建筑專業的實習報告

時(shi)間：2022-05-06 09:45:50 實習報告我要投稿

建筑(zhu)專業的實習(xi)報(bao)告模板匯編6篇

　　在學習、工作生(sheng)活中，我們都(dou)不可避免(mian)地要接觸到報(bao)告(gao)，報(bao)告(gao)具(ju)有(you)雙向溝通(tong)性的(de)特點。相信許(xu)多人(ren)會覺得(de)報(bao)告(gao)很(hen)難寫(xie)吧，以下(xia)是小編為大家收集的(de)建筑專業(ye)的(de)實習報(bao)告(gao)6篇，希望對大家有(you)所幫助。

建筑專業的實習報告模板匯編6篇

建筑專業的實習報告篇1

　　我在(zai)(zai)進行(xing)了兩年半的(de)(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)知(zhi)識積(ji)累之(zhi)后(hou),深知(zhi)自己要(yao)(yao)(yao)有一(yi)個(ge)踏入社會，必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)過程,也就(jiu)是理(li)論(lun)與(yu)實踐(jian)的(de)(de)(de)結合,特(te)別是對與(yu)建筑(zhu)這(zhe)種實踐(jian)性能非常強的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)門學科(ke)更要(yao)(yao)(yao)強調實際(ji)操作技能的(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養。而(er)且這(zhe)門學科(ke)在(zai)(zai)很大程度(du)上與(yu)書(shu)本有一(yi)定(ding)程度(du)的(de)(de)(de)差異,在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)次實習(xi)中(zhong)能使我們所(suo)掌握的(de)(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)知(zhi)識得以升華,把(ba)理(li)論(lun)與(yu)實踐(jian)找(zhao)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)個(ge)最好的(de)(de)(de)切入點,為我所(suo)用。所(suo)以就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有一(yi)個(ge)將(jiang)理(li)論(lun)與(yu)實踐(jian)相融合的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會。在(zai)(zai)實習(xi)中(zhong)可以得到(dao)(dao)一(yi)些只有實踐(jian)中(zhong)才能得到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu),為我們以后(hou)參加(jia)工(gong)作打好基礎,這(zhe)就(jiu)是這(zhe)次實習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)。

　　中專的第(di)二學(xue)期一開學(xue),老師布置完任務后(hou),我就開始了自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)的實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)生活。雖然時間不是(shi)很長,但是(shi)我卻(que)知(zhi)道這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)次(ci)(ci)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)的重要(yao)性,因為這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)次(ci)(ci)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)是(shi)我們認識(shi)專業的一個窗口,同時又是(shi)擇業,社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)交往(wang)乃至(zhi)認識(shi)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的第(di)一次(ci)(ci)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)(hui),所以我決定,在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)次(ci)(ci)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)生活中,嚴格的要(yao)求自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji),并虛心向各(ge)位師傅請教,讓(rang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)通過這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)次(ci)(ci)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi),確實(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)到一些東西(xi),減(jian)少(shao)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)將(jiang)來踏入社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的一些盲(mang)目性,讓(rang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)在(zai)今后(hou)的工(gong)作道路中能夠走的更自(zi)(zi)(zi)信(xin)。

　　在(zai)這次(ci)實習中我(wo)了解了施(shi)工現場所用的一些建筑材料基本性(xing)能檢測(ce):

　　1.水泥性能檢(jian)測

　　1)物(wu)理檢測項目及方(fang)法:密度(du)(du)(李氏(shi)瓶法)、比表(biao)面積(勃氏(shi)法)、細度(du)(du)(篩(shai)析法)、水泥標準稠度(du)(du)用水量(liang)、凝結(jie)時間、安定性(飾餅沸煮法)、水泥膠(jiao)砂強度(du)(du)(iso法)、流動度(du)(du)。

　　2)化學(xue)檢測(ce)項目:燒失量、二(er)氧(yang)化硅(gui)、三(san)氧(yang)化二(er)鐵、三(san)氧(yang)化二(er)鋁(lv)、氧(yang)化鈣、氧(yang)化鎂、不溶物(wu)、三(san)氧(yang)化硫、氧(yang)化鉀、氧(yang)化鈉。

　　3)廢(fei)品:凡氧(yang)化鎂、三氧(yang)化硫、初凝(ning)時間、安定(ding)性中任(ren)意一項不符合標準規定(ding)時,均為廢(fei)品。

　　4)不(bu)合(he)格(ge)品(pin):凡細度、終凝時間、不(bu)溶物和(he)燒失量中的任意一項(xiang)不(bu)符合(he)標準規定或(huo)混(hun)合(he)材(cai)料參加量超過最大(da)限(xian)量和(he)強度低于商品(pin)強度等(deng)(deng)級(ji)的指標時為不(bu)合(he)格(ge),水泥包裝標志中水泥品(pin)種、強度等(deng)(deng)級(ji)、生(sheng)產者名稱和(he)出(chu)廠編號不(bu)全也屬于不(bu)合(he)格(ge)品(pin)。

　　2.金屬材料(liao)(鋼筋)

　　鋼筋種類(lei)很多,通常按(an)化學成(cheng)分(fen)、機械性能、生產工藝等進行(xing)分(fen)類(lei)。

　　(一)、按化學成分分

　　碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)素(su)(su)(su)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)和(he)普通(tong)低(di)(di)合(he)金鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)。碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)素(su)(su)(su)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)按(an)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)多(duo)少(shao),又分為低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(含碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)低(di)(di)于(yu)25%),中(zhong)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(含碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)0.25%~0.7%,),高碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(含碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)0.70%~1.4%),碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)素(su)(su)(su)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)中(zhong)除含有(you)(you)(you)鐵(tie)和(he)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)外,還有(you)(you)(you)少(shao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)冶煉過程中(zhong)帶有(you)(you)(you)的(de)硅、錳(meng)、磷、硫等(deng)雜質。普通(tong)低(di)(di)合(he)金鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)是(shi)在(zai)低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)和(he)中(zhong)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)中(zhong)加(jia)入少(shao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)合(he)金無(wu)素(su)(su)(su),獲得強度高和(he)綜合(he)性能好的(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)種,在(zai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)中(zhong)常用的(de)合(he)金元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)有(you)(you)(you)硅、錳(meng)、釩、鈦等(deng),

　　(二)、按機械性能分

　　鋼(gang)(gang)筋混凝(ning)土(tu)結構(gou)用(yong)熱軋(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)筋,過去大(da)都采用(yong)碳鋼(gang)(gang)。隨著(zhu)普通低合金鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)發展,現行(xing)熱軋(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)筋,除了碳鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)3號鋼(gang)(gang)外,全為普通低合金鋼(gang)(gang)。按機械性能把鋼(gang)(gang)筋分為四級:

　　ⅰ級(ji)(ji)鋼筋(jin)(jin)-235/370級(ji)(ji)ⅱ級(ji)(ji)鋼筋(jin)(jin)-335/510級(ji)(ji)ⅲ級(ji)(ji)鋼筋(jin)(jin)-370/570ⅳ級(ji)(ji)鋼筋(jin)(jin)-540/835級(ji)(ji)

　　分子是(shi)屈服(fu)強度,分母是(shi)抗拉強度,單位(wei)是(shi)mpa。

　　鋼筋的(de)機械(xie)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)通過(guo)試驗來(lai)測定,微量鋼筋質量標(biao)準的(de)機械(xie)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)有(you)屈服點、抗拉強度、伸長率,冷彎(wan)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)等指標(biao)。

　　1)屈(qu)服(fu)點(dian):當鋼(gang)(gang)筋的應(ying)力(li)(li)超過(guo)屈(qu)服(fu)點(dian)以(yi)后(hou),拉力(li)(li)不(bu)增(zeng)加(jia)而變形(xing)卻(que)顯著增(zeng)加(jia),將產生較大的殘余變形(xing)時(shi),以(yi)這時(shi)的拉力(li)(li)值(zhi)除以(yi)鋼(gang)(gang)筋的截面積所得到的鋼(gang)(gang)筋單(dan)位面積所承擔(dan)的拉力(li)(li)值(zhi),就(jiu)是屈(qu)服(fu)點(dian)。

　　2)抗拉強(qiang)度:抗拉強(qiang)度就是以鋼筋被(bei)拉斷前(qian)所能承擔的最大拉力值除以鋼筋截面積所得的拉力值,抗拉強(qiang)度又稱(cheng)為極(ji)限強(qiang)度。

　　3)伸(shen)長率:伸(shen)長率是(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力一(yi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變曲線中試件被拉斷(duan)時(shi)的最大應(ying)(ying)(ying)變值,又稱延伸(shen)率,它是(shi)衡量鋼(gang)筋塑(su)性的一(yi)個指標,與抗拉強度一(yi)樣,也(ye)是(shi)鋼(gang)筋機械性能(neng)中必不可少的保證項目。

　　4)冷彎性能:冷彎性能是指鋼筋在(zai)經冷加工(即常溫下(xia)加工)產生塑(su)性變形時,對產生裂縫的抵抗(kang)能力。

　　(三)、按生產工藝及軋制外形分

　　鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)混凝(ning)土用鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)分(fen)為(wei)熱(re)軋(ya)帶肋鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)、余熱(re)處理鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)、熱(re)軋(ya)光圓(yuan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)和普通低碳鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)熱(re)軋(ya)圓(yuan)盤條。

建筑專業的實習報告篇2

　　根據學校(xiao)安排我(wo)于XX年(nian)6月(yue)25日到武漢(han)第四建(jian)筑公司(si)武漢(han)國企項目(mu)部進行(xing)建(jian)筑施工實習，這是一個(ge)讓(rang)我(wo)了解施工現場的(de)好機(ji)會，讓(rang)我(wo)更深一步的(de)了解理(li)論與(yu)實際的(de)差(cha)別。

　　一：工(gong)程(cheng)簡介本工(gong)程(cheng)是(shi)武漢(han)市(shi)東湖(hu)高興(xing)國企投(tou)資公(gong)司開發的單身(shen)公(gong)寓樓，承建單位是(shi)武漢(han)第四建筑公(gong)司，分別(bie)是(shi)五號和六號樓，及高爾夫(fu)球健身(shen)樓，地(di)基由(you)哮感第四樁基公(gong)司承建。由(you)北京威斯頓設(she)計院設(she)計。采用框(kuang)架剪(jian)力墻(qiang)結構(gou)，柱(zhu)子為(wei)異性柱(zhu)。面積(ji)為(wei)13000平方(fang)米(mi)，由(you)3棟(dong)樓組(zu)成(cheng)的商住樓，現(xian)澆鋼筋混泥(ni)土六層框(kuang)剪(jian)結構(gou)。

　　二實(shi)習(xi)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)：木(mu)工(gong)(gong)）模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種類(lei)(lei)及(ji)(ji)制(zhi)作方(fang)(fang)法(fa)；）各(ge)(ge)種結構(gou)(gou)模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量標準(zhun)；）現澆(jiao)結構(gou)(gou)模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量標準(zhun)；）現澆(jiao)結構(gou)(gou)模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)拆除(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間和順序；）模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)拆除(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)注意(yi)事項(xiang)；）模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清理(li)(li)，堆放和維修的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)及(ji)(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)；：鋼筋(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)）鋼筋(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種類(lei)(lei)及(ji)(ji)外形特征(zheng)；）鋼筋(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)接方(fang)(fang)法(fa)及(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)量要(yao)求(qiu)；）鋼筋(jin)(jin)冷加工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)及(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)藝；）鋼筋(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綁扎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)及(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)量要(yao)求(qiu)；）鋼筋(jin)(jin)綁扎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)搭(da)接長度要(yao)求(qiu)；）各(ge)(ge)種構(gou)(gou)件保護層厚度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)；）掌(zhang)握隱蔽工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)記錄(lu)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)及(ji)(ji)主要(yao)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)；混(hun)泥(ni)(ni)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)）攪拌機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種類(lei)(lei)，規格(ge)，拌和的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理(li)(li)；）震(zhen)動器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種類(lei)(lei)，適(shi)用范圍；）施工(gong)(gong)配(pei)合(he)比的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換算及(ji)(ji)標志(zhi)牌(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)；）施工(gong)(gong)縫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)留設(she)及(ji)(ji)其處理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)；）混(hun)泥(ni)(ni)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)護方(fang)(fang)法(fa)及(ji)(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)；）混(hun)泥(ni)(ni)土(tu)表(biao)面缺陷產生(sheng)原因及(ji)(ji)預(yu)防處理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)；）混(hun)泥(ni)(ni)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量檢(jian)查內(nei)(nei)容(rong)；三收獲與體(ti)會首先說實(shi)習(xi)對我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)來說是個既熟悉(xi)又陌生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字眼，因為我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)十幾年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)生(sheng)生(sheng)涯也經歷過(guo)很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)習(xi)，但(dan)這次卻又是那(nei)么的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)與眾不同(tong)。他將全面檢(jian)驗我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)各(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力：學(xue)習(xi)、生(sheng)活(huo)、心(xin)理(li)(li)、身體(ti)、思想等等。就像是一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)試金石，檢(jian)驗我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)能否將所學(xue)理(li)(li)論知(zhi)識用到(dao)實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)去。關系到(dao)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)將來能否順利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立足于這個充滿挑戰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會，也是我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)建(jian)立信心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵所在(zai)，所以，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)對它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投入也是百分之百的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)！緊張的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個月的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)習(xi)生(sheng)活(huo)結束了，在(zai)這一(yi)(yi)個多(duo)月里我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)還是有(you)不少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收獲。

