供(gong)電公(gong)司(si)電力(li)營銷(xiao)風險防控(kong)措施論文(wen)

　　摘要：供(gong)電(dian)(dian)公司電(dian)(dian)力營(ying)銷存在五(wu)大風險，涉及(ji)業(ye)擴管(guan)(guan)理、經營(ying)操作、電(dian)(dian)費安(an)全、電(dian)(dian)力服務與電(dian)(dian)力市場等五(wu)個方面(mian)，為(wei)了更好地控制(zhi)其風險，本(ben)文結合縣級供(gong)電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)的(de)特點進行分(fen)析與探究，通過組織健全、有效監管(guan)(guan)以(yi)及(ji)制(zhi)度完善等手段，構建其管(guan)(guan)控的(de)內(nei)部體系，并就電(dian)(dian)力營(ying)銷的(de)各個風險逐個給(gei)出了相應的(de)措施(shi)。

　　關鍵詞：電力(li)市場營銷管(guan)理(li)論文

　　一、引言

　　縣級供電企業的(de)電力營銷(xiao)存在諸多風(feng)險(xian)，需要在管(guan)理(li)(li)過(guo)程中一一辨識，并對其(qi)可能(neng)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)的(de)不良(liang)影響進(jin)(jin)行分析，從而將各種風(feng)險(xian)消滅在萌芽狀態，做(zuo)到防微(wei)杜(du)漸。要樹立風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)意識，通(tong)過(guo)制定風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)預案(an)，盡早發現(xian)各種苗頭性的(de)問題，并堅持內外部監督管(guan)理(li)(li)相結合的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)法，從而有(you)(you)效地進(jin)(jin)行風(feng)險(xian)預警(jing)與防控。本文針對縣級供電企業電力營銷(xiao)存在的(de)主要問題，從現(xian)有(you)(you)的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)模式出(chu)(chu)發，就工(gong)作流程、職工(gong)素(su)養、崗位(wei)職責等(deng)方(fang)面，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)具體的(de)防控措施(shi)。

　　二、各種風險的防控措施

　　1.業擴(kuo)管理風險防控

　　（1）加強(qiang)人員的(de)業(ye)務培訓(xun)。操(cao)作人員的(de)業(ye)務技能的(de)提高(gao)可(ke)以有(you)效地降(jiang)低各種風險。所以要定(ding)期定(ding)向地對業(ye)擴(kuo)人員進行(xing)業(ye)務技能擴(kuo)展培訓(xun)。通過(guo)建(jian)立(li)培訓(xun)機制(zhi)體制(zhi)，定(ding)期集中組織各種專題(ti)培訓(xun)，包括(kuo)設(she)計標準與規范、用電(dian)(dian)政策等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)，從而(er)有(you)效避免風險的(de)發生(sheng)。（2）推廣(guang)自(zi)動（輔(fu)助）業(ye)擴(kuo)報(bao)(bao)裝模式。業(ye)擴(kuo)人員如果對電(dian)(dian)網結構以及變化情況(kuang)不了解(jie)，容易導致其提供(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)案(an)(an)存在不合(he)理(li)性，所以在查勘時應(ying)進行(xing)GIS供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)案(an)(an)輔(fu)助制(zhi)定(ding)，實施自(zi)動（輔(fu)助）業(ye)擴(kuo)報(bao)(bao)裝，防(fang)止上(shang)述情況(kuang)的(de)發生(sheng)。（3）嚴格供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)案(an)(an)審批制(zhi)度。健全供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)案(an)(an)分級審批制(zhi)度，對大容量(liang)、多(duo)電(dian)(dian)源供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)等(deng)重要業(ye)擴(kuo)推行(xing)客(ke)戶供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)案(an)(an)會簽制(zhi)度，降(jiang)低業(ye)擴(kuo)報(bao)(bao)裝過(guo)程中供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)案(an)(an)制(zhi)定(ding)不合(he)理(li)或錯(cuo)誤導致的(de)風險。

