一、單元考點提示
1、單詞
A as,at/in/on,like,president,news,death,consider
B tired,well,consider,suggest,need,worry,stop,interest,
不定代詞的修飾語
2、短語
A fight against,used to,no more than,become interested in,be against,set up,of one’s own,be free to do sth.,break away from,break out,join up,call for,for the second time
B get along/get along with,be kind to,make fun of,anything else,tell a lie,at all，形容詞比較級表示(shi)最(zui)高級含(han)義
3、句型結構
1.so+adj.(adv.)
2.so+adj.+a(n)+單數可數名詞
3.so+adj.(少數(shu)表示量的形容(rong)詞)+可數(shu)名詞復(fu)數(shu)（或不可數(shu)名詞）
4.spend time/money on sth.
5.spend time in doing sth.
6.seem為(wei)連(lian)系動(dong)詞，其基本句(ju)型(xing)和(he)用(yong)法
二、考點精析與拓展
I.單詞和詞組
1、break 小結
break 一(yi)詞常(chang)用搭配有：
（1）break out(戰爭、火(huo)災、爭吵、瘟疫等(deng))爆發
A big fire broke out in the city last week.
(2)break away from 脫離
A carriage(車廂)broke away from the train.
(3)break the law 違反(fan)法律(lv)
Who breaks the law will be punished by the law.
(4)break in 破門而入；打斷(duan)
He broke in to say that he was not interested in what I was talking about.
(5)break down 損壞；中斷
Her fridge has broken down for a long time.
(6)break off 打斷；結(jie)束；暫停
They were arguing(爭論)but broke off when someone came into the room.
(7)break into闖入；侵入
Thieves broke into my house when I was out.
2.consider用法小(xiao)結(jie)
consider是(shi)個很常用的(de)動詞(ci)，其意(yi)義不同(tong)，句型(xing)結構也(ye)不同(tong)。我們在(zai)學習中要特別(bie)注意(yi)。
（1）作(zuo)“仔(zi)細考慮、深思熟(shu)慮”解，consider可作(zuo)不及物(wu)動詞或及物(wu)動詞。
作及動詞(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)，后可接(jie)名詞(ci)(ci)(ci)、代詞(ci)(ci)(ci)、動名詞(ci)(ci)(ci)作賓語，不(bu)能接(jie)動詞(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)定(ding)式，但可以接(jie)疑(yi)問詞(ci)(ci)(ci)+不(bu)定(ding)式，相當于賓語從句。例如：
Consider carefully before you decide.
你要慎重考慮后再做決(jue)定。
They considered your suggestion.他們仔(zi)細考慮(lv)了你(ni)的建議。
He is considering studying abroad.他在考慮出國留(liu)學(xue)。
We are considering how to help them.我(wo)們(men)在考(kao)慮如何幫助他(ta)們(men)。
（2）作(zuo)“將……視為、認(ren)為、以為”解。
①可(ke)(ke)用consider+名詞+（to be）名詞（形容詞）或consider+名詞+as+名詞（形容詞）結構，但當不定式為行(xing)(xing)為動詞時，不能省略，不可(ke)(ke)用于進行(xing)(xing)時。這樣用時相當于that引導賓語從(cong)句。例如：
He considers himself(to be)clever(=as clever).=He considers that he is clever.他認(ren)為(wei)自己很聰明(ming)。
I consider him(to be)my closest friend(as my closest friend).=I consider(that)he is my closest friend.我把他(ta)視為我最(zui)親密的朋友。
He is considered to have invented the first computer.他被(bei)認(ren)為(wei)是最早發明計算機(ji)的(de)人。
②還可用于consider+it(形式賓語)+形容詞+不定式結構。例如：
I consider it wrong for students to smoke.我(wo)認為學生抽煙是不對的。
3.fight against;fight for
fight with,fight against意(yi)為(wei)“為(wei)反對……而戰、與……作(zuo)斗爭”,against 后面(mian)接的是反對的對象，如：
They are fighting against their enemy.他們在與敵人作戰。
Political leaders fought against slavery.政治領(ling)導們(men)為了反對奴隸(li)制(zhi)度而斗爭。
fight for 意為(wei)“為(wei)爭取(qu)……而斗(dou)爭、因為(wei)……而打架”。如(ru)：
Two dogs fight for a bone,and a third runs away with it.兩只狗為(wei)搶一塊(kuai)骨(gu)(gu)頭而打架，另一只狗把骨(gu)(gu)頭叼走了。
fight with意為“同……（一起并肩(jian)）作戰(zhan)(zhan)、與……作戰(zhan)(zhan)”，它含有兩重意思(si)，試比較：
They fought with the Italian in the last war.他們在最后的這次戰(zhan)爭中(zhong)是與意大(da)利人作戰(zhan)。
They fought with the Italian against France in that war.在那次戰(zhan)爭中(zhong)，他們和(he)意大利聯合作戰(zhan)反對法國。
4.no more than;not more than;no more...than;not more...than
no more than 意為(wei)(wei)“僅(jin)僅(jin)、只不過(guo)”，相(xiang)當于only。它與(yu)數字連用時，意為(wei)(wei)“僅(jin)僅(jin)至多”，強調“少(shao)”，帶有說(shuo)話(hua)者的感情色彩。如：
I am no more than a teacher.我只(zhi)是個教師而已。
There were no more than two hospitals in this city before liberation.解放前，這座城市里(li)只(zhi)有(you)兩家醫院（表示很少）
not more than 后面接數詞(ci)時(shi)，表示(shi)“不超過、最(zui)多”的意思。用(yong)來(lai)說明情況，并含有(you)“少”之意，也不帶有(you)說話者的主(zhu)觀色(se)彩(cai)。如：
There are not more than ten minutes left.最多只剩下(xia)10分(fen)鐘了。（表示客觀事實）
“no more+形容詞（副詞）原(yuan)級+than”意(yi)為“兩者同(tong)樣(yang)不”，前(qian)面和后面同(tong)時否定(ding)，帶有感情色彩。如:
This tool is no more useful than that one.