　　實習結束后有必(bi)要好好總(zong)結一(yi)下。首先，通過(guo)一(yi)個多月的(de)(de)實習，通過(guo)實踐(jian)，使我(wo)學(xue)到了很(hen)多實踐(jian)知(zhi)(zhi)識。所(suo)謂實踐(jian)是(shi)(shi)檢驗真理的(de)(de)唯一(yi)標(biao)準，通過(guo)旁(pang)站，使我(wo)近(jin)距離的(de)(de)觀察了整個房屋的(de)(de)建(jian)造過(guo)程，學(xue)到了很(hen)多很(hen)適用(yong)的(de)(de)具(ju)體的(de)(de)施工知(zhi)(zhi)識，這些知(zhi)(zhi)識往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)在學(xue)校很(hen)少接觸，很(hen)少注意的(de)(de)，但(dan)又是(shi)(shi)十分重(zhong)要基(ji)礎的(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)識。

　　比(bi)如說(shuo)混泥土的(de)裂(lie)縫原因及處里這是一個很(hen)復雜的(de)問題，那(nei)我就說(shuo)說(shuo)我的(de)見解吧：

　　裂(lie)縫的原因(yin)混凝土(tu)中產生(sheng)裂(lie)縫有多(duo)種原因(yin)，主要是溫度(du)(du)和濕度(du)(du)的變化，混凝土(tu)的脆性和不(bu)均勻性，以及結(jie)構不(bu)合理，原材料(liao)不(bu)合格（如堿骨料(liao)反應(ying)），模板(ban)變形(xing)，基礎不(bu)均勻沉降等(deng)。

　　混凝土硬化期間水泥(ni)放(fang)出(chu)大(da)量水化熱，內部溫度(du)不斷上升，在(zai)表面引(yin)起(qi)拉應力。

　　后期(qi)在(zai)(zai)降溫(wen)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，由(you)(you)于(yu)受到基礎或老混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)上的(de)(de)約束(shu)，又會(hui)在(zai)(zai)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土內(nei)(nei)部出(chu)現(xian)拉應(ying)(ying)力(li)。氣溫(wen)的(de)(de)降低也會(hui)在(zai)(zai)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土表(biao)面(mian)引(yin)起(qi)很(hen)大的(de)(de)拉應(ying)(ying)力(li)。當這些拉應(ying)(ying)力(li)超出(chu)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土的(de)(de)抗裂能(neng)力(li)時(shi)(shi)，即會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)裂縫。許多混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)部濕度(du)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)很(hen)小或變(bian)化(hua)(hua)較慢，但表(biao)面(mian)濕度(du)可能(neng)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)較大或發生劇烈變(bian)化(hua)(hua)。如養護不(bu)(bu)周、時(shi)(shi)干時(shi)(shi)濕，表(biao)面(mian)干縮(suo)形變(bian)受到內(nei)(nei)部混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土的(de)(de)約束(shu)，也往往導致裂縫。混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土是(shi)一種脆性(xing)材料(liao)(liao)，抗拉強度(du)是(shi)抗壓強度(du)的(de)(de)1／10左右(you)，短期(qi)加(jia)荷時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)極限拉伸變(bian)形只(zhi)有（0.6～1.0）×104，長期(qi)加(jia)荷時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)極限位伸變(bian)形也只(zhi)有（1.2～2.0）×104.由(you)(you)于(yu)原材料(liao)(liao)不(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)，水灰比(bi)不(bu)(bu)穩定，及運輸和澆筑過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)離(li)析現(xian)象，在(zai)(zai)同一塊混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土中(zhong)其抗拉強度(du)又是(shi)不(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)(de)，存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著許多抗拉能(neng)力(li)很(hen)低，易于(yu)出(chu)現(xian)裂縫的(de)(de)薄弱部位。在(zai)(zai)鋼(gang)(gang)筋混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土中(zhong)，拉應(ying)(ying)力(li)主要是(shi)由(you)(you)鋼(gang)(gang)筋承(cheng)擔(dan)，混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土只(zhi)是(shi)承(cheng)受壓應(ying)(ying)力(li)。

　　在素混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)內或鋼筋混(hun)(hun)凝上的(de)邊緣部(bu)位(wei)如果結構(gou)內出現了拉(la)應力(li)(li)，則須依靠混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)自身承擔。一般設計(ji)中均(jun)要求不出現拉(la)應力(li)(li)或者只出現很小的(de)拉(la)應力(li)(li)。但是(shi)在施工(gong)中混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)由最高溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)冷卻到運轉時(shi)期的(de)穩(wen)定溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)，往(wang)往(wang)在混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)內部(bu)引起(qi)相當大的(de)拉(la)應力(li)(li)。有(you)時(shi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)應力(li)(li)可超過其它外荷載所(suo)引起(qi)的(de)應力(li)(li)，因此掌(zhang)握溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)應力(li)(li)的(de)變化規律對于進行合理的(de)結構(gou)設計(ji)和施工(gong)極為重要。

　　溫度(du)應力的分(fen)析(xi)根據(ju)溫度(du)應力的形成(cheng)過(guo)程可分(fen)為(wei)以下三個階段：

　　（1）早期：自澆(jiao)筑(zhu)混凝土(tu)開始至水泥放(fang)熱基本結(jie)束，一般約30天。這個(ge)階段的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)特征，一是水泥放(fang)出大量的(de)(de)(de)水化(hua)熱，二是混凝上彈(dan)(dan)性模量的(de)(de)(de)急劇變(bian)化(hua)。由于彈(dan)(dan)性模量的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，這一時期在混凝土(tu)內形成殘余應(ying)力。

　　（2）中期：自水泥(ni)放熱作用(yong)基本結束時起至混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土冷(leng)卻到穩定溫(wen)(wen)度(du)時止，這(zhe)個時期中，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)應力主要(yao)是由于(yu)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土的冷(leng)卻及(ji)外界氣溫(wen)(wen)變化(hua)所引起，這(zhe)些應力與早(zao)期形成的殘余(yu)應力相疊加，在(zai)此期間混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)上的彈性模(mo)量變化(hua)不(bu)大。

　　（3）晚期(qi)：混凝土完(wan)全冷卻以(yi)后的運轉時(shi)期(qi)。溫(wen)度應(ying)力主(zhu)要是外界(jie)氣溫(wen)變(bian)化所(suo)引起，這些應(ying)力與前兩種的殘余應(ying)力相迭加。

　　根據溫度應力引起的(de)原(yuan)因可分為兩類：

　　（1）自(zi)生應(ying)力(li)：邊界上沒有任何(he)約束(shu)或完全靜止的(de)(de)結構(gou)，如果內(nei)(nei)部溫度(du)是非線(xian)性分布的(de)(de)，由于(yu)結構(gou)本身互相約束(shu)而(er)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)溫度(du)應(ying)力(li)。例(li)如，橋梁墩身，結構(gou)尺寸相對(dui)較大，混凝(ning)土(tu)冷(leng)卻時表面(mian)溫度(du)低，內(nei)(nei)部溫度(du)高，在表面(mian)出(chu)現(xian)拉應(ying)力(li)，在中間出(chu)現(xian)壓應(ying)力(li)。

　　（2）約束(shu)應(ying)力：結(jie)構的全部(bu)或部(bu)分邊界受到外界的約束(shu)，不能自由變形而引起的應(ying)力。如箱(xiang)梁頂板混凝土和護(hu)欄混凝土。

　　這兩種溫(wen)度(du)應(ying)力(li)往往和混凝(ning)土(tu)的干(gan)縮所引起(qi)的應(ying)力(li)共同作(zuo)用。

　　要(yao)想根據已知的(de)溫(wen)度準(zhun)確分析出溫(wen)度應力的(de)分布、大小是一(yi)項比較(jiao)復雜的(de)工作(zuo)。

　　在大(da)多數(shu)情況(kuang)下(xia)，需要(yao)依靠模型(xing)試驗或數(shu)值計(ji)算。混凝土(tu)的(de)徐變(bian)使溫(wen)(wen)度(du)應(ying)力有相當大(da)的(de)松馳，計(ji)算溫(wen)(wen)度(du)應(ying)力時(shi)，必須考慮(lv)徐變(bian)的(de)影響，具(ju)體計(ji)算這里就不(bu)再(zai)細(xi)述。

　　溫(wen)度(du)的(de)控制(zhi)和防(fang)止(zhi)裂縫的(de)措(cuo)施為了防(fang)止(zhi)裂縫，減輕(qing)溫(wen)度(du)應(ying)力可以從控制(zhi)溫(wen)度(du)和改善約束條件兩(liang)個方面著手。

　　控制(zhi)溫度的措施(shi)如下：

　　（1）采(cai)用改善骨料(liao)級(ji)配，用干硬性混凝土(tu)，摻混合料(liao)，加引(yin)氣劑或塑(su)化劑等措施以減少混凝土(tu)中(zhong)的水泥用量；

　　（2）拌(ban)合(he)混凝(ning)土(tu)時加水或用水將碎石冷卻以(yi)降低混凝(ning)土(tu)的澆(jiao)筑溫度；

　　（3）熱(re)(re)天(tian)澆(jiao)筑混(hun)凝土時減(jian)少(shao)澆(jiao)筑厚度，利用澆(jiao)筑層面散熱(re)(re)；

　　（4）在(zai)混凝土中埋(mai)設水管，通入冷水降溫；

　　（5）規定合理(li)的拆模時(shi)間，氣溫驟降時(shi)進行表面保溫，以(yi)免混凝土表面發生急劇的溫度(du)梯(ti)度(du)；

　　（6）施(shi)(shi)工中(zhong)長期暴(bao)露的(de)混凝土澆筑塊表面或薄壁結構，在寒冷季(ji)節采取保溫(wen)措施(shi)(shi)；改善約束條件的(de)措施(shi)(shi)是：

　　（1）合理地分縫分塊；

　　（2）避免基礎過大起伏；

　　（3）合理的安排施工(gong)工(gong)序，避免過(guo)大(da)的高(gao)差和側面長期(qi)暴露(lu)；

　　此外(wai)，改善混凝土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)性(xing)能，提高抗(kang)裂(lie)能力，加強養(yang)護，防(fang)止表面干縮(suo)，特別是保證混凝土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)質量對(dui)防(fang)止裂(lie)縫(feng)是十分重要，應特別注意避免產生貫穿裂(lie)縫(feng)，出現(xian)后要恢(hui)復其結構的(de)(de)整體(ti)性(xing)是十分困難的(de)(de)，因此施工中應以(yi)預防(fang)貫穿性(xing)裂(lie)縫(feng)的(de)(de)發(fa)生為主(zhu)。

建筑專業的實習報告篇3

　　自就學(xue)于(yu)天津大(da)學(xue)，開始學(xue)習建筑裝飾技術這(zhe)一專業(ye)以來(lai)也已(yi)經有兩(liang)年了(le)，為了(le)更好(hao)的(de)掌(zhang)握這(zhe)兩(liang)年來(lai)所(suo)學(xue)的(de)專業(ye)知識和(he)能夠將這(zhe)些知識融(rong)會貫通(tong)于(yu)實際工(gong)作中應用這(zhe)些知識，我們班的(de)同(tong)學(xue)進行了(le)將近三個(ge)月的(de)生產實習。