　　2.經營操(cao)作風險防控

　　（1）抄(chao)(chao)(chao)表(biao)管(guan)理(li)防(fang)(fang)控(kong)。首(shou)(shou)先，在(zai)抄(chao)(chao)(chao)表(biao)方面，由于手(shou)工(gong)抄(chao)(chao)(chao)表(biao)存在(zai)各種問題(ti)，所以(yi)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)手(shou)工(gong)抄(chao)(chao)(chao)表(biao)進(jin)行嚴(yan)格考核。其(qi)次，通(tong)過對(dui)(dui)(dui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)息(xi)采集系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維護提高數據完整率。最(zui)后，要(yao)進(jin)行數據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)核，對(dui)(dui)(dui)各種異常現(xian)象要(yao)進(jin)行嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)篩(shai)選與(yu)反復(fu)審(shen)核。（2）竊(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)險防(fang)(fang)控(kong)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)竊(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)查處(chu)是縣級供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)降低管(guan)理(li)風(feng)(feng)險的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)突破口(kou)。但在(zai)查處(chu)過程中，一定(ding)(ding)要(yao)讓(rang)竊(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)者受到(dao)(dao)應有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懲(cheng)罰，這樣才能起到(dao)(dao)警示(shi)教育(yu)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，同(tong)時(shi)要(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)證(zheng)據確鑿可信(xin)，防(fang)(fang)止在(zai)竊(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處(chu)理(li)過程中產生名種名譽侵權糾(jiu)紛。（3）計量(liang)管(guan)理(li)風(feng)(feng)險防(fang)(fang)控(kong)。確定(ding)(ding)計量(liang)裝(zhuang)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正確以(yi)及(ji)計量(liang)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常，才能避免不必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)。現(xian)場(chang)作業(ye)(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)依據工(gong)作規程認真操(cao)作，準確及(ji)時(shi)地保(bao)(bao)存現(xian)場(chang)證(zheng)據。（4）對(dui)(dui)(dui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險防(fang)(fang)控(kong)，主要(yao)從以(yi)下幾個方面來實現(xian)。首(shou)(shou)先，組建(jian)安全用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)作網(wang)，構建(jian)風(feng)(feng)險管(guan)控(kong)體(ti)系，由政府和供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部門主導，企業(ye)(ye)參與(yu)，共同(tong)協防(fang)(fang)；其(qi)次，建(jian)立信(xin)息(xi)發布平臺，及(ji)時(shi)發布安全用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術與(yu)管(guan)理(li)經驗方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)習信(xin)息(xi)；第三(san)，根據企業(ye)(ye)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特點與(yu)性質(zhi)，建(jian)立風(feng)(feng)險預案(an)和風(feng)(feng)險管(guan)控(kong)操(cao)作手(shou)冊；第四，開展專項整治活動(dong)，提高用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶安全用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平；最(zui)后，推廣(guang)優化(hua)(hua)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，通(tong)過對(dui)(dui)(dui)優化(hua)(hua)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)講解和培訓，提高用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶對(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費構成因素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了解，以(yi)及(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。（5）信(xin)息(xi)系統安全風(feng)(feng)險防(fang)(fang)控(kong)。通(tong)過以(yi)下三(san)種方式(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)信(xin)息(xi)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全風(feng)(feng)險進(jin)行防(fang)(fang)控(kong)。首(shou)(shou)先，為防(fang)(fang)止口(kou)令濫用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象，要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶密碼(ma)管(guan)理(li)，確保(bao)(bao)崗盡其(qi)職。其(qi)次，加(jia)強(qiang)教育(yu)工(gong)作，提高員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)密意(yi)識。最(zui)后，加(jia)大人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作培訓教育(yu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)因操(cao)作不當引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數據損失(shi)要(yao)追(zhui)究其(qi)責任，以(yi)防(fang)(fang)止類(lei)似事件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)再次發生。

　　3.電費安(an)全風(feng)險(xian)防控

　　（1）電(dian)費(fei)回收(shou)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)防控(kong)(kong)(kong)。主(zhu)要從以下三個(ge)(ge)方面來實現(xian)。首(shou)先，要建(jian)立(li)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管控(kong)(kong)(kong)團隊。針對(dui)電(dian)費(fei)回收(shou)過(guo)程中(zhong)出現(xian)的(de)(de)各種問題(ti)，采取措施(shi)開展(zhan)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評價研究活動，研究制定(ding)(ding)出相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)管控(kong)(kong)(kong)制度(du)，提(ti)出問題(ti)的(de)(de)解決方法(fa)。其次(ci)，對(dui)于欠費(fei)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)上報(bao)與(yu)發(fa)布問題(ti)，相(xiang)(xiang)關的(de)(de)電(dian)費(fei)核算部(bu)門(men)要依據(ju)抄表(biao)人員所反應(ying)的(de)(de)情況，進行(xing)(xing)(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)事(shi)件(jian)的(de)(de)排(pai)查與(yu)核實，確定(ding)(ding)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)事(shi)件(jian)的(de)(de)發(fa)生等(deng)級，發(fa)布后上報(bao)公司進行(xing)(xing)(xing)系(xi)統備案。最后，針對(dui)不(bu)同級別(bie)的(de)(de)事(shi)件(jian)，建(jian)立(li)相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)應(ying)對(dui)預案，可采用預付(fu)費(fei)、中(zhong)止供電(dian)等(deng)措施(shi)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)。（2）電(dian)費(fei)賬務管理(li)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)防控(kong)(kong)(kong)。主(zhu)要從以下三個(ge)(ge)方面來實現(xian)。首(shou)先，要對(dui)票據(ju)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)規(gui)范(fan)化(hua)管理(li)，落(luo)實專(zhuan)人負責(ze)制度(du)，嚴(yan)格票據(ju)的(de)(de)領取、入(ru)庫、發(fa)放和清繳程序。其次(ci)，規(gui)范(fan)電(dian)費(fei)的(de)(de)臺(tai)賬管理(li)，確保臺(tai)賬記錄的(de)(de)完整性與(yu)準(zhun)確性。最后，加強(qiang)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)代收(shou)對(dui)賬管理(li)。要建(jian)立(li)電(dian)費(fei)對(dui)賬機(ji)制，對(dui)供電(dian)企(qi)業和銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)收(shou)費(fei)數據(ju)要確保及(ji)時和準(zhun)確地(di)核對(dui)。