這(zhe)件工(gong)具與那件工(gong)具一樣沒(mei)有(you)用(yong)。（兩者都(dou)沒(mei)有(you)用(yong)）
“not more+形容詞（副詞）原級＋than”意為(wei)“Ａ不比(bi)Ｂ更……”。這是比(bi)較級的正(zheng)規(gui)用法，表示比(bi)較的事實，兩者(zhe)都肯定。如：
Ｔhis tool is not more useful than one.這樣(yang)工具(ju)不(bu)及(ji)那(nei)件工具(ju)有(you)用(yong)。（兩(liang)者(zhe)都有(you)用(yong)）
５.shoot sb./sth;shoot at sb./sth.
在(zai)shoot sb./sth.中(zhong)，shoot為(wei)及(ji)(ji)物動(dong)詞，除(chu)了shoot the arrow(射箭)外，其賓語多為(wei)射擊的對象，即人或動(dong)物等。Shoot意為(wei)“打中(zhong)、打死、槍(qiang)決”。而在(zai)shoot at sb./sth.中(zhong)，shoot為(wei)不及(ji)(ji)物動(dong)詞,at表示動(dong)作的方向(xiang)或目標，打中(zhong)與否(fou)不得而知。試比較：
Ｈe shoot the bear.他打中(zhong)了那(nei)只(zhi)熊。
Ｈe shoot at the bear.他(ta)朝那只(zhi)熊射(she)擊。
三者均有“最后、終于(yu)”的(de)含義。
finally常用于動(dong)詞之前，表示(shi)人(ren)們長(chang)期以(yi)來期待的某事(shi)最后實現了，也可指一系(xi)列事(shi)物(wu)或論點(dian)的順(shun)序。例(li)如：
Ａfter putting it off three times,we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.經過三(san)次(ci)延期之后,我(wo)們終于在(zai)希臘度了一次(ci)假。
Ｔhey talked about it for hours.Finally,they decided not to go.他們談論(lun)了(le)幾個小時，最后決定不去。
at last 有時可(ke)與(yu)finally互換(huan)，但往往用于一(yi)番拖延或曲折之(zhi)后，語氣更強烈。例(li)如：
When at last they found him, he was almost dead.當人們最終(zhong)找到他時，他已經奄(yan)奄(yan)一(yi)息(xi)了。
James has passed his exams at last.詹姆斯終于通過了考(kao)試(shi)。
in the end指經過許(xu)多變化、困(kun)難(nan)的捉摸不定的情況之后，某事(shi)才發生(sheng)。例如：
We made five different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer camp again.我們制訂了五(wu)種不同的度假(jia)方案，但最(zui)后我們還(huan)是(shi)選定了再來一次夏(xia)令營活動。
7.when,where 引導(dao)定語從句
關系(xi)副詞(ci)(ci)when和(he)(he)where用(yong)來引導定語從句，分別在(zai)從句中作(zuo)時(shi)間和(he)(he)地(di)點(dian)狀語。學(xue)習和(he)(he)使用(yong)關系(xi)副詞(ci)(ci)when和(he)(he) where時(shi)，應注意以下要點(dian)。
（1）關(guan)系副(fu)詞 when在(zai)(zai)定(ding)語(yu)從句中作(zuo)時間(jian)狀語(yu)，關(guan)系副(fu)詞where在(zai)(zai)定(ding)語(yu)從句中作(zuo)地點狀語(yu)；
他們(men)分別(bie)替代(dai)前面(mian)表(biao)(biao)時間和地(di)點的先行詞，因此定語從句中不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)再出現先行語所表(biao)(biao)示的時間或地(di)點狀語，否則會犯語義(yi)重復(fu)的錯誤；同時 when和where不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)省略。例(li)如：
It’s about a time when there were black slaves in North America.他描(miao)述(shu)的是(shi)那樣一(yi)個時期，在那時美國北方還有黑奴存(cun)在。
The planet where we live looks a big round blue ball from space.我們所(suo)生活的這個星球(qiu)(qiu)，從(cong)太空上看就(jiu)像一個很大的藍(lan)色圓球(qiu)(qiu)。
（2）通常可用(yong)“介(jie)詞+which”的形式來替(ti)代when或where.當介(jie)詞未直(zhi)接置(zhi)于引導詞前時，也可用(yong)關系代詞that替(ti)代which。例如：
It also keeps a record of the date on which/when they will travel.它（計算機）還把他們旅行的日期(qi)也記錄下來。
They were held in Greece-the counrty in which/where the games were born.它們（第一屆奧(ao)運會(hui)）是在(zai)奧(ao)運會(hui)的(de)發源地希臘舉行的(de)。
但有時(shi)when, where不(bu)能或(huo)不(bu)宜與(yu)“介詞+which”互換。例如：
The temperature at which ice changes into water is zero degree centigrade.(at which不能換用where)冰變(bian)成水的溫度(du)(du)是(shi)攝(she)氏零度(du)(du)。
You may come any time when you are convenient.（when不(bu)(bu)宜換用at/on/in which等，因這里any time所表示的(de)時間概(gai)念不(bu)(bu)明(ming)確）你可以(yi)在(zai)方便的(de)任何時候來。
（3）when,where引導的定語從句與狀語從句的區(qu)別：
引導(dao)定語(yu)從(cong)句時，when和where在意義上是(shi)先(xian)行詞的(de)(de)同位語(yu)，即他(ta)們表示(shi)的(de)(de)是(shi)同一概念；而引導(dao)狀語(yu)從(cong)句時，他(ta)們與其前面的(de)(de)名詞之前沒有這種關系，因此這時的(de)(de)when和where不能換成“介詞+which”。例如：
Please make notes where you don’t understand.（狀語從句）請在你(ni)不懂的地方(fang)做上記號。
I’ll always think of those terrible days when I come back to the city.(狀(zhuang)語從句)每當我回到這個城市，總會想(xiang)起那些可(ke)怕的日子。
（4）當(dang)先行詞(ci)是表示時(shi)間或(huo)地點的(de)名詞(ci)時(shi)，要(yao)根據他們在(zai)定語(yu)從(cong)句(ju)中充當(dang)的(de)句(ju)子成(cheng)分來(lai)確定引導詞(ci)該用(yong)when,where還是which或(huo)that.