　　在(zai)(zai)這三個月的(de)(de)生產(chan)實(shi)習的(de)(de)實(shi)際實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)，不(bu)但讓(rang)我對建(jian)筑裝飾(shi)技(ji)術這門專業有了(le)(le)(le)更(geng)(geng)深刻的(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)解，也有了(le)(le)(le)不(bu)少新的(de)(de)認識(shi)。在(zai)(zai)生產(chan)實(shi)踐(jian)的(de)(de)這段日子里，我在(zai)(zai)現場的(de)(de)工作不(bu)僅使我在(zai)(zai)學(xue)(xue)校課堂上學(xue)(xue)習的(de)(de)“書本上”的(de)(de)知識(shi)有了(le)(le)(le)更(geng)(geng)深、更(geng)(geng)新的(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)解與(yu)認識(shi)，而且還(huan)讓(rang)我學(xue)(xue)習到了(le)(le)(le)許多不(bu)可(ke)能在(zai)(zai)學(xue)(xue)校里學(xue)(xue)習與(yu)認識(shi)到的(de)(de)關于人與(yu)事的(de)(de)社會經(jing)驗。

　　建筑裝飾項目的施工組織與管理

　　在(zai)施工現(xian)場(chang)的(de)(de)生產實(shi)習(xi)生活，雖然能夠學(xue)習(xi)到(dao)(dao)不少(shao)新(xin)的(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)和知(zhi)道許(xu)多我說不知(zhi)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)事，但并(bing)不是(shi)每天都(dou)有特別的(de)(de)是(shi)發生或是(shi)有機會學(xue)到(dao)(dao)新(xin)鮮的(de)(de)事物與知(zhi)識(shi)的(de)(de)。大部分在(zai)施工現(xian)場(chang)的(de)(de)實(shi)習(xi)生活，是(shi)用(yong)在(zai)將我在(zai)課堂上學(xue)習(xi)的(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)的(de)(de)深化鞏固并(bing)使(shi)(shi)其(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)化的(de)(de)學(xue)習(xi)實(shi)踐過程。是(shi)將我所已經掌(zhang)握的(de)(de)建(jian)筑裝飾技術(shu)的(de)(de)相關知(zhi)識(shi)用(yong)于實(shi)踐，在(zai)施工現(xian)場(chang)體驗作為一名施工管理與組織者(zhe)的(de)(de)現(xian)場(chang)實(shi)際經驗。

　　所謂(wei)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)指為(wei)了(le)達到項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)目(mu)(mu)標，對項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)策劃(hua)（規劃(hua)、計劃(hua)）、組(zu)織、控制、協調、監督的(de)總稱。項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)對象是(shi)(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，而項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)者應(ying)是(shi)(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)中各項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)活(huo)動主(zhu)體(ti)本(ben)身(shen)。項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)職能同所有(you)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)職能均是(shi)(shi)相同的(de)。同時，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)特殊性(xing)帶來(lai)了(le)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)復雜性(xing)和艱巨性(xing)，要求按照科學(xue)的(de)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)、方(fang)法和手段進(jin)行(xing)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，特別是(shi)(shi)要用(yong)系統工程概(gai)念、理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)和方(fang)法進(jin)行(xing)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)保證項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)目(mu)(mu)標的(de)順利完成。

　　項目管理有一下特征：

　　每(mei)個項(xiang)目的管理(li)都有自己特定的管理(li)程序和(he)管理(li)步驟。

　　項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)是項(xiang)目(mu)經理(li)為中心(xin)的管(guan)(guan)理(li)。

　　項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理使用現代管(guan)理方(fang)法和技術(shu)手段。

　　項目管理(li)應實(shi)施動態管理(li)。

　　而(er)其(qi)(qi)中建(jian)筑裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾施工的(de)工程項(xiang)目管(guan)理也(ye)是(shi)項(xiang)目管(guan)理的(de)一類(lei)，是(shi)對建(jian)筑裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾施工活動進行的(de)有效的(de)計(ji)劃、組(zu)織、指(zhi)揮(hui)、協調、控(kong)(kong)制，從(cong)而(er)保證(zheng)建(jian)筑裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾施工的(de)順利進行，實現項(xiang)目的(de)特定(ding)目標。其(qi)(qi)重(zhong)要只能(neng)有：計(ji)劃職(zhi)能(neng)、組(zu)織職(zhi)能(neng)、協調職(zhi)能(neng)、控(kong)(kong)制職(zhi)能(neng)、監督職(zhi)能(neng)。建(jian)筑裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾項(xiang)目管(guan)理不僅有它所要發揮(hui)的(de)職(zhi)能(neng)，同(tong)時也(ye)有其(qi)(qi)必須(xu)完成的(de)任務。

　　建筑裝飾(shi)施(shi)工項目(mu)管理的(de)任務(wu)是以最(zui)優先地(di)實現(xian)項目(mu)地(di)總目(mu)標(biao)，即用有(you)限地(di)資(zi)金和資(zi)源，以最(zui)佳的(de)工期、最(zui)少(shao)的(de)的(de)費用來滿足工程質量的(de)要求，完成裝飾(shi)施(shi)工任務(wu)，使其實現(xian)預定的(de)目(mu)標(biao)。

　　在建筑(zhu)裝(zhuang)飾施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)的過程中(zhong)，是為了去得各階段目(mu)標和(he)最終(zhong)目(mu)的得實現，必須圍繞組(zu)織、規劃(hua)、控制、生產要(yao)素得配(pei)置(zhi)、合(he)同、信(xin)息(xi)等(deng)方面進行有效得管(guan)理(li)(li)，其(qi)主要(yao)內容如下(xia)：建立施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)組(zu)織；做(zuo)好施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)規范(fan)；進行項(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)目(mu)標控制；施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)生產要(yao)素的優化配(pei)置(zhi)動態管(guan)理(li)(li)；施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同管(guan)理(li)(li)；施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)信(xin)息(xi)管(guan)理(li)(li)；組(zu)織協調(diao)。

　　這是因為施(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)管理有著如(ru)此(ci)(ci)的(de)職能、任務和內容。因此(ci)(ci)，體現出施(shi)工(gong)管理與(yu)(yu)組織(zhi)在建筑(zhu)裝飾施(shi)工(gong)項目的(de)各項工(gong)作中重(zhong)要性(xing)與(yu)(yu)重(zhong)要地(di)位。

　　伴隨著國家市(shi)場(chang)(chang)經(jing)濟(ji)和(he)改革開放(fang)的不斷深入，裝飾行(xing)(xing)(xing)業已經(jing)成為建筑(zhu)業中(zhong)的三大支柱行(xing)(xing)(xing)業之(zhi)一，其在(zai)整個建筑(zhu)業中(zhong)所占的比重已越來(lai)越大。面對裝飾業市(shi)場(chang)(chang)競爭(zheng)的加劇和(he)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業的規范(fan)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)，面對市(shi)場(chang)(chang)準入和(he)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業的規范(fan)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)，裝飾工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作顯得更加重要。

　　而我(wo)作為一(yi)名(ming)施(shi)工(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)人員在施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場的(de)(de)三個月的(de)(de)實習體(ti)驗也讓(rang)我(wo)更加明確的(de)(de)認識到管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)重要性。是否有優秀的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)制、系統和人才。便關(guan)系到建(jian)筑(zhu)裝飾企業團隊的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)、進度、安全、成本、效益還(huan)有能否按期交付(fu)使用等問題。

　　建筑裝飾的施工管理與質量控制

　　要(yao)使(shi)(shi)公(gong)司(si)能有更好的效益，使(shi)(shi)其工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的質量得到良好的管(guan)理與恰當的控(kong)制，還使(shi)(shi)其工(gong)(gong)(gong)期、進度得到保證。關鍵之處還是(shi)要(yao)注重(zhong)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理，而要(yao)想使(shi)(shi)企(qi)業團隊(dui)的管(guan)理系統有所強化，縱觀公(gong)司(si)的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，做為一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目的管(guan)理者在完成施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理任務與職責時主要(yao)應注意以下(xia)幾(ji)個方面(mian)：

　　加(jia)強(qiang)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，落(luo)實(shi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)目(mu)(mu)標責任(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)，強(qiang)化職能部(bu)(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)監督作(zuo)(zuo)用公(gong)(gong)(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)不同于一般企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)承包(bao)(bao)，以包(bao)(bao)代管(guan)。而(er)(er)是實(shi)行項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)目(mu)(mu)標管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)任(ren)務下達之初，公(gong)(gong)(gong)司營業(ye)部(bu)(bu)即已將工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)計(ji)(ji)劃成(cheng)本(ben)及利(li)(li)潤詳細(xi)算(suan)出，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)在公(gong)(gong)(gong)司計(ji)(ji)劃成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)下完成(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)目(mu)(mu)標、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期目(mu)(mu)標。這樣經(jing)營風險全部(bu)(bu)由公(gong)(gong)(gong)司承擔(dan)，各(ge)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)處于同一起(qi)(qi)跑(pao)線上，有利(li)(li)于調動項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)經(jing)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)性(xing)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)體制(zhi)(zhi)上保(bao)證了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)部(bu)(bu)作(zuo)(zuo)為項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)門(men)，在公(gong)(gong)(gong)司計(ji)(ji)劃成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)下，負(fu)責施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培訓、考核，針對(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)(bu)每一崗(gang)位，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)部(bu)(bu)都有量(liang)化考核標準，每一工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后，對(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)按(an)崗(gang)位工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)標準評定(ding)。從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)對(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)起(qi)(qi)到(dao)了(le)檢查督促(cu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用。在項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前期，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)部(bu)(bu)對(dui)各(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)進行必須的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培訓，培訓即包(bao)(bao)括技能也包(bao)(bao)括文(wen)明施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)細(xi)則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培訓，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)保(bao)證施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)對(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司制(zhi)(zhi)度貫(guan)徹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連續性(xing)及準確性(xing)。品(pin)管(guan)部(bu)(bu)做(zuo)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)司質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)門(men)，主要負(fu)責工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查驗收工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進行不定(ding)期檢查，從(cong)(cong)(cong)體制(zhi)(zhi)上保(bao)證了(le)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)辦做(zuo)為技術(shu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)門(men)，針對(dui)不同工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)特點，制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案，并(bing)組織進行技術(shu)革(ge)新，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)保(bao)證施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可行性(xing)及先(xian)進性(xing)。