　　4.電力服(fu)務(wu)風(feng)險防(fang)控

　　（1）建(jian)立(li)(li)投(tou)(tou)(tou)訴(su)管控(kong)。建(jian)立(li)(li)管控(kong)團隊(dui)，制定(ding)相應的(de)(de)(de)管理流程，對(dui)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題要做到(dao)準確判斷(duan)責任歸屬，同時(shi)督促相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)部門進(jin)行(xing)切(qie)實的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)改和完(wan)善。（2）投(tou)(tou)(tou)訴(su)預(yu)警(jing)。對(dui)可(ke)能出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題要進(jin)行(xing)預(yu)警(jing)。建(jian)立(li)(li)業(ye)務工(gong)單處理時(shi)限預(yu)警(jing)、敏感工(gong)單預(yu)警(jing)、投(tou)(tou)(tou)訴(su)預(yu)警(jing)和約(yue)時(shi)處理工(gong)單到(dao)期預(yu)警(jing)“四(si)預(yu)警(jing)”機制，實現(xian)對(dui)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)聯控(kong)和聯防。（3）投(tou)(tou)(tou)訴(su)分(fen)析。定(ding)期召(zhao)開診(zhen)斷(duan)會議。對(dui)之前出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題進(jin)行(xing)診(zhen)斷(duan)分(fen)析后(hou)，確定(ding)原因，明(ming)確責任歸屬并建(jian)立(li)(li)整(zheng)頓建(jian)議，將(jiang)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施實施到(dao)底(di)。（4）投(tou)(tou)(tou)訴(su)考(kao)評(ping)。制定(ding)投(tou)(tou)(tou)訴(su)考(kao)核辦(ban)法，每個階段結(jie)合相關(guan)專業(ye)會議，召(zhao)開聯合通報例(li)會。

　　5.電力市(shi)場風(feng)險防控

　　（1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供需矛盾風險(xian)防(fang)控(kong)。為防(fang)控(kong)可(ke)能出現的供需危險(xian)，要從以(yi)下四個方(fang)面進(jin)行(xing)協防(fang)。第一，建立(li)結構合理，同(tong)時(shi)可(ke)以(yi)滿足當地經濟社會發展需要的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)系統。第二，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)要進(jin)行(xing)及(ji)時(shi)改(gai)造與運(yun)營(ying)維(wei)護。第三，要進(jin)行(xing)科學調度，確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)可(ke)靠運(yun)行(xing)，合理安排其運(yun)行(xing)方(fang)式。第四，精心編(bian)制有序用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)案。（2）售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市(shi)場開(kai)放風險(xian)防(fang)控(kong)。售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市(shi)場的開(kai)放性，決定了供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公司要維(wei)護其市(shi)場主(zhu)導地位，必(bi)須提(ti)高服務質(zhi)量，不斷滿足客(ke)戶(hu)的需求，以(yi)客(ke)戶(hu)為導向，簡化流程，提(ti)高效率(lv)，不斷擴展市(shi)場，維(wei)護好客(ke)戶(hu)的利益。（3）能源替代風險(xian)防(fang)控(kong)。大力(li)推廣以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)代煤、以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)代氣項目(mu)，節(jie)約(yue)能源。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)領域，出臺(tai)相(xiang)應的稅收(shou)優惠，做好配套供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實施建設。加(jia)大宣傳，推廣家庭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化，在城郊和農村推廣煤改(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　三、結論

　　本文針對(dui)縣級供電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)存在的營(ying)銷(xiao)風(feng)險點(dian)，提(ti)出了(le)相(xiang)應的風(feng)險防控措施(shi)。重點(dian)就供用電(dian)(dian)合同管(guan)理、電(dian)(dian)費回收、業(ye)擴管(guan)理、優質服務等方面的風(feng)險防控提(ti)出了(le)合理化建議，為(wei)縣級供電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)電(dian)(dian)力營(ying)銷(xiao)風(feng)險防控工作提(ti)供了(le)參考。

　　參考文獻

　　[1]楊志英(ying).淺談電力市場營銷管理化[J].現代經濟信(xin)息，2011，4（4）：90.

　　[2]蔣世建.供電(dian)企業(ye)電(dian)費回收風險與控制[J].國家電(dian)網，2009，31（8）：28-32.

　　[3]陳(chen)曉芳.應(ying)收賬款風險管控探析[J].現(xian)代商貿工業，2009，21（12）：25-28.

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