先行(xing)詞(ci)在定語從(cong)句中(zhong)作狀語時用(yong)when或where,作主、賓、表語時則要用(yong)which或that.請(qing)看下面的比例句：
Tibet is a place where generations of Tibetan people have been living.(作地點狀語)西藏是藏族人(ren)民世代居住(zhu)的地方。
Tibet is a beautiful and mystical place which people from all of the world look forward to visiting.（作賓語）西藏是(shi)一個美麗而神(shen)奇(qi)的地方，全世(shi)界的人(ren)都(dou)盼望去看看。
Galileo lived at a time the human spirit was walking after a thousand years of sheep.(作時間狀語(yu))伽利略生活(huo)的(de)(de)時代(dai)(dai)是人類靈魂(hun)經過了千年之(zhi)后正在(zai)蘇醒的(de)(de)時代(dai)(dai)。
3．used to ;would; be used to
(1)used to 表示“過去(qu)慣常”，但“現在(zai)不做了(le)”，指過去(qu)的習慣或(huo)狀態，to 為不定式(shi)符(fu)號，后(hou)跟動詞原形。有兩(liang)點須注意：
①否(fou)定(ding)式(shi)。used to do sth.的否(fou)定(ding)式(shi)有兩種形式(shi)：
used not (usedn’t)to do sth.
didn’t use to do sth.例如：
He didn’t use to (usedn’t to)like country music,but now
he is getting interested.
②疑問式。used to do sth.的(de)疑問式也有兩種形(xing)式。其簡短回答中的(de)to通常(chang)不予省略，但動詞(ci)原形(xing)常(chang)被省略。
Did + sb.(主語)+ use to do sth.?
Used + sb.(主語)+ to do sth.?
Did he use to play basketball?
Used he to play basketball?
(2)would(可(ke)以)是will的過(guo)去式，也(ye)可(ke)表示習慣動(dong)作。
①would用于過去將來時。
過去將來(lai)時的基本形式(shi)是：would+動(dong)詞原形，在英國(guo)英語中，主語是第(di)一(yi)人稱(cheng)時，would可換做should，第(di)二、三人稱(cheng)用(yong)would。
I thought I would make lots of new friends.我曾認(ren)為我會交(jiao)上許多新(xin)朋友。
②would表示過去習慣的動作。
“would + 動詞原形”表示(shi)過(guo)去(qu)的習慣動作，與used to 同義，但(dan)與used to 有(you)別。Used to do表示(shi)過(guo)去(qu)經(jing)常(chang)發(fa)生(sheng)的動作或存在的狀(zhuang)態(tai)，同時隱含有(you)“現(xian)在已經(jing)有(you)所改(gai)變(bian)”的意思，而“would+do sth.” 可以用來(lai)表示(shi)“過(guo)去(qu)經(jing)常(chang)發(fa)生(sheng)”，但(dan)不表示(shi)“過(guo)去(qu)存在的狀(zhuang)態(tai)”。
She used to say“No pains,no gains”。
她(ta)過(guo)去常(chang)說：“不(bu)勞而獲(huo)”。（used to可以(yi)換為would）
I used to live in the countryside.我(wo)過去住(zhu)在(zai)農(nong)村(cun)。（此(ci)句的used to不可用(yong)would換用(yong)）
（3）be used to具(ju)有雙重含義：
①be used to是use sth.to do sth的(de)被動形式(shi)，意為“被用來干某事”，to為不定式(shi)符號。例如:Rice may be used to make wine.
②be used to表(biao)示“習慣(guan)于(yu)……，”be可以(yi)換(huan)為get或(huo)become,表(biao)示“開(kai)始、變得習慣(guan)于(yu)……”，to 為介詞(ci)，其后接名詞(ci)、代詞(ci)或(huo)動詞(ci)作賓(bin)語。例如(ru)：
I’m used to English food.
4.pattern;model;example
pattern“型、式(shi)樣(yang)、圖(tu)(tu)樣(yang)”可指供模仿的(de)某物原型或精心設計出的(de)圖(tu)(tu)樣(yang)或模型，也可指榜樣(yang)。如：
Can you use the sentence pattern?他會用這個句型嗎？
She is a pattern for us.她(ta)是我們學(xue)習的典范。
model“模型、模范”，指(zhi)供模仿或值得信效的人或物(wu)。如：
Have you seen his model ship?你看見過他的船模(mo)嗎？
example “例子、榜樣”,主要指人(ren)及(ji)其行為和活動被他人(ren)信效。如：
Example is better than precept.身教重于言(yan)教。
5．Recently;lately
兩者均可表示“近來、最近”，但用法不同。
recently 是(shi)書面語，常被quite,just,but, very,only等詞所修飾，以加強語氣。主(zhu)要用(yong)于肯定(ding)句中。如:
He’s only recently begun billogy. 他只是最近才開(kai)始學生物。
I didn’t know it until quite recently.我一直到(dao)最近才知道。
Lately常用于口語，指與現在有(you)聯系的一段時間，常見于否定句或疑問句中。如：
I haven’t seen him lately.我近(jin)來沒有看到他(ta)。
6．reply;answer
reply和(he)answer均可(ke)解作“回答(da)、答(da)道”，但用(yong)法有別。reply用(yong)做不及物動詞時(shi)，可(ke)用(yong)reply to sb./sth.;作及物動詞后跟直(zhi)(zhi)接引語或(huo)賓語從句(ju)，但不能直(zhi)(zhi)接跟人(ren)或(huo)物作賓語。如：
Please reply to my question.請(qing)回答我的問題。
He replied that he knew the news.他(ta)回答說他(ta)知道這消息。
answer 用作及物(wu)動詞(ci)，可(ke)直接(jie)跟名詞(ci)或(huo)代(dai)詞(ci)作賓(bin)語，而reply應加to才可(ke)接(jie)名詞(ci)或(huo)代(dai)詞(ci)。如：
He answered the examination paper quite well.他考卷答得(de)很(hen)好。
fail to reply to a question/letter未能回答(da)問題/回信
7.because;because of
二者(zhe)均表示“因為”，區別(bie)是：
because是從屬(shu)連詞(ci)引導原因狀語從句；而because of是一(yi)個(ge)合成介詞(ci)，其后(hou)接名詞(ci)、代詞(ci)、動名詞(ci)或what從句組成介詞(ci)短語。如:
I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired.我回去不(bu)是(shi)因為(wei)下雨，而是(shi)因為(wei)我累了。
Her face turned red because of what he said.他的話(hua)使她臉紅(hong)了。
8.suggest+賓語從句(ju)
suggest 在此意(yi)為(wei)“建議”，后(hou)面的(de)賓(bin)語從句的(de)謂語用(yong)了(le)虛(xu)擬語氣，其結構(gou)是：should do或do,否定形式為(wei)：should not do或not do.如：
I suggested that LiMing (should)be sent to the south.