　　認真做好工程前期準備工作，編制切實可行的施工組織設計，裝飾工程施工前期準備工作大致可分如下幾個方面：

　　a.施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的準備施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)包括(kuo)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)經(jing)理、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)員(yuan)(yuan)、技(ji)術員(yuan)(yuan)、質檢員(yuan)(yuan)、材料員(yuan)(yuan)、統計(ji)核算員(yuan)(yuan)、安全管(guan)理員(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)幾個崗位，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程部(bu)依據工(gong)(gong)(gong)程規模及難易程度(du)確定(ding)管(guan)理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的數(shu)量并(bing)進(jin)(jin)行職能分配，項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)經(jing)理做為項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的負責人(ren)，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程部(bu)的領導下，組織本項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)認(ren)真(zhen)熟(shu)悉圖(tu)紙，與營業(ye)部(bu)溝(gou)通現(xian)(xian)場(chang)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)及材料用(yong)量。提出人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)及機具計(ji)劃(hua)，在(zai)公司(si)要求工(gong)(gong)(gong)期內制定(ding)詳細(xi)的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)計(ji)劃(hua)。

　　b.施工(gong)(gong)操作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)準備工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)部(bu)(bu)依據項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)(bu)提出(chu)的(de)勞動(dong)力(li)計(ji)劃，結(jie)合公司(si)整體施工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)進(jin)(jin)展情況，準備各工(gong)(gong)種人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)，并組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)(bu)有關人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)對入場(chang)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)入場(chang)前(qian)的(de)教(jiao)育及(ji)(ji)相應的(de)技(ji)術(shu)安(an)全(quan)培(pei)訓，使工(gong)(gong)人(ren)在入場(chang)前(qian)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)難度、質量要(yao)(yao)求有所了(le)解。總(zong)工(gong)(gong)辦(ban)針對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)特(te)殊工(gong)(gong)藝對項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)專項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)培(pei)訓。如果工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)單(dan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)需要(yao)(yao)分承包方(fang)，則(ze)由(you)(you)營業(ye)部(bu)(bu)負責(ze)分承包方(fang)的(de)聯(lian)系，由(you)(you)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)部(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)考(kao)察確認，分承包方(fang)一(yi)旦確定，則(ze)由(you)(you)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)部(bu)(bu)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)(bu)針對本工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)對其進(jin)(jin)行(xing)培(pei)訓，培(pei)訓內容涉及(ji)(ji)技(ji)術(shu)、質量、安(an)全(quan)、進(jin)(jin)度、現場(chang)文明施工(gong)(gong)等方(fang)面。從而保證了(le)在施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中，各班組(zu)(zu)均能全(quan)面執(zhi)行(xing)公司(si)的(de)各項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)施工(gong)(gong)管理制(zhi)度，并能夠由(you)(you)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)(bu)對其進(jin)(jin)度、質量進(jin)(jin)行(xing)控制(zhi)。

　　c.施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術的準備項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)部在熟悉施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)的基礎上，對(dui)(dui)圖紙(zhi)中的問(wen)題進行匯總，由總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)辦組織項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)部及(ji)營業部結(jie)合本公司(si)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)特(te)(te)點，提(ti)出(chu)具體的修正方(fang)(fang)(fang)案，報甲方(fang)(fang)(fang)及(ji)設(she)(she)計單位共同探(tan)討，以達(da)成一致，使得(de)問(wen)題能夠(gou)在進場施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)得(de)到最大(da)限度的解決。項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)技(ji)術人員(yuan)(yuan)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)部及(ji)總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)辦的指(zhi)導下，結(jie)合工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)特(te)(te)點，編制出(chu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設(she)(she)計，內(nei)容(rong)包括工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)概況及(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)特(te)(te)點，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案（包括施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準備、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序、主要(yao)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)、質(zhi)量(liang)及(ji)安全保證措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、降低成本措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)及(ji)文明施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)），施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度計劃，勞動力、材料及(ji)機具需(xu)要(yao)量(liang)計劃，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平面布署及(ji)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理人員(yuan)(yuan)職責分配等。公司(si)在多年的施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，總結(jie)出(chu)一套比較(jiao)成熟的施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)，并編制成作(zuo)業指(zhi)導書，供項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)人員(yuan)(yuan)參考(kao)，從而大(da)大(da)提(ti)高了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率，也方(fang)(fang)(fang)便了(le)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操作(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)的培訓。

　　d.施工材料的(de)準備為(wei)了提高計劃(hua)材料的(de)準確性(xing)，由項(xiang)目部依據(ju)營業部下發的(de)分項(xiang)材料表對(dui)各分項(xiang)材料用量進行(xing)核對(dui)，及(ji)時(shi)將修正材料量返回(hui)營業部預算(suan)員(yuan)(yuan)處，由預算(suan)員(yuan)(yuan)下發材料計劃(hua)表，此計劃(hua)表做(zuo)為(wei)采購(gou)(gou)人員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)采購(gou)(gou)依據(ju)提前(qian)聯(lian)系供貨單位，從而保證材料的(de)供應(ying)。項(xiang)目部同時(shi)向采購(gou)(gou)人員(yuan)(yuan)提供材料進場時(shi)間要求，從而使采購(gou)(gou)人員(yuan)(yuan)做(zuo)到心中有數，按部就班的(de)進行(xing)材料的(de)準備。

　　e.施工(gong)機具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)準備：裝飾工(gong)程所用施工(gong)機具(ju)(ju)(ju)大致(zhi)可分(fen)為手(shou)使工(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)及(ji)電動工(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，電動工(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)由公司(si)采購(gou)部門供應，采購(gou)部門依據項目部提供的(de)(de)機具(ju)(ju)(ju)名稱，對(dui)機具(ju)(ju)(ju)進(jin)行檢修維護，從而(er)保(bao)證機具(ju)(ju)(ju)在施工(gong)過程中的(de)(de)正常運轉。

　　f.施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場(chang)的(de)準備：工(gong)程開工(gong)前，項目(mu)經理組(zu)織項目(mu)部管(guan)理人員(yuan)對工(gong)地(di)進(jin)行實地(di)勘察(cha)，了解施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場(chang)的(de)環境(jing)，確定材料堆放(fang)地(di)點、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)用水及(ji)用電(dian)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，對原有建筑的(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)進(jin)行摸底，并將實際勘察(cha)結果填(tian)入《交接備忘(wang)錄》中。原有結構影響裝飾施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量及(ji)效果之處，以及(ji)修(xiu)正措施(shi)(shi)要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)知會顧客，爭取顧客的(de)同(tong)意。在特殊環境(jing)下(xia)要(yao)注意允許施(shi)(shi)工(gong)時(shi)間及(ji)道(dao)路運輸情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)。

　　加強施工項目的過程控制，創造精品工程

　　a.施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制：施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)由項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)經理(li)(li)統一(yi)指(zhi)揮，各(ge)自按照崗位(wei)標準進行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)部(bu)隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)對項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)狀態進行考(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha)，并如實記錄(lu)考(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha)結(jie)(jie)果存入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)檔案之中。各(ge)崗位(wei)依(yi)據其性質(zhi)，量化為若干小的(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)(kao)評項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)。考(kao)(kao)評結(jie)(jie)果將(jiang)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)部(bu)對管理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進行評定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)依(yi)據，評定(ding)(ding)結(jie)(jie)果與獎罰掛(gua)鉤(gou)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)要相對穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)，相對穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍(wu)是一(yi)個企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本保(bao)證，每一(yi)個操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)對公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)都清清楚(chu)楚(chu)，這(zhe)樣(yang)便于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)提高(gao)。現場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)員(yuan)(yuan)依(yi)據施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度計劃，合理(li)(li)安(an)排人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力(li)，力(li)爭做(zuo)到(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)水作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業，降低(di)窩工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)損耗(hao)，在移動(dong)通信天(tian)河(he)營業廳工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中，短短40天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，完(wan)成(cheng)300萬元的(de)(de)(de)(de)產值(zhi)，在1900平(ping)方(fang)米的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)面(mian)上，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后期有150名木工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，30名電工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)安(an)排上，將(jiang)鋁塑(su)板包柱等作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)劃分成(cheng)許多分項(xiang)，操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進行單項(xiang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業，并將(jiang)班組(zu)分成(cheng)基層、面(mian)層下料組(zu)、面(mian)層粘(zhan)貼組(zu)。使得整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)有條不紊的(de)(de)(de)(de)進行下來(lai)，從而在時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)上保(bao)證了(le)顧客按時(shi)(shi)開業，嬴得了(le)顧客的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度贊揚。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)由工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)部(bu)統一(yi)調度，某工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種在一(yi)個項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)結(jie)(jie)束或間(jian)(jian)(jian)歇時(shi)(shi)，便及時(shi)(shi)轉到(dao)別的(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，即保(bao)證了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)入穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)也保(bao)證了(le)公(gong)司技(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相對穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)。

　　b.施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的控(kong)制(zhi)：裝(zhuang)飾材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)品(pin)種(zhong)繁雜，質量(liang)及檔次(ci)相(xiang)(xiang)差懸殊，裝(zhuang)飾工(gong)程所用(yong)(yong)(yong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)又受到業(ye)主(zhu)的克(ke)觀影響，因此，裝(zhuang)飾施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)控(kong)制(zhi)比較麻煩。在(zai)(zai)(zai)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)進(jin)場(chang)前必須先報(bao)驗(yan)(yan)，將業(ye)主(zhu)同意(yi)的材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)樣(yang)品(pin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)式(shi)兩份(fen)封(feng)樣(yang)保(bao)(bao)存，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)份(fen)留項目，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)份(fen)留業(ye)主(zhu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)進(jin)場(chang)后，依樣(yang)品(pin)及相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)檢(jian)(jian)測報(bao)告(gao)進(jin)行報(bao)驗(yan)(yan)，報(bao)驗(yan)(yan)合(he)(he)格(ge)的材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)能使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。采(cai)(cai)購人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)購時，也要嚴格(ge)執(zhi)行材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)驗(yan)(yan)收手續(xu)，保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)采(cai)(cai)購材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)合(he)(he)格(ge)。為(wei)了便于(yu)管(guan)理，公(gong)司(si)將各種(zhong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)方(fang)法及檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)編輯成冊，采(cai)(cai)購人(ren)員(yuan)、質檢(jian)(jian)人(ren)員(yuan)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)全部用(yong)(yong)(yong)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)來衡量(liang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是否(fou)合(he)(he)格(ge)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)場(chang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的管(guan)理上，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)限額(e)領(ling)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)制(zhi)度，由(you)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)簽發(fa)(fa)限額(e)領(ling)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)單(dan)，庫管(guan)員(yuan)按單(dan)發(fa)(fa)貨(huo)，從而(er)即能保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)質量(liang)又能節約成本，對于(yu)易碎或貴重材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)單(dan)獨存放(fang)(fang)，盡量(liang)減(jian)少人(ren)為(wei)的搬運(yun)次(ci)數。對于(yu)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)的不(bu)合(he)(he)格(ge)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)果不(bu)能及時退庫，則(ze)單(dan)獨放(fang)(fang)置并在(zai)(zai)(zai)明(ming)顯位置標(biao)注不(bu)合(he)(he)格(ge)品(pin)字樣(yang)，這樣(yang)能夠防止錯(cuo)發(fa)(fa)錯(cuo)拿現(xian)(xian)象。現(xian)(xian)場(chang)所剩(sheng)邊角(jiao)余(yu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)如(ru)不(bu)能使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，則(ze)及時退回公(gong)司(si)輔料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)庫，以便其(qi)它工(gong)程使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

　　c.施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)控制庫管員要對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)具(ju)(ju)妥(tuo)善保管，分(fen)類存放(fang)，實行施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)具(ju)(ju)領(ling)(ling)用登記制度，以誰(shui)領(ling)(ling)用誰(shui)保管誰(shui)負責為(wei)原則(ze)，操作人員在領(ling)(ling)用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)時要向(xiang)庫管員說明(ming)機(ji)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)使用目的(de)(de)(de)，庫管員按照(zhao)機(ji)具(ju)(ju)使用要求發放(fang)機(ji)具(ju)(ju)，保證機(ji)具(ju)(ju)正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)使用壽命(ming)。為(wei)了保證正常(chang)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生產(chan)，公(gong)司(si)對每(mei)一臺設備(bei)都建立(li)了維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)檔案，從(cong)而保證了進(jin)場(chang)設備(bei)都已經過檢測合(he)格。對于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人手使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)，由工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程部(bu)按工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)不同列出必備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)明(ming)細(xi)，入場(chang)前檢查各工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)自備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)是否(fou)齊全，保養是否(fou)良好，如用于(yu)打玻(bo)璃膠的(de)(de)(de)專用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)，貼防火板專用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)，安裝修(xiu)(xiu)邊角及不銹鋼扣(kou)條的(de)(de)(de)專用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)等。

　　d.施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的(de)控制施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)是決定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量好壞的(de)關鍵(jian)，有好的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)，能使操作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程達到事半功倍(bei)的(de)效果。為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的(de)先進(jin)性及合(he)理性，公司對于(yu)不太成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)安(an)排專人(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)試驗，將成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)編制成(cheng)作(zuo)業指(zhi)導書，并(bing)下發各施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)管(guan)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)指(zhi)導生產時則依此為(wei)依據對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)書面(mian)交(jiao)底，并(bing)由班組長簽字接收。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)交(jiao)底包(bao)括工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)及材(cai)料準備、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)要點、質量要求及檢查方法、常見問題及預防措施(shi)(shi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)世貿商場(chang)(chang)二層(ceng)內裝地面(mian)磚鋪(pu)貼過(guo)程中(zhong)，技(ji)(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)針(zhen)對其面(mian)積大，柱子多等特點，制定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)相應的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)做法，從(cong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)上保證(zheng)了(le)(le)(le)鋪(pu)貼質量，在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時先交(jiao)底后(hou)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，嚴(yan)格執行(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)要求，從(cong)而使該工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程被評為(wei)單項樣(yang)板工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程。在(zai)(zai)(zai)華夏證(zheng)券(quan)門頭工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)及現(xian)場(chang)(chang)緊密配合(he)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)骨架制作(zuo)的(de)同時，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)就開始了(le)(le)(le)鋁(lv)塑板面(mian)層(ceng)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。由于(yu)各項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序嚴(yan)格執行(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)要求，現(xian)場(chang)(chang)安(an)裝時尺寸絲毫(hao)不差，既提前了(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期，又節(jie)約了(le)(le)(le)管(guan)理費用。