我(wo)建議(yi)把(ba)李明派往南方。
I suggested that he (should)not do it today.我建議他今天先不(bu)要做(zuo)。
suggest只有(you)作“建(jian)議(yi)”解(jie)時(shi)，后面才可以跟(gen)“should(not)+動(dong)詞(ci)原形”的(de)形式(shi)，當suggest作“表明(ming)”解(jie)時(shi)不可以用(yong)此結(jie)構(gou)。如：
His smile suggested that he was quite satisfied with our work.他的微笑表(biao)示他對我們的工作(zuo)很滿意。
同時，即使是suggest作“建議”解，在現代英語中，謂語也可以用(yong)其他形(xing)式(shi)。
I suggest that you don’t ask him home for the vacation.我建議(yi)你假期(qi)不(bu)要邀(yao)他回(hui)家去(qu)。（句(ju)中(zhong)用don’t ask,而(er)沒有(you)用should not ask或not ask）
I suggest that Robert might go to Beijing and have a talk with Mr Wu.我建議羅(luo)伯特(te)去(qu)北(bei)京同吳先生談(tan)一談(tan)。（句中用might go而(er)沒(mei)有用should go 或go）
9.like 用(yong)法小(xiao)結
（1）like 用(yong)做(zuo)動詞（及物）通常表(biao)示(shi)一般的“喜歡”，為(wei)口語用(yong)詞，詞意(yi)沒(mei)有love感情強烈(lie)，反義詞為(wei)hate。
①like + n.(pron.)
Does Li Ming like bananas？李明喜歡吃香蕉嗎？
Do you like it?你喜歡它嗎(ma)？
②like + v.-ing(動名詞)
Do you like working in China?你喜歡在中國工作嗎？
③like + to + v.(不(bu)定式)
I like to keep busy.我喜(xi)歡(huan)生(sheng)活得緊張。
④would like(=would love)后接名詞(ci)(ci)、代詞(ci)(ci)或不定(ding)式(shi)，多用于(yu)有禮(li)貌地提出要求，意為“想要、愿意”。
Would you like something to drink?你想喝點什么(me)嗎？
I’d like two sweaters for my daughter.我(wo)要給(gei)我(wo)女兒(er)買兩件運動衫。
Would you like to come?你愿意來嗎(ma)？
⑤How do you like...?(=What do you think of...?)此句型用于(yu)詢問(wen)對方對某(mou)人（物(wu)）的看法，意為“你覺得 ……怎么樣(yang)？”
How do you like China?你覺得(de)中國怎么(me)樣(yang)？
(2)like 用做介詞，意為“像……一樣”，反義詞為unlike。
①like 后接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓(bin)語。
Don’t throw it like that .別那樣扔它(ta)。
They’re round,like the moon.它們是圓的，像月亮(liang)一(yi)樣。
Walking on the moon is just like flying .在月球上行走就(jiu)像飛(fei)一樣(yang)。
②look like意(yi)為“看起來(lai)像……一樣(yang)”。
It looks like a chicken.它看起來像一只雞。
③feel like+v-ing意(yi)為(wei)“想(xiang)……”。
I had a little,but I don’t feel like eating.我(wo)吃了一點，可我(wo)不想吃。
④What’s the weather like...?(=How’s the weather like...?)此句(ju)型用(yong)來詢問(wen)天(tian)氣情況，意為“……天(tian)氣怎么樣？”。
What’s the weather like in Australia now?現在澳大利(li)亞天氣(qi)情(qing)況怎(zen)么樣？
II 句型
1.As a child….:As/When he was a child…，小的時(shi)候，該句(ju)型中的as為連詞，意為“在……的時(shi)候”，引(yin)導時(shi)間(jian)狀(zhuang)語從(cong)(cong)句(ju)。當(dang)從(cong)(cong)句(ju)與主(zhu)句(ju)主(zhu)語一致，且從(cong)(cong)句(ju)謂語為be時(shi)，可將從(cong)(cong)句(ju)主(zhu)語及(ji)be省略。
①Even as(he was)a student,Professor Smith showed great interest in maths.甚(shen)至(zhi)上學的時候(hou)，史密斯(si)教授對數學就很感興趣。
②As(he was)a boy,he liked playing table tennis with the grown-ups.小時候，他(ta)就喜歡和大人們打乒乓球。
2.(1)used to do sth.過去（常常）做某事(shi)。意(yi)謂著“現在不做了”。
①As a boy,I used to swim in this river.小時候(hou)常(chang)在這條(tiao)河里(li)游泳。
②He used to come to see me once a month.他過(guo)去每月來看我一(yi)次(ci)。
（2）be/get used to sth./doing sth. 習慣于（做）某事。
①I’m used to the life/living here now.現在我(wo)習慣(guan)了這(zhe)里(li)的生活/生活在這(zhe)里(li)。
②He used to get up very late,but now he is used to getting up very early.他過去常起(qi)床很晚，但(dan)現在已習(xi)慣了早起(qi)了。
（3）be used to do sth.被用來做某事(shi)。
Bamboo can be used to make paper.竹子能用來造紙(zhi)。
3.do all sb.can to do sth.:do what sb.can to do sth.盡某人的所能做某事
all 后(hou)(hou)面(mian)為(wei)that 所引導的定(ding)語(yu)從(cong)句(ju)，that在從(cong)句(ju)中作賓(bin)語(yu)已被(bei)省略；can后(hou)(hou)面(mian)為(wei)避免重復省略了do;后(hou)(hou)面(mian)的to do sth.為(wei)不定(ding)式（短語(yu)）作目(mu)的狀語(yu)。all(that)sb.can(do)相當于賓(bin)語(yu)從(cong)句(ju)what sb.can(do)。
①I’ll do all I can to help you.我將盡力幫助(zhu)你。
②He did all he could to improve his spoken English. 他盡了(le)最(zui)大努力來(lai)提(ti)高(gao)英語口語水(shui)平。
4.no more than:only僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)；只有。具有感情色彩，強調“少”。與no less than 相對。
Not more than:less than;at most不到；至多。說明客觀事(shi)實。與not less than相對。
①He has no more than 20 yuan.他只有20元(yuan)錢。（強(qiang)調(diao)錢“少”）
He has not more than 20 yuan.他(ta)有不到20元(yuan)錢(qian)。（說明客觀事(shi)實）
②No less than 50 people attended the meeting.參加(jia)會議的人不(bu)少于50多(duo)個。（強調“多(duo)”）
Not less than 50 people attended the meeting.參加會議的(de)有50多人。（說明客(ke)觀事實）
注意：no用(yong)于比較級(ji)之前總含有感情色(se)彩(cai)；not用(yong)來否定比較級(ji)則(ze)只說(shuo)明客觀事實。
①you are no taller than I.你并不比我(wo)高。（我(wo)們兩人(ren)都矮）
you are not taller than I.你不如(ru)我高。
②This question is no more diffcult than that one.這個問(wen)(wen)題并(bing)水(shui)比(bi)那個（容易(yi)的(de)）問(wen)(wen)題難。
This question is not more diffcult than that one.這個問(wen)題不如那個問(wen)題難。
5.In 1860,Abraham Lincoln was elected president….1860年林肯(ken)被選為(wei)總統。
president/chairman/head/captain/director/mornitor等(deng)表(biao)示頭(tou)銜、職位的名(ming)詞，在用作(zuo)同位語、補語或表(biao)語時，前面(mian)通常不加冠詞。
6.suggest vt.建(jian)議；提議。有三種常用句式（但不能(neng)說(shuo)suggest sb.to do sth.）。
（1）suggest sth.
①Who suggested the plan?誰提出(chu)的這項計劃(hua)？
②She suggested Shanghai for their meeting.他(ta)提議(yi)在上海會面。
（2）suggest doing sth.（不能接不定式）
①He suggested going for a swim in the river after lunch.他提議午飯后去河里游(you)泳。
②I suggest talking with him as soon as possible.我建議盡快和他(ta)談。
（3）suggest than……此時的賓語從句通(tong)常用虛擬語氣，即謂語用“should+原形”，should可(ke)以(yi)省(sheng)略(lve)。
①I suggested (that)Jane(should)start at once.我建議簡馬上出發。
②I suggested Jack not wear the sweater.我建議杰克(ke)不要穿背心。
③We suggested he be punished.我們提議懲罰他。
注意：suggest當“表明;暗示”講時(shi)后面的(de)賓語從句(ju)不用(yong)虛擬語氣。
①The smile on her face suggested she was very happy.臉上的微笑說明她(ta)很高興。
②His silence suggested that he didn’t agree with us.沉默不(bu)語表明他不(bu)同意我們(men)的(de)意見。
7.向別人提建(jian)議時常用的句型。
①Why don’t you do sth.……？你怎不……？
②Why not do sth.？（上句的省(sheng)略）為(wei)什(shen)么(me)不……？
③You’d better do sth.你最好是……。
例如：
①Why don’t you ask them to help you?你怎么不叫他們(men)幫(bang)助你呢？
②Why not/don’t you go for a walk with them?為什么不和他們一塊去散步呢？
③You’d better go to see a doctor this afternoon.你(ni)最(zui)好(hao)下午(wu)去(qu)看醫生。
8.What do you think I should do?你認為我該(gai)怎么(me)辦？
其中的do you think看作插入語，相當于what should I do,do you think?
①I think Tom is the best student in our class.我認(ren)為湯姆是我們(men)班最(zui)好(hao)的(de)學(xue)生(sheng)。劃線Tom 提問則得(de)：Who do you think is the best student in our class?你(ni)認(ren)為誰是我們(men)最(zui)好(hao)的(de)學(xue)生(sheng)？
（不能說：Do you think who is the best student in our class?）
②What do you think is going to happen next?你認(ren)為下一步要發生(sheng)什么事。
③Which way do you think is better?你認(ren)為(wei)哪個方法較(jiao)好呢(ni)？
三、經典名題導解
題1（上海 2000）
-Excuse me,may I ask you some questions?
-Sorry.I’m too busy and haven’t even a minute to______.
A.spend B.spare C.share D.stop
分(fen)析：B。spare為“抽(chou)出時間”的(de)意(yi)思，其他詞意(yi)均不符(fu)合本題。
題2（NMET 1993）
Charles Babbage is generally considered_______ the first computer.
A.to invent B.inventing
C.to have invented D.having invented
分析：C。is considered to(=is thought to...)被認為……，句中的(de)consider不(bu)作(zuo)(zuo)“考慮”講，所以排除B，D兩選項。Invent的(de)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)發生在過去，即is considered之(zhi)前(qian)，所以應用完(wan)成時。
題3（NMET 2000）
It was an exciting moment for these tooball fans this year,______for the first time in years their team won the world cup.
A.that B.while C.which D.when
分析(xi)：D。分析(xi)該(gai)題句(ju)(ju)子結構(gou)可以看到前(qian)后(hou)句(ju)(ju)意完整，而后(hou)句(ju)(ju)意為(wei)“數年里(li)是(shi)今年頭次贏(ying)得(de)世界杯”。this year在后(hou)句(ju)(ju)中作狀語，所有應選擇表時間的關系副(fu)詞when。
題4（上海 2000）
Our English teacher______our buying a good English-Chinese dictionary.