　　e.施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環境(jing)(jing)的(de)控制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環境(jing)(jing)對裝飾工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)影響很大，尤其是(shi)油(you)漆工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，在進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)油(you)漆施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時，現場不得(de)有灰塵，天氣(qi)必須(xu)晴朗，為了(le)保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量，必須(xu)控制(zhi)好施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環境(jing)(jing)，這(zhe)就(jiu)要(yao)求施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理人員在進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序安排(pai)時要(yao)合理，避免施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)污(wu)染(ran)，同(tong)時保(bao)證各工(gong)(gong)(gong)序所需環境(jing)(jing)要(yao)求，如(ru)室溫要(yao)求、基體(ti)干燥要(yao)求、空氣(qi)清(qing)潔要(yao)求等。因此一般(ban)結構方(fang)面(mian)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)，飾面(mian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)后進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)；頭(tou)頂工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)，頭(tou)頂以下工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)后進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)；隱蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)程先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)，包封工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)后進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)；水電管線(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)，燈具(ju)、開(kai)關(guan)、插座、潔具(ju)、五金配件安裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)后進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)；易(yi)受污(wu)染(ran)或貴重材料(liao)(liao)，保(bao)養不易(yi)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)（玻璃制(zhi)品、鏡(jing)面(mian)、壁紙、面(mian)料(liao)(liao)、地毯等）應最后再做。如(ru)果冬季施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時，室內溫度(du)達不到要(yao)求，則(ze)要(yao)制(zhi)定(ding)相(xiang)應的(de)保(bao)溫升溫措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)時要(yao)注意火災的(de)發生。

建筑專業的實習報告篇4

　　根據學校安排我(wo)于xxxx年xx月xx日(ri)到武漢(han)(han)第xx建(jian)筑公司武漢(han)(han)xxx項目(mu)部(bu)進行建(jian)筑施工實習，這是(shi)一個讓(rang)我(wo)了解施工現(xian)場的(de)好(hao)機(ji)會(hui)，讓(rang)我(wo)更(geng)深一步(bu)的(de)了解理論與實際的(de)差(cha)別。

　　一、工程簡介

　　本工程是武漢市xxxx國企投資公(gong)司開(kai)發的公(gong)寓樓，承建單(dan)位(wei)是武漢第(di)xxx建筑公(gong)司，分別(bie)是五(wu)號(hao)和六(liu)(liu)號(hao)樓，及高爾夫球健身樓，地(di)基(ji)由xxx第(di)四樁基(ji)公(gong)司承建。由北京xxxx設計(ji)院設計(ji)。采用框架剪(jian)力墻結構，柱(zhu)子為異性(xing)柱(zhu)。面積(ji)為13000平方米(mi)，由3棟樓組成的商住樓，現澆鋼筋混泥土六(liu)(liu)層框剪(jian)結構。

　　二、實習內容

　　1：木工

　　1)模板的種類及制作(zuo)方法(fa);

　　2)各種結構模板(ban)安裝的質量標準;

　　3)現澆(jiao)結構(gou)模板安(an)裝的質量標準;

　　4)現澆結(jie)構模(mo)板拆除(chu)的時間和順序(xu);

　　5)模板(ban)拆除的(de)注意事項;

　　6)模板的(de)清理(li)，堆(dui)放(fang)和(he)維修的(de)方法及要求(qiu);

　　2：鋼筋工

　　1)鋼筋的種類及外形特征;

　　2)鋼筋的焊接方法及(ji)質量要求(qiu);

　　3)鋼(gang)筋冷加工的方(fang)法及工藝;

　　4)鋼筋的(de)綁扎的(de)方法及(ji)質量要求;

　　5)鋼(gang)筋綁扎的搭接(jie)長度要求;

　　6)各種構件(jian)保(bao)護層厚(hou)度的控(kong)制方法;

　　7)掌握(wo)隱蔽工(gong)程記錄方法及(ji)主要內容(rong);

　　3:混泥土工

　　1)攪拌(ban)機(ji)的.種(zhong)類(lei)，規格，拌(ban)和的原理(li);

　　2)震動器的種類(lei)，適用范圍;

　　3)施(shi)工配合(he)比的換算(suan)及標(biao)志牌的內容(rong);

　　4)施工縫的留(liu)設及其處理(li)方法;

　　5)混泥土的(de)養(yang)護方法及要求(qiu);

　　6)混泥土表面缺陷產(chan)生原因及預防處理(li)方法;

　　7)混泥(ni)土(tu)工程的(de)質量檢查內容;

　　三、收獲與體會

　　首(shou)先說實習(xi)對我來說是(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)既熟悉又陌生(sheng)的(de)字眼，因為(wei)我十幾年的(de)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)生(sheng)涯也經歷(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)很多的(de)實習(xi)，但(dan)這(zhe)次卻又是(shi)(shi)那么的(de)與眾不同。他將(jiang)(jiang)全面(mian)檢驗(yan)我各方(fang)面(mian)的(de)能力(li)：學(xue)(xue)習(xi)、生(sheng)活(huo)、心理、身體、思想(xiang)等等。就像是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)塊試金石，檢驗(yan)我能否將(jiang)(jiang)所(suo)學(xue)(xue)理論(lun)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)用到(dao)(dao)實踐(jian)(jian)中去(qu)。關系到(dao)(dao)我將(jiang)(jiang)來能否順(shun)利的(de)立足于這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)充滿(man)挑戰的(de)社會，也是(shi)(shi)我建立信心的(de)關鍵所(suo)在，所(suo)以(yi)，我對它的(de)投入(ru)也是(shi)(shi)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)之百(bai)(bai)的(de)!緊張的(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)月的(de)實習(xi)生(sheng)活(huo)結(jie)(jie)束了(le)，在這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)多月里我還是(shi)(shi)有不少的(de)收獲(huo)。實習(xi)結(jie)(jie)束后有必要好(hao)好(hao)總結(jie)(jie)一(yi)(yi)下。首(shou)先，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)多月的(de)實習(xi)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)實踐(jian)(jian)，使我學(xue)(xue)到(dao)(dao)了(le)很多實踐(jian)(jian)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)。所(suo)謂實踐(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)檢驗(yan)真理的(de)唯一(yi)(yi)標準，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)旁站，使我近距離的(de)觀察了(le)整個(ge)(ge)房屋的(de)建造過(guo)(guo)(guo)程，學(xue)(xue)到(dao)(dao)了(le)很多很適用的(de)具體的(de)施(shi)工知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)些知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)往往是(shi)(shi)我在學(xue)(xue)校很少接觸，很少注意的(de)，但(dan)又是(shi)(shi)十分(fen)(fen)重要基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)。

　　比如說混泥土的(de)裂縫原因及處里這(zhe)是(shi)一個很復雜的(de)問題，那我(wo)就說說我(wo)的(de)見解吧(ba)：

　　1裂縫的原因

　　混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)中產生裂(lie)縫有多(duo)種原因，主要是(shi)溫度(du)和濕度(du)的(de)(de)變化，混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)脆性和不均(jun)勻性，以及結(jie)構不合(he)理，原材(cai)料不合(he)格(如堿骨(gu)料反應(ying))，模板(ban)變形，基礎(chu)不均(jun)勻沉降等。

　　2溫度應力的分(fen)析

　　根(gen)據溫度(du)應力的形(xing)成過程(cheng)可(ke)分為以下(xia)三個(ge)階段：

　　(1)早期：自澆筑混(hun)凝土開始至水泥放熱(re)(re)基(ji)本(ben)結束，一(yi)般約30天。這(zhe)個(ge)階(jie)段的(de)(de)兩個(ge)特(te)征，一(yi)是水泥放出大量(liang)的(de)(de)水化熱(re)(re)，二是混(hun)凝上彈(dan)性模量(liang)的(de)(de)急劇(ju)變化。由于彈(dan)性模量(liang)的(de)(de)變化，這(zhe)一(yi)時期在混(hun)凝土內形成殘余(yu)應力(li)。

　　(2)中期(qi)：自水泥放熱作(zuo)用(yong)基本結束時(shi)起至混凝土冷(leng)卻(que)到穩(wen)定溫(wen)度時(shi)止，這個時(shi)期(qi)中，溫(wen)度應力(li)(li)主要(yao)是由于混凝土的冷(leng)卻(que)及外界氣(qi)溫(wen)變(bian)化所引(yin)起，這些應力(li)(li)與(yu)早期(qi)形成的殘余應力(li)(li)相疊加，在此期(qi)間混凝上的彈性模量變(bian)化不(bu)大。

　　(3)晚期(qi)：混(hun)凝土完全(quan)冷(leng)卻以后的(de)(de)運轉(zhuan)時期(qi)。溫(wen)度應(ying)力主(zhu)要是外界氣溫(wen)變化所引起，這些應(ying)力與前兩種(zhong)的(de)(de)殘余應(ying)力相迭加。

　　根據溫度應(ying)力引起的原因可分為兩(liang)類：

　　(1)自生應(ying)力(li)(li)：邊界上沒(mei)有任(ren)何(he)約(yue)(yue)束(shu)或完(wan)全靜止的結(jie)構，如果內部(bu)溫度(du)是非線性分布(bu)的，由于結(jie)構本(ben)身互(hu)相約(yue)(yue)束(shu)而(er)出(chu)(chu)現的溫度(du)應(ying)力(li)(li)。例(li)如，橋梁墩身，結(jie)構尺(chi)寸相對較大，混凝土(tu)冷卻時表(biao)面(mian)溫度(du)低(di)，內部(bu)溫度(du)高，在表(biao)面(mian)出(chu)(chu)現拉應(ying)力(li)(li)，在中(zhong)間(jian)出(chu)(chu)現壓應(ying)力(li)(li)。

建筑專業的實習報告篇5

　　我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)這(zhe)學(xue)期(qi)的(de)前(qian)四周(zhou)是畢業(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)時(shi)(shi)間，之(zhi)前(qian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)分(fen)別進(jin)行了(le)認識實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)、生產實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)、建筑施工與管理實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訓(xun)，這(zhe)次(ci)是畢業(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)都很重視(shi)這(zhe)次(ci)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)，因為這(zhe)是我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)校(xiao)期(qi)間最后一(yi)次(ci)有學(xue)校(xiao)組織的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)了(le)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)專業(ye)一(yi)共分(fen)為八組，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)就在(zai)(zai)第八組，有胡老師(shi)帶(dai)領，老師(shi)說實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)的(de)工地可以自己找，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)在(zai)(zai)同學(xue)的(de)介紹下(xia)，在(zai)(zai)焦東(dong)塔東(dong)社(she)區衛(wei)生服務中心————綜合樓的(de)一(yi)個舊(jiu)房改造(zao)工地上(shang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)期(qi)間我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)經(jing)常(chang)和老師(shi)保(bao)持聯系，每周(zhou)都有回報(bao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)進(jin)展(zhan)和心得(de)。在(zai)(zai)老師(shi)的(de)熱心的(de)關(guan)心和指(zhi)導下(xia)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)期(qi)間學(xue)到了(le)許(xu)多課本上(shang)沒有的(de)知識，在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)中當遇到不懂得(de)地方，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)都及時(shi)(shi)問指(zhi)導老師(shi)，所(suo)以在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)中我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)都感到收獲很大，為以后的(de)工作打下(xia)了(le)堅實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)基礎。