A.asked B.ordered C.suggested D.required
分析：C。ask,order,require后(hou)面(mian)接不定(ding)式(shi)，suggest后(hou)面(mian)接動(dong)名詞。
題(ti)5 Readers can_______ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A.get over B.get in C.get along D.get through
分(fen)析：C。get over difficulty 克服(fu)困難；get in(= arrive)進入、到(dao)達；get along(=make progress)進展、進行；get through完成、通過。從題意(yi)及這四個(ge)動詞短(duan)語的意(yi)義(yi)可知，正確(que)答案(an)為C。
題6 Most of the artists_______to the party were from South Africa.
A.invited B.to invite
C.being invited D.had been invited
分析：A。句子(zi)的謂語(yu)部分為“were from South Africa”；invite作后(hou)置定語(yu)，修飾(shi)the artists,且表被動(dong)。因(yin)invite為終(zhong)止性動(dong)作動(dong)詞(ci)，故應選擇A。
題7 (NMET 2002)
It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A.it what to do with B.what to do it with
C.what to do with it D.to do what with it
分(fen)析：C。該題考查“疑(yi)問句+不定式”短語用(yong)(yong)法，動詞(ci)短語do with,多與what連用(yong)(yong)構成特殊疑(yi)問，What do you do with it?其中it作介詞(ci)with的(de)賓語，do也是(shi)一個及(ji)物動詞(ci)，它(ta)的(de)賓語就是(shi)疑(yi)問詞(ci)what引導(dao)的(de)從句。在本題是(shi)what to do with it 作knows的(de)賓語。
題8 （NMET 1997）
-Alice ,why didn’t you come yesterday?
-I_______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A.had B.would C.was going to D.did
分析：C。從四個選項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)看，A項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)符合(he)語法邏(luo)輯。D項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)符合(he)邏(luo)輯。B項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)后加have,表示(shi)與過(guo)去事實相反的虛擬，則是對的。
四、課后鞏固訓練
Ⅰ、單項填空
A）從A、B、C、D中找出劃(hua)線部(bu)分(fen)與(yu)所給單詞的劃(hua)線部(bu)分(fen)讀(du)音相同的選項。
1.smooth A.football B.food C.shook D.good
2.shadow A.dowm B.town C.flower D.borrow
3.spread A.break B.meant C.breathe D.clean
4.bucket A.pull B.brush C.busy D.duty
5.fierce A.friend B.science C.beard D.diary
B）從A、B、C、D四個(ge)選(xuan)項中，選(xuan)出可以填入(ru)空白處的最(zui)佳答案。
6. I don’t think these workers are enough for the job.We need_______.
A.many more others B.five more C.another many D.more other
7. _______I live,I’ll study.
A.As far as B.As early as C.As good as D.As long as
8. There stands a board_______“Keep off the grass.”
A.that writes B.reads C.says D.reading
9. We have to_______a hole in the wall for electric wires_______a drill.
A.make;by B.drill;with C.do;using D.dig;in
10. A notice was placed by the thin ice,_______people_______.
A.warned;keep away B.warning;to keep off
C.to warn;to keep out D.warn;to keep up
11. They agreed to buy the house as_______.
A.it is B.they C.is it D.it were
12. She sings_______she walks along.
A.when B.while C.as D.whenever
13. This form_______wrongly,do you know?
A.has been filled in B.filled in C.filled up D.fills up
14. Since 1980 Beijing_______a new look everywhere.
A.took on B.takes on C.has taken on D.takes over
15. My watch is nowhere_______.
A.to find B.to be found C.being found D.finding
16. She is_______a teacher to children.She is also a friend of theirs.
A.rather than B.other than C.more than D.less than
17. -He is always careless.
-So he_______careful this time.
A.is being B.is C.will be D.was
18. The school buildings are in a bad_______of repair.
A.situation B.form C.shape D.state
19. The teacher_______the examination papers right now.
A.was handing out B.is handing out
C.handed out D.is handing in
20. They_______forever_______us for money to rebuild the temple.
A.are;asking B.have;asked C.are;asked D.were;asked
21. Get something to eat,he_______be hungry now.
A.can B.ought to C.can’t D.seems
22. He raised his arm_______his face from the blow.
A.to protect B.to stop C.to keep D.defending
23. -Mr Smith has been to Shanghai several times.
-He has done_______business there.
A.masses of B.a number of C.lots D.a few
24. We all hope that such bad weather won’t_______long.
A.keep B.last C.go D.continue
25. -_______?
-Worse than before.
A.How is a thing B.How is the thing
C.How are things D.How are the things
Ⅱ、完形填空（共25小題(ti)）
閱讀下(xia)面短文，掌(zhang)握其大意，然后從26-50各題所給的四個選項(xiang)中選出一個最佳答(da)案。
26 the past hundred years,the railway,the car,the radio,the cinema,and now the TV,have produced very great 27 in the amusements(娛樂活動)with which people pass their 28 time.
A 29 years ago,people were in the habit(習(xi)慣(guan))of making 30 amusements.When a group of people 31 together,they talked,played cards or 32 games,read aloud to each other,or went 33 riding,shooting or walking.Most people could sing 34 ,or play the piano,so at a party the guest amused 35 .Above all,conversation(聊天)was an art:amusing conversation could 36 people happy for hours.
As for games 37 football and tennis,people were also in the habit of playing 38 themselves.Most of them did not play very well,but they 39 themselves and their friends.Nowadays we are amused 40 professional(專業(ye)的)singers or players. 41 listen to your friends 42 when you can hear the great singers of the world 43 the radio or on TV? Why play football with players who 44 very good at it when you can see some of the best players playing an important match? You may just sit comfortably 45 and watch the game 46 the trouble of going outside.
The art of conversation and the habit of playing and singing are 47 :people are becoming more and more lookers and listeners,and 48 doers and talkers.This change does people 49 ;it is better to do something not very well oneself than 50 to sit and watch others doing it.
26.A.On B.At C.After D.During
27.A.singer B.pleasure C.changes D.danger
28.A.busy B.free C.work D.day
29.A.hundred B.thousand C.century D.few
30.A.themselves B.them C.their own D.theirs
31.A.come B.put C.got D.worked
32.A.other B.the other C.another D.else
33.A.out B.on C.inside D.to
34.A.little B.a little C.lot D.a lot
35.A.them B.each other C.others D.each one
36.A.made B.bring C.let D.keep
37.A.such B.for example C.like D.for
38.A.it B.them C.that D.ones
39.A.enjoy B.amused C.play D.played with
40.A.of B.by C.in D.on
41.A.Why B.Why not C.What about D.How about
42.A.saying B.talking C.playing D.singing
43.A.from B.in C.by D.over
44.A.is not B.are not C.is D.are
45.A.at home B.at a cinema C.at school D.at a stadium
46.A.with B.in C.within D.without
47.A.disappeared B.growing C.died D.dying
48.A.much B.little C.more D.less
49.A.more good than harm B.neither good nor harm
C.more harm than good D.either harm or good
50.A.sometimes B.usualy C.always D.never
Ⅲ、閱讀理解（共25小題）
A）閱讀下面短文，從每(mei)題(ti)所給的四個選項中選擇最佳答案(an)。
A
A passenger was looking everywhere for his ticket because the conductor was coming to punch(剪)the ticket.He was looking for it in all the pockets of his trousers.To the passengers’surprise,they saw that he had the ticket in his mouth.The conductor quickly pulled the ticket out of his mouth,punched it and gave it back to him.When the conductor moved on,the passenger’s friend said,“I’m sure you felt foolish just now,sitting there looking everywhere for your ticket when it was right in your mouth all the time.”
“Foolish!”answer the passenger.“I was chewing(嚼)the date off.”
51. The passenger_______.
A.lost his ticket,of course
B.din’t buy a ticket for the trip
C.was looking for a lost ticket
D.didn’t remember where he had put his ticket
52. A.The other passengers would laugh because_______.
A.the passenger lost his ticket
B.the passenger was chewing the ticket
C.they saw that the passenger had the ticket in his mouth
D.the passenger had no ticket
53. The conductor_______.
A.didn’t know why he was looking for his ticket
B.knew why he was looking for the ticket
C.didn’t know he had lost his ticket
D.knew he had no money for a ticket
54. The conductor_______.
A.knew why the man put the ticket in his mouth
B.thought the man had forgotten that the ticket was in his mouth
C.knew the man was chewing the ticket
D.thought the man was too busy
55. The best title for the story is_______.
A.Foolish Passenger B.Clever Conductor
C.Ticket Without Date D.Eating Ticket
B
Which would you rather be? A mathematician or an author(作家(jia))? Perhaps you will never be faced with this kind of choice.Lewis Carroll was both a mathematician and an author.He was a lecturer in mathematics at Oxford University.But he is better known as the author of two of the most famous children’s books that have ever been written:Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass.
Alice in Wonderland was published in 1865,when its author was 33 years old,it was followed by Through the Looking-Glass in 1871.Both books were written for a real girl called Alice,but they have been read by millions of children since they were first published.These stories are about a dream world in which Alice meets strange creatures adn has interesting adventures(冒險).I’m sure you know this already,but if you don’t,you had better read the stories yourselves.
56. The writer of this passage thinks that_______.
A.most people can’t decide which they would be
B.most people will never have to make this kind of choice
C.a mathematician can’t be a writer
D.a writer can’t be a mathematician
57. According to this passage,_______.
A.Lewis was a better author than a mathematician
B.Lewis was a better mathematician than an author
C.two of his books made Lewis famous
D.teaching mathematics made Lewis famous
58. Two of Lewis’ books were_______.
A.the most famous books in the world.
B.the most famous books for children in the world.
C.among the most famous children’s books.
D.much more famous than the books he wrote in his thirties.
59. Through the Looking-Glass was published_______.
A.in 1865 when Lewis was at the age of 33
B.in 1871 when Lewis was at the age of 39
C.in 1865 when Lewis was at the age of 39
D.in 1871 when Lewis was at the age of 33
60. Which of the following is true?_______.
A.The stories in the two books come from real life
B.Alice really had those dreams
C.The stories are really Alice’s adventures
D.Alice was a real girl
C
Son:Dad,why is the population problem the greatest one of the world?
Father:Look at my watch for just one minute.During that time 174 babies were born in
the world.
Son:174 babies?
Father:Yes,maybe you think the figure(數字)is too small.But so it goes,in one day
people have to feed(喂養)about 250,000 mouths more.
Son:My God!
Father:Just think how many more there will be in one year or in a hundred years? In
fact,1,000 years ago,the world’s population was very small.For several thousand years it grew quite slowly.But during the last three or four hundred years it has grown very quickly.Today it’s still growing faster than ever before.
Son:What does it mean,dad?
Father:This means we should grow more food,and have smaller families with fewer,but
healthier children and we must do it or the results will be very bad.A UN report says the world’s population will pass six billion by the end of this centruy.In about six centuries there will be standing room only on the earth.
Son:Oh,I see.There’s only child in my family.
61. How many babies in a second will be born in the world?_______.
A.One B.Two C.About three C.About four
62. When did the world’s population begin to grow very quickly?
A.Ten thousand years ago. B.Several thousand years ago.
C.Three or four centuries ago. D.At the end of this century.
63. With the growing of the world’s population,what shall we do?_______.
A.We must grow more food only B.We must have families with fewer children.
C.We must look for the new land D.We must kill for the new land.
64. What does it mean about“standing room only”?
A.“No enough space even to stand” B.“A room only for standing”
C.“Space only for anyone else” D.“Space only for standing”
65. Which is the right diagram(圖表)about the world’s population?
D
(China Daily March 3,1998)The biggest shopping centre will open on March 8.Everybody with today’s China Daily will get a small present that day.You are welcome.Telephone:38990688,Address:No,6 Xidan Road…
(ENGLISH NEWSPAPER,March 19)English Newspaper needs a foreign editor.He(She)must have been worked in China for more than two years.British nationlity is necessary.The salary(薪(xin)水)is 100,000 yuan a year.The term is 3 years.In ten days this piece of advertisement will not be useful.Telephone:3890666;Address:No.6 Xinling Road
(CHINA FOOTBALL,February 3,1998)
Shanghai Shenhua Team vs Beijing Guo’an Team
TIME:February 8, Sunday (3:00)
PLACE:Hongkou Stadium
TICKET PRICE:RMB 25 yuan(for adults)
RMB 15 yuan(for students)
NAME:China Cup Football Contest
COACHES:Xu Gengbao,Jin Zhiyang…
66. If the customers have a China Daily of March 3,1998,he(she)will get a small present_______.
A.every day B.from China Daily
C.on March 8,1998 D.on March 3,1998
67. If a British editor has worked in China for 3 years and come to English News Paper office to ask for the job in April,he(she)will_______.