　　在(zai)20xx年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)28號(hao)我(wo)(wo)去了(le)工(gong)地，見(jian)到(dao)了(le)項(xiang)(xiang)目經理(li)—劉經理(li)，他(ta)(ta)很樂意(yi)接(jie)(jie)受我(wo)(wo)這(zhe)(zhe)個實(shi)習生，他(ta)(ta)給我(wo)(wo)安(an)排了(le)我(wo)(wo)的(de)工(gong)作內容(rong)，我(wo)(wo)的(de)工(gong)作是項(xiang)(xiang)目部(bu)里的(de)施(shi)工(gong)技術(shu)員。本工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是一(yi)個舊(jiu)房(fang)改造(zao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是焦(jiao)(jiao)東塔(ta)東社(she)區(qu)的(de)醫(yi)院(yuan)綜合(he)樓(lou)(lou)，本樓(lou)(lou)房(fang)的(de)樓(lou)(lou)房(fang)層數是三層，本樓(lou)(lou)是建于(yu)50年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)，三層中(zhong)沒(mei)有(you)構造(zao)柱和圈(quan)梁，只(zhi)是樓(lou)(lou)板(ban)(ban)是現澆(jiao)的(de)混(hun)凝土樓(lou)(lou)板(ban)(ban)，這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)點讓(rang)我(wo)(wo)很驚訝，在(zai)50年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)的(de)設(she)計(ji)師就已經利用了(le)現澆(jiao)混(hun)凝土樓(lou)(lou)板(ban)(ban)了(le)。本工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)為加固(gu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，是由(you)(you)焦(jiao)(jiao)作廣(guang)成(cheng)規劃建筑設(she)計(ji)有(you)限(xian)公司設(she)計(ji)的(de);是由(you)(you)河南(nan)征信建筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)有(you)限(xian)公司進行施(shi)工(gong)的(de);監(jian)理(li)方是河南(nan)建達工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)監(jian)理(li)公司進行監(jian)理(li)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)。本工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)合(he)同工(gong)期為20xx年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)1號(hao)至20xx年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)1號(hao)。這(zhe)(zhe)次(ci)實(shi)習對我(wo)(wo)老說是一(yi)個很好的(de)鍛煉(lian)，因為我(wo)(wo)之前(qian)還沒(mei)有(you)接(jie)(jie)觸過舊(jiu)房(fang)改造(zao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)呢，因此我(wo)(wo)很重視這(zhe)(zhe)次(ci)實(shi)習。

　　這(zhe)次(ci)實(shi)習(xi)(xi)對我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)職業(ye)生涯有很大的(de)(de)(de)幫助，之前我(wo)實(shi)習(xi)(xi)過磚混(hun)結構、實(shi)習(xi)(xi)過框架(jia)結構的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)層、實(shi)習(xi)(xi)過修公路;這(zhe)次(ci)實(shi)習(xi)(xi)舊房(fang)加固改造，我(wo)還是第一(yi)次(ci)，對我(wo)這(zhe)方面的(de)(de)(de)知識是一(yi)個很好的(de)(de)(de)補(bu)充，我(wo)從中學到了(le)很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)知識，讓我(wo)對課(ke)本的(de)(de)(de)知識有了(le)更(geng)進一(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)加深，為我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)以(yi)后工(gong)作創(chuang)造了(le)更(geng)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)空間。

　　在實(shi)習中我經常看(kan)圖(tu)紙和圖(tu)集，因為(wei)我一(yi)開始對(dui)房屋加固(gu)的施工幾(ji)乎是(shi)一(yi)竅不通(tong)，但(dan)經過我的努力(li)，一(yi)個(ge)星期后我就(jiu)能看(kan)懂是(shi)怎么一(yi)回事了，其實(shi)還是(shi)很簡單的嘛，只要把(ba)施工的細(xi)節(jie)搞清楚就(jiu)行了。

　　現在把在工地(di)學到的(de)知識簡單的(de)敘述一下：

　　1、磚混結(jie)構(gou)抗震加(jia)固方法(fa)簡介：

　　從結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)抗震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)機理出發，抗震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)可以分為減(jian)小地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)、增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)抗震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)能力加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)和(he)多(duo)道(dao)(dao)防(fang)線(xian)抗震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)。減(jian)小地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)主要是(shi)通過增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)周期或(huo)加(jia)大(da)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)阻尼來實現，一(yi)般應用(yong)于大(da)型(xing)公共建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)抗震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu);增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)抗震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)能力的(de)(de)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，如增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da)墻體抗震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)性(xing)能的(de)(de)外包鋼筋(jin)混凝(ning)土面(mian)層(ceng)、鋼筋(jin)網水泥砂漿(jiang)面(mian)層(ceng)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa);增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)整(zheng)體性(xing)的(de)(de)壓力灌漿(jiang)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)、增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)設圈梁（構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)柱）加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)、拉結(jie)鋼筋(jin)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa);通過增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)設抗震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)墻來降(jiang)低抗震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)能力薄弱構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)件所承(cheng)受地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)設墻體法(fa)(fa)等，這些方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)施(shi)工相(xiang)對簡單，大(da)量應用(yong)于多(duo)層(ceng)的(de)(de)磚混結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)當(dang)中，尤其是(shi)民用(yong)建筑(zhu)中。多(duo)道(dao)(dao)抗震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)防(fang)線(xian)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)是(shi)建筑(zhu)物采(cai)用(yong)多(duo)重抗側(ce)力體系，第(di)一(yi)道(dao)(dao)防(fang)線(xian)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)抗側(ce)力構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)件在強烈的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)下遭到破(po)壞(huai)后，后備的(de)(de)第(di)二道(dao)(dao)乃至第(di)三(san)道(dao)(dao)防(fang)線(xian)的(de)(de)抗側(ce)力構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)件立即接(jie)替，抵(di)擋后續的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)沖擊，可保證建筑(zhu)物安最低限度(du)的(de)(de)全，免于倒塌。

　　從(cong)結構抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)震(zhen)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)上來講(jiang)，抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)震(zhen)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)施工(gong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有外(wai)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，內加(jia)固(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，夾板墻加(jia)固(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。外(wai)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)一(yi)般結合磚(zhuan)混結構的層數(shu)及(ji)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)震(zhen)鑒定(ding)的結果，需要(yao)(yao)在(zai)建(jian)筑外(wai)側(ce)增(zeng)加(jia)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)數(shu)量(liang)的構造(zao)(zao)柱(zhu)，圈(quan)梁，以(yi)及(ji)保證構造(zao)(zao)柱(zhu)、圈(quan)梁和抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)震(zhen)墻體協同(tong)工(gong)作的拉(la)桿。這種方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)一(yi)般不(bu)(bu)占(zhan)用室內建(jian)筑面積，用于(yu)住宅樓，對住戶影響(xiang)較(jiao)小，但對建(jian)筑立(li)面造(zao)(zao)型(xing)影響(xiang)較(jiao)大;內加(jia)固(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)基(ji)本原(yuan)理(li)同(tong)外(wai)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，也需要(yao)(yao)增(zeng)設構造(zao)(zao)柱(zhu)，圈(quan)梁及(ji)拉(la)桿，必要(yao)(yao)時，如原(yuan)有墻體抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)震(zhen)不(bu)(bu)足，需加(jia)設抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)震(zhen)墻體或提高原(yuan)墻體抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)震(zhen)能力，內加(jia)固(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)會改變建(jian)筑立(li)面造(zao)(zao)型(xing)，一(yi)般適用于(yu)公共(gong)建(jian)筑，特別是臨街建(jian)筑;夾板墻加(jia)固(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)為在(zai)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)原(yuan)有墻體抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)震(zhen)的基(ji)礎上提高抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)震(zhen)性能，目前(qian)最(zui)常(chang)用的是鋼(gang)筋網(wang)水(shui)泥砂漿面層加(jia)固(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，即在(zai)要(yao)(yao)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)墻體的單面或雙(shuang)面加(jia)設鋼(gang)筋網(wang)，用錨筋、插入(ru)短筋、拉(la)結筋等(deng)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)把鋼(gang)筋網(wang)四周與(yu)樓板或大梁、柱(zhu)或墻體連接。

　　2、如何增設圈梁(liang)和構造柱。

　　（1）增設圈梁：

　　1）加(jia)固依(yi)據：根據《建(jian)筑抗震(zhen)設(she)(she)計規(gui)范》（gb50011—XX）第(di)7。3。3條規(gui)定：外(wai)墻(qiang)及內縱墻(qiang)在每層樓蓋處設(she)(she)置圈梁(liang)，內橫墻(qiang)在每層樓蓋處設(she)(she)置圈梁(liang)。

　　2）加固方(fang)法：圈梁有外作(zuo)(zuo)、內作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)在(zai)墻(qiang)體上(shang)做，內作(zuo)(zuo)外作(zuo)(zuo)影響建(jian)筑物的(de)外觀(guan)和(he)使用，所以(yi)選擇在(zai)墻(qiang)體上(shang)作(zuo)(zuo)。根據(ju)規范第7。3。4條規定(ding)縱(zong)筋(jin)不(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)4φ10，箍(gu)筋(jin)不(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)φ6@250，截(jie)面高度不(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)120mm。

　　如果(guo)板下(xia)皮距(ju)門、窗(chuang)口(kou)上皮間距(ju)為300mm，也符合(he)磚的模數，則圈梁高(gao)度(du)取(qu)300mm，符合(he)抗震規范要求。

　　縱向筋(jin)取(qu)4φ12，符合抗震(zhen)規范要求。

　　箍筋若按規定(ding)取φ6@250，箍筋穿透墻(qiang)體則需(xu)每隔(ge)250mm在墻(qiang)上打孔一個，這樣既破壞了墻(qiang)體的(de)整體性，施(shi)工也困難。采(cai)用加(jia)大箍筋直徑(jing)和間(jian)距的(de)方法，實配箍筋φ12@600，為保證(zheng)上下皮縱筋位置，在墻(qiang)兩側加(jia)φ6@300的(de)附加(jia)鋼筋（見圖一中④號鋼筋）。

　　3）施工方法：a、墻兩側(ce)去(qu)除抹(mo)(mo)灰層，全長(chang)開槽(cao)，深30mm，高度300mm;b、每隔600mm上(shang)下各打一孔(kong)，直(zhi)徑(jing)為(wei)30mm—50mm，用(yong)于穿(chuan)過(guo)(guo)③號(hao)(hao)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin);c、墻側(ce)在放置②號(hao)(hao)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)處，去(qu)掉抹(mo)(mo)灰，將(jiang)磚縫剔鑿，深10—20mm;d、放置②號(hao)(hao)縱(zong)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)，穿(chuan)過(guo)(guo)③號(hao)(hao)箍(gu)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)與②號(hao)(hao)縱(zong)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)綁扎(zha)，同時綁扎(zha)內(nei)側(ce)④號(hao)(hao)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)，②、③、④號(hao)(hao)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)就(jiu)位后，將(jiang)孔(kong)用(yong)1：3干硬性水泥砂(sha)漿塞牢;e、放置①號(hao)(hao)縱(zong)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)并(bing)與③箍(gu)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)及(ji)④筋(jin)(jin)(jin)綁扎(zha);③號(hao)(hao)箍(gu)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)搭接焊牢，焊縫長(chang)度lw=120mm，焊縫高度hf=5mm ;f、內(nei)外兩側(ce)用(yong)1：3干硬性水泥砂(sha)漿將(jiang)墻上(shang)的槽(cao)抹(mo)(mo)平，再裝飾恢復。

　　外墻(qiang)圈(quan)梁(liang)圈(quan)梁(liang)高(gao)度(du)、配筋(jin)均(jun)(jun)同(tong)內墻(qiang)圈(quan)梁(liang)，施工時，在(zai)外墻(qiang)內側均(jun)(jun)剔鑿磚縫(feng)10—20mm，放置(zhi)縱筋(jin)，其(qi)他施工方法均(jun)(jun)同(tong)內墻(qiang)圈(quan)梁(liang)。

　　4）縱橫墻交接處處理：

　　在(zai)橫墻(qiang)(qiang)上，與縱墻(qiang)(qiang)圈梁縱筋對應部位，打孔(kong)30—50mm，將橫墻(qiang)(qiang)圈梁縱筋穿過(guo)并水(shui)平彎(wan)折(zhe)，彎(wan)折(zhe)長(chang)度為30d，與縱墻(qiang)(qiang)圈梁縱筋綁扎，用(yong)1：3干硬性水(shui)泥砂漿塞實。

　　（2）增設(she)構造柱

　　根據規范（gb50011—XX）第7。3。2條，構(gou)造(zao)柱(zhu)最小(xiao)截面尺寸(cun)240mm×180mm，縱筋不小(xiao)于(yu)4φ12，箍筋不小(xiao)于(yu)φ6@250，本工程(cheng)補做構(gou)造(zao)柱(zhu)采用350×180mm，縱筋6φ12，箍筋采用φ6@200。

　　補做構造柱的難點是：一(yi)是與原有(you)(you)墻體的可(ke)靠連接;二使(shi)如何穿(chuan)過(guo)原有(you)(you)樓(lou)板。下(xia)面就是這(zhe)兩(liang)點分別闡述：

　　1）構造柱與原(yuan)有墻(qiang)體的連接。

　　構造柱均放(fang)置在內外墻(qiang)(qiang)、縱橫墻(qiang)(qiang)交角處(chu)或樓梯拐角處(chu)，本工程采用(yong)銷(xiao)鍵(jian)法與捆(kun)綁法相結合(he)，使新加構造柱與原內外墻(qiang)(qiang)形(xing)成整體。

　　銷鍵法是在原墻體(ti)上開(kai)燕尾槽(cao)，內大外小，形成一鍥(qie)體(ti)，在槽(cao)內放置(zhi)鋼筋(jin)，并澆筑c25高(gao)強自流平細石(shi)混凝土。鍥(qie)體(ti)外口(kou)做(zuo)120mm×120mm，內膛做(zuo)180×180mm，深(shen)180mm，放置(zhi)2φ10∪形鋼筋(jin)，鍥(qie)體(ti)沿高(gao)度(du)方向每隔1000mm做(zuo)一個。

　　捆綁法就(jiu)是(shi)通過(guo)在墻上打孔(kong)，穿鋼筋(jin)(jin)(jin)，與新加構(gou)造柱(zhu)(zhu)的縱筋(jin)(jin)(jin)綁扎在一起，本(ben)工程是(shi)在內外墻上每隔1000mm，打孔(kong)穿φ12環(huan)形(xing)鋼筋(jin)(jin)(jin)與構(gou)造柱(zhu)(zhu)縱筋(jin)(jin)(jin)綁扎，澆筑c25高(gao)強自流平細(xi)石混凝土。

　　2）構造柱穿樓板。

　　為保(bao)證構造(zao)柱(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)高度方向為一(yi)整體，構造(zao)柱(zhu)(zhu)須穿過一(yi)、二、三層樓板(ban)，具體做法(fa)如下(xia)：

　　一、二層樓(lou)(lou)板(ban)(ban)處，對應構(gou)造(zao)柱(zhu)(zhu)縱筋(jin)位置，在(zai)(zai)樓(lou)(lou)板(ban)(ban)上鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)徑為φ30，共六個，如為預應力空心板(ban)(ban)，所(suo)以打孔(kong)(kong)(kong)時應避開(kai)板(ban)(ban)肋，在(zai)(zai)每個孔(kong)(kong)(kong)內(nei)(nei)穿—φ14鋼筋(jin)，板(ban)(ban)上、板(ban)(ban)下均(jun)露出550mm（搭(da)接(jie)長度(du)），穿好(hao)后，用(yong)c30干硬性自流平混凝土將孔(kong)(kong)(kong)塞實，填(tian)塞灌(guan)注時應盡(jin)可能(neng)充(chong)盈原板(ban)(ban)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)洞內(nei)(nei)，塞好(hao)后與構(gou)造(zao)柱(zhu)(zhu)縱筋(jin)綁扎，澆筑混凝土。構(gou)造(zao)柱(zhu)(zhu)主筋(jin)頂部(bu)錨入三層樓(lou)(lou)板(ban)(ban)或梁混凝土內(nei)(nei)。

　　3）構造柱不(bu)單獨做(zuo)基礎(chu)，下部應伸至室內地(di)面(mian)以下500mm（規范(fan)第7。3。2—4條）。

　　3、新開門洞(dong)墻體加(jia)筋砂漿層加(jia)固

　　外加鋼筋(jin)砂漿層加固砌體墻，采(cai)用單面(mian)或雙面(mian)加固，

　　（1）工藝要求：

　　面層砂漿強度m10。

　　鋼(gang)筋網砂漿面層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)35mm，鋼(gang)筋外(wai)保護層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)不小于10mm，鋼(gang)筋網片與墻(qiang)體(ti)的空(kong)隙不小于5mm。

　　鋼筋網的鋼筋直徑φ6，網格尺寸實心墻(qiang)為(wei)300*300mm，空斗墻(qiang)為(wei)200*200mm。

　　單面加面層(ceng)采用φ6的l形(xing)錨筋(jin)，雙面采用φ6的s形(xing)穿墻筋(jin);l形(xing)錨筋(jin)間距600mm，s形(xing)穿墻筋(jin)間距900mm，梅花(hua)形(xing)布(bu)置。

　　鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)網的(de)橫向鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)遇門窗(chuang)洞(dong)(dong)口時(shi)，單面加固(gu)宜將(jiang)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)彎入窗(chuang)洞(dong)(dong)側錨固(gu)，雙面加固(gu)宜將(jiang)兩側鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)在洞(dong)(dong)口閉合。

　　（2）施工順序(xu)：

　　原(yuan)墻(qiang)面裝飾(shi)層鑿除——鉆(zhan)孔并用水沖刷(shua)——鋪(pu)設(she)鋼筋網(wang)并安(an)設(she)錨筋——澆水濕潤墻(qiang)面——抹水泥砂漿并養(yang)護。

　　（3）施工控制要(yao)點(dian)：

　　原墻面腐蝕嚴(yan)重(zhong)時(shi)，應先清除松散部分，并用1：3水泥砂漿(jiang)抹面，原松動的勾(gou)縫砂漿(jiang)應剔除。

　　墻(qiang)面鉆孔(kong)(kong)，按方案劃(hua)線標出錨筋(jin)(jin)位置，并用電(dian)鉆鉆孔(kong)(kong)。穿墻(qiang)孔(kong)(kong)直徑比s錨筋(jin)(jin)大2mm，錨筋(jin)(jin)孔(kong)(kong)直徑宜為錨筋(jin)(jin)直徑的(de)2倍，孔(kong)(kong)深(shen)宜為100mm，錨筋(jin)(jin)插入孔(kong)(kong)洞后(hou)，應用水泥砂(sha)漿填(tian)實。

　　鋪設鋼(gang)筋網時豎向(xiang)鋼(gang)筋應靠墻面。

　　抹(mo)水泥砂漿前，先在墻面耍水泥漿一道，再(zai)分層抹(mo)灰，每層厚度不超過(guo)15mm。

　　面層應澆水養(yang)護(hu)。

　　4、原(yuan)有窗(chuang)戶的加(jia)固。

　　窗(chuang)戶的加固在整個房屋的加固中是(shi)一個很(hen)重要(yao)的一個環節(jie)。

　　施工工序

　　首(shou)先要準備鋼(gang)(gang)支(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia);其(qi)次是在窗戶(hu)(hu)的(de)上梁上每隔20公(gong)分掏(tao)出高為(wei)180公(gong)分、寬度為(wei)80公(gong)分的(de)空(kong)洞(dong)，因(yin)為(wei)鋼(gang)(gang)支(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)尺寸是長為(wei)墻厚減50公(gong)分、寬度為(wei)80公(gong)分、高為(wei)180公(gong)分;接著是把鋼(gang)(gang)支(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)放(fang)入(ru)墻空(kong)洞(dong)中(zhong)，由(you)于鋼(gang)(gang)支(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)是空(kong)心(xin)的(de)，所(suo)以緊接著就是把鋼(gang)(gang)筋放(fang)進去，支(zhi)上模板就可以澆注窗戶(hu)(hu)的(de)過梁了，下一(yi)步就是澆注窗框的(de)混凝土了，這(zhe)就是窗戶(hu)(hu)的(de)加固的(de)方法(fa)。

　　實習的(de)時(shi)間過(guo)的(de)很(hen)快呀，一(yi)轉眼一(yi)個月的(de)時(shi)間過(guo)去(qu)了(le)，在這(zhe)次(ci)實習中(zhong)我學到(dao)了(le)很(hen)多的(de)知識(shi)，從中(zhong)我收獲很(hen)大，實習的(de)心(xin)得(de)體會很(hen)多。

　　首先，我(wo)(wo)懂得在(zai)我(wo)(wo)們(men)學習的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)不(bu)能太單一(yi)。我(wo)(wo)們(men)不(bu)能只停留在(zai)建筑施(shi)工(gong)上，我(wo)(wo)們(men)要(yao)(yao)盡量多學點知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識，比如這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)次的(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)房(fang)加固工(gong)程實(shi)(shi)習，讓(rang)我(wo)(wo)學到了不(bu)一(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識，讓(rang)我(wo)(wo)對(dui)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識有(you)了初步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)了解，使我(wo)(wo)以后在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作不(bu)至于很(hen)陌生，新建一(yi)個(ge)磚(zhuan)混(hun)(hun)結構的(de)(de)(de)房(fang)子和對(dui)一(yi)個(ge)老(lao)房(fang)子進行加固是兩(liang)個(ge)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝，一(yi)開(kai)始我(wo)(wo)還以為(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)很(hen)簡(jian)單，不(bu)就是磚(zhuan)混(hun)(hun)結構嘛(ma)，當(dang)我(wo)(wo)真(zhen)正實(shi)(shi)習的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)才知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道不(bu)是我(wo)(wo)想象的(de)(de)(de)那樣，里面(mian)有(you)許多知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識和細節是我(wo)(wo)們(men)沒見過的(de)(de)(de)，需要(yao)(yao)我(wo)(wo)們(men)去學習和掌握的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)次的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)習填充了我(wo)(wo)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)空白，我(wo)(wo)會(hui)好(hao)好(hao)記住(zhu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)次實(shi)(shi)習的(de)(de)(de)，我(wo)(wo)們(men)要(yao)(yao)學的(de)(de)(de)還有(you)很(hen)多，藝多不(bu)壓身，我(wo)(wo)們(men)要(yao)(yao)好(hao)好(hao)學習，是自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識更充實(shi)(shi)，為(wei)以后我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作打下了堅(jian)實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。

　　其次，在(zai)組織(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)上(shang)我(wo)收獲很大(da)。我(wo)以前的幾(ji)次實習(xi)都(dou)是只參(can)與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，還從(cong)來沒(mei)有(you)參(can)與(yu)組織(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)中，而(er)這次的實習(xi)我(wo)在(zai)項(xiang)目部(bu)是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術員(yuan)，所以在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中我(wo)的地位很重要(yao)，每周的例(li)會項(xiang)目部(bu)中只有(you)我(wo)和項(xiang)目經理(li)我(wo)們兩(liang)個去參(can)加，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)地上(shang)我(wo)要(yao)為施(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊提供技術指(zhi)導和組織(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)他(ta)們的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)上(shang)，一開始我(wo)并不懂怎(zen)樣(yang)去管(guan)(guan)理(li)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，在(zai)學(xue)校雖然開設了(le)(le)這門課(ke)程，但是進入工(gong)(gong)地后就出現(xian)問題(ti)了(le)(le)，一系列的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)不甚(shen)了(le)(le)解。

　　例(li)如剛(gang)開始我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)并不了解它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)流程(cheng)，在師(shi)傅的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)引下(xia)通過(guo)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設計的(de)(de)(de)熟讀和(he)(he)理(li)解，了解到它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)規則(ze)是漸進式的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)環(huan)相扣，為了常握這(zhe)一規則(ze)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)認(ren)真的(de)(de)(de)參(can)加項(xiang)目部(bu)發出的(de)(de)(de)每一項(xiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)令，而且(qie)擬(ni)制施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)指(zhi)(zhi)令，經(jing)過(guo)親身(shen)實(shi)(shi)踐，這(zhe)一規則(ze)很(hen)快(kuai)被我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)所(suo)掌握，但是在這(zhe)次(ci)實(shi)(shi)習中，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)準備的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)令建議都沒有被工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊所(suo)采納，他們(men)說我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)令建議在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度(du)的(de)(de)(de)完成效率和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)達標(biao)程(cheng)度(du)上，只重(zhong)視質(zhi)量(liang)忽(hu)視了施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度(du)，考慮(lv)不全面，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度(du)和(he)(he)質(zhi)量(liang)要齊頭并進，加強鍛煉和(he)(he)學習，在這(zhe)方面的(de)(de)(de)能力還有待提(ti)高(gao)。經(jing)過(guo)這(zhe)次(ci)實(shi)(shi)習，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)管理(li)上有了很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)掌握，這(zhe)對(dui)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)以后實(shi)(shi)習和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)去參(can)與組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)管理(li)打下(xia)了堅實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。