A.get the job B.not get the job
C.be a good editor D.not be useful
68. Where and when will the football match be?
A.In Hongkou Stadium on Sunday. B.In Hongkou Stadium on Febuary 3.
C.In Guo’an on February 8. D.In Shenhua Stadium on February 8.
69. If three adults and six students want to watch the match,the tickets will cost them RMB_______yuan.
A.135 B.165 C.195 D.225
70. Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Xu Gengbao is a coach.
B.The shopping centre is in NO.6 Xidam Road.
C.The telephone number of English News Paper is 3890666
D.The match is between Beijing Team and Guo’an Team.
B）根據對話(hua)內容，從對話(hua)后(hou)的選(xuan)(xuan)項中(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)出能填入(ru)空白處的最(zui)佳答案。
Li Mei:Excuse me.Are you Mr White?
White:Yes,I am.__71__.
Li Mei:Have you lost anything?
White:Let me see.Oh,my wallet is missing.
Li Mei:Look here.__72__.
White:Why,yes,it is.
Li Mei:__73__.
White:Yes,I was sitting there.But how do you know I live in this hotel?
Li Mei:__74__I also found a card of the hotel,and I guessed that’s where you live.
White:You are really a very kind and a clever girl.__75__.
Li Mei:Oh,that’s unnecessary.I’m just a Chinese student.
A.Thank you very much.
B.May I know your name and your address?
C.I found it in the park,under a tree by the lake.
D.What’s the matter?
E.I saw your passport(護照)in the wallet,so I got to know your name.
F.What can I do for you?
G.I have found this wallet and I think it’s yours.
Ⅳ、單(dan)詞拼寫（共10小題）
76.They are having a rest in the s_______of the tree.
77.The f_______wind blew down many trees.
78.The good news s_______all over the town.
79.Yesterday we were caught in a big s_______.
80.To rely on the m_______is our Party’s good tradition.
81.This book is very_______(枯燥無味).
82.The supermarket is on the_______(相(xiang)反(fan)的(de))side of the street.
83.The ruined temple was completely_______(遺(yi)棄(qi)的).
84.The meeting held yesterday is of great_______(重要).
85.On summer evenings people are always chatting in the_______(院子(zi)).
Ⅴ、短文改(gai)錯（共10小題）
此題要(yao)求改正(zheng)所給短文中的錯(cuo)誤。對(dui)標(biao)有題號的每(mei)一行(xing)作出判斷：如無錯(cuo)誤，在(zai)該行(xing)右邊橫線上面劃個鉤（√）；如有錯(cuo)誤（每(mei)行(xing)只有一個錯(cuo)誤），則按下列情況改正(zheng)：
此行多一個(ge)詞：把多余的(de)詞用斜線（/）劃掉，在該行右(you)邊橫(heng)線上寫出(chu)該詞，并也(ye)用斜線劃掉。
此行缺(que)一個詞：在缺(que)詞處加一個漏(lou)字符號（^），在該(gai)行右邊橫(heng)線(xian)上寫出該(gai)加的詞。
此(ci)行錯一(yi)個詞(ci)(ci)：在(zai)錯的詞(ci)(ci)下劃一(yi)橫線(xian)，在(zai)該行右邊橫線(xian)上寫(xie)出改正后的詞(ci)(ci)。
注意：原行(xing)沒有(you)錯的不要改(gai)。
Mr Smith was the farmer.One morning he went to 86._______
Mrs Black’s house to borrow a pan to her.The woman 87._______
lent her to him.That afternoon he went to her with two 88._______
pans.He said the smaller one was the bigger one’s baby. 89._______
The woman didn’t believe it and she was happy.One day 90._______
the farmer lent the pan again.But he didn’t return it to her. 91._______
Two weeks later she had to go out to get it back from him. 92._______
The farmer said her pan was dying.She didn’t think a pan 93._______
could die.He said it could die since it could have baby. 94._______
The woman didn’t know what to tell.Mr Smith said it was 95._______
only a joke and returned the pan to her.
Ⅵ、書面(mian)表達(da)（共(gong)1題）
請你寫一篇題為“The English Language”的短文。
揭示：（1）英語(yu)(yu)是用(yong)得廣泛的語(yu)(yu)言(yan)之(zhi)一；（2）講英語(yu)(yu)的國(guo)家(jia)、人口；（3）英語(yu)(yu)應用(yong)的范(fan)圍(wei)；（4）英語(yu)(yu)是聯(lian)合國(guo)工作語(yu)(yu)言(yan)之(zhi)一。
參考答案
1-10 BDBBC BDDBB 11-20 ACACB CADBA
21-30 BAABC BCABC 31-40 CAABB DABBB
41-50 ADDBA DDDCC 51-60 CCDDD BCCBD
61-70 CCBAD CBABD 71-75 FGCEB
76.shadow 77.fierce 78.spread 79.shower 80.masses 81.dull 82.opposite 83.deserted 84.importance 85.courtyard 86.the-a 87.to her-from her 88.lent her-lent hers 89.√ 90.and-but 91.lent-borrowed 92.去(qu)掉out 93.dying-dead 94.have-have a 95.tell-say
WRITNG (One possible version)
There are thousands of languages in the world.English is one of the languages most widely used.It is spoken by nearly three hundred million people:people in the United States,the United Kingdom.Australia,New Zealand,South Africa and many other countries.As a second language,English is often required in education,foreign trade,information exchange etc,in many non-English-speaking countries.It is also one of the working languages in the United Nations and is more widely used than any other working language.It’s said that 60 percent radio broadcasts are voiced in the English.At international meetings.English is also widely used.English has in fact become one of the most important languages in the world.