　　另外(wai)，我還學到(dao)了怎(zen)么去填資(zi)料(liao)，在幫助資(zi)料(liao)員(yuan)做(zuo)資(zi)料(liao)的過程中(zhong)，我學到(dao)了怎(zen)么去做(zuo)資(zi)料(liao)，什(shen)么時候做(zuo)什(shen)么樣(yang)的資(zi)料(liao)，需什(shen)么人簽字等。這次實習讓(rang)我學會了怎(zen)樣(yang)去做(zuo)資(zi)料(liao)，我發現做(zuo)資(zi)料(liao)是一件很(hen)不(bu)容易的事，這些是我以前沒有接觸過的。

　　在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)上實習的(de)(de)這一(yi)個月，讓我(wo)(wo)感觸最(zui)深的(de)(de)一(yi)點(dian)(dian)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)問題。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)身為(wei)項目部的(de)(de)一(yi)員(yuan)，自己必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)起到(dao)(dao)(dao)很好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)帶頭作用，因(yin)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)問題是(shi)(shi)(shi)很重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)，實習中(zhong)我(wo)(wo)們(men)經常對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)進(jin)行(xing)安(an)全(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)。我(wo)(wo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)總結(jie)了一(yi)些安(an)全(quan)問題：第(di)(di)一(yi)，進(jin)入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)必(bi)須保護好(hao)(hao)頭部，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說必(bi)須戴安(an)全(quan)帽(mao);第(di)(di)二，同(tong)樣要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保護好(hao)(hao)腳(jiao)下，因(yin)為(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)里很容(rong)易踩到(dao)(dao)(dao)釘子;第(di)(di)三，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)外腳(jiao)手架上行(xing)走的(de)(de)時(shi)候一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)(yi)不要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)踩空，有時(shi)扎絲沒把(ba)竹片(pian)固定好(hao)(hao)，很容(rong)易劃掉，這一(yi)點(dian)(dian)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)經常安(an)排在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)外腳(jiao)手架上工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)們(men);第(di)(di)四，注意(yi)(yi)高空墜物，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)一(yi)個垂直(zhi)面(mian)都在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)時(shi)候，這一(yi)點(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)全(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)中(zhong)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)多次提起，一(yi)定讓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)注意(yi)(yi);第(di)(di)五(wu)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)中(zhong)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)用電，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)我(wo)(wo)們(men)一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)(yi)安(an)全(quan)用電，不要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)把(ba)三相與兩(liang)相線(xian)搞(gao)錯了，還有就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)亂(luan)接(jie)和亂(luan)搭電線(xian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)外的(de)(de)電閘一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)(yi)安(an)裝電箱，防(fang)止下雨淋到(dao)(dao)(dao)電線(xian);第(di)(di)六(liu)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)危險的(de)(de)地(di)方安(an)放提示牌，這一(yi)點(dian)(dian)好(hao)(hao)多工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)為(wei)了省錢(qian)，就(jiu)不把(ba)它當回(hui)事，其實這點(dian)(dian)也很重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，因(yin)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)的(de)(de)周圍(wei)的(de)(de)居民，這點(dian)(dian)不可忽視。

　　我(wo)們快要畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)了，這(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)是我(wo)們的畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)實習(xi)，我(wo)們的最后一次(ci)實習(xi)，我(wo)們之(zhi)前(qian)也(ye)有(you)(you)過很(hen)多次(ci)的實習(xi)，其實我(wo)認為實習(xi)對我(wo)們是一個(ge)(ge)很(hen)好的機會(hui)，自我(wo)認為在學(xue)校里學(xue)習(xi)的都是理論知(zhi)識(shi)，還沒有(you)(you)上升到實踐，對于一個(ge)(ge)技術要求(qiu)很(hen)高的專業(ye)(ye)，實習(xi)是檢驗學(xue)習(xi)水(shui)平好壞的一個(ge)(ge)過程。在實習(xi)中我(wo)們能(neng)發(fa)現很(hen)多的問題(ti)，通(tong)過發(fa)現問題(ti)和(he)解決問題(ti)的過程，就是一個(ge)(ge)很(hen)好的學(xue)習(xi)過程，這(zhe)(zhe)樣我(wo)們才能(neng)學(xue)到更(geng)多的知(zhi)識(shi)和(he)加深對知(zhi)識(shi)的掌握(wo)。但是我(wo)們的畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)實習(xi)時(shi)間太(tai)短了，希望學(xue)校以后能(neng)對我(wo)們專業(ye)(ye)安排畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)實習(xi)的時(shi)間有(you)(you)所(suo)加長。

建筑專業的實習報告篇6

　　1實習方向：

　　工程力學(xue)認識實(shi)習(xi)

　　2實習目的：

　　讓(rang)我們從實(shi)踐中(zhong)對(dui)這門自己即(ji)將從事的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)獲得一(yi)(yi)個(ge)感性(xing)認(ren)識，為今后專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)課的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)習打下堅實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu),為今后書(shu)本與實(shi)踐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結合打下基礎(chu)。實(shi)習中(zhong)，將所學(xue)(xue)知(zhi)識和實(shi)習內(nei)容互相驗證，并對(dui)一(yi)(yi)些實(shi)際(ji)問(wen)題加以分析和討論，使學(xue)(xue)生對(dui)建(jian)筑(zhu)工程專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本知(zhi)識有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感性(xing)認(ren)識，了(le)解專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)概(gai)況，為后續專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)理論知(zhi)識的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)習奠定一(yi)(yi)個(ge)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)，同時，使學(xue)(xue)生對(dui)本行業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)性(xing)質有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)初步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)解，培養學(xue)(xue)生對(dui)本專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱愛，強化學(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事業(ye)(ye)心(xin)和責(ze)任感，鞏固專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)思想。通過(guo)實(shi)習讓(rang)我們對(dui)建(jian)筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規模,作(zuo)用及(ji)特點有(you)了(le)初步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)解。

　　3實習過程

　　(一)

　　實習時間：20xx年06月22日

　　實習地點：**大學建筑技術示范(fan)基地

　　在實踐基地有各種建筑模型，散(san)水，排水管，屋面桁架，植被屋面，保溫(wen)墻的三種做法(fa)等等。

　　種(zhong)(zhong)植屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)：在屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)防水層上付土覆土或(huo)鋪設鋸末(mo)、蛭石等松散材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，并(bing)種(zhong)(zhong)植植物，起到隔熱(re)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)。鋼筋(jin)(jin)直螺(luo)紋接頭(tou)優點：接頭(tou)抗拉強(qiang)度(du)高，質(zhi)量(liang)可(ke)靠，不(bu)燒(shao)傷鋼筋(jin)(jin)不(bu)減少有效截面(mian)面(mian)積，工(gong)(gong)(gong)序簡單，成本較低，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安全，不(bu)污染環(huan)境(jing)。受氣候影響。能(neng)做到連(lian)續工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝：購入(ru)成螺(luo)紋連(lian)接套筒并(bing)驗收(shou)合格，鋼筋(jin)(jin)斷(duan)料(liao)(liao)，斷(duan)頭(tou)切平。鋼筋(jin)(jin)螺(luo)紋滾壓成型(xing)鋼筋(jin)(jin)現場螺(luo)紋直接。空(kong)心砌塊磚(zhuan)：煤渣、煤矸石、尾(wei)礦渣、化工(gong)(gong)(gong)渣或(huo)天然(ran)砂、海涂(tu)泥(ni)等(以(yi)上原料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)數種(zhong)(zhong))作(zuo)為主要原料(liao)(liao)，不(bu)經高溫煅燒(shao)而制(zhi)造的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)新型(xing)墻體材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)稱之為免燒(shao)磚(zhuan)。由于該種(zhong)(zhong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)強(qiang)度(du)高、耐(nai)久性好(hao)、尺寸(cun)標(biao)準、外形完整、色澤均一(yi)，具有古樸自(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)外觀，可(ke)做清水墻也可(ke)以(yi)做任何(he)外裝飾。因此，是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)取代粘土磚(zhuan)的(de)(de)極有發(fa)展前(qian)景的(de)(de)更新換代產品。

　　(二)

　　實習(xi)時間(jian)：20xx年06月23日

　　實習地點(dian)：****再建商(shang)業區

　　建(jian)筑總面積為6300平方(fang)米。工程期三年零六個月，施(shi)工以基本完成，正(zheng)在進(jin)行裝修階段。建(jian)筑采用(yong)框架結構，受力方(fang)式為梁板承(cheng)重結構。花崗巖鋼架固定(ding)式貼墻，外(wai)觀美(mei)觀，堅固耐(nai)用(yong)。外(wai)墻是玻璃幕墻具有良(liang)好的(de)(de)隔(ge)聲(sheng)﹑隔(ge)熱及保溫(wen)的(de)(de)功能。

　　點(dian)支(zhi)式(shi)玻璃幕墻施工(gong)工(gong)藝流程：

　　(1)測量放線

　　(2)鋼(gang)結構制(zhi)作安裝

　　(3)焊接處理

　　(4)接件安裝

　　(5)玻璃清洗及安裝

　　(6)調(diao)整打膠清洗(xi)

　　(7)檢查驗收

　　由于再建建筑(zhu)間加了剛結構(gou)天橋，建筑(zhu)局部將(jiang)承受更多荷載(zai)，必須(xu)做(zuo)加固處(chu)理。采用了粘貼鋼板(ban)和(he)碳纖維方法加固。確保了天橋放置(zhi)處(chu)梁及柱的安全。

　　(三)

　　實習時間：20xx年(nian)06月24日

　　實習地點：****路生(sheng)活區舊城改造工程

　　建筑物采用框(kuang)架(jia)結構(gou)，承(cheng)受結構(gou)由(you)混凝土現(xian)澆而成，圍護構(gou)建是(shi)混凝土砌(qi)塊，地下二層，地上十八層。建筑面(mian)積11432平方米。墻體上預(yu)留洞(dong)一部(bu)分是(shi)支(zhi)模板(ban)澆灌水(shui)泥時用來(lai)固定(ding)模板(ban)的(de)(de)，還有其它(ta)的(de)(de)洞(dong)眼是(shi)留做線路(lu)通道。樓(lou)梯(ti)口處樓(lou)板(ban)混凝土只留配筋，目的(de)(de)是(shi)以便工程(cheng)驗收只用。由(you)于砌(qi)塊澆注(zhu)問(wen)題(ti)，出(chu)(chu)現(xian)了(le)墻體局部(bu)不垂直，砂(sha)輪機將突出(chu)(chu)部(bu)分打磨掉(diao)，保證墻體的(de)(de)平整。

　　(四)

　　實習時(shi)間：20xx年(nian)06月25日(ri)

　　實(shi)習地點：**大橋

　　**最大的城(cheng)市(shi)橋梁(liang)工程，也時省內技術(shu)較為先(xian)進規模較大的城(cheng)市(shi)橋梁(liang)，時也是配(pei)合(he)**公園中再建景(jing)觀橋。全長(chang)220米，單跨100米，總寬55米。由市(shi)城(cheng)建局(ju)項目部及施(shi)工方組織承建。

　　大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)采用拱型(xing)結構。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)跨(kua)為剛(gang)管拱，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)跨(kua)由四根(gen)預應力鋼(gang)(gang)絞(jiao)固(gu)定，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)跨(kua)兩側的(de)拱為半拱，混凝土澆鑄而成。兩個半跨(kua)下(xia)面(mian)的(de)柱子連接處(chu)加了(le)抗(kang)震橡膠(jiao)墊(dian)。從而減少地震力對橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身造成的(de)破(po)壞。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)由左右(you)兩個主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)跨(kua)用懸索支撐。圓弧鋼(gang)(gang)管用混凝土填充，該(gai)結構能(neng)抵抗(kang)更大(da)的(de)壓力和(he)拉力，提高了(le)整體的(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)和(he)強度。在(zai)大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)跨(kua)之間(jian)用大(da)量(liang)的(de)‘k’型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)架(jia)固(gu)定。預防(fang)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)左右(you)晃動，增強了(le)大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)整體性(xing)。

　　(五)

　　實習(xi)時間：20xx年06月(yue)26日

　　實習地點(dian)：**市**生態工業園區在建汽車裝(zhuang)配車間

　　廠(chang)房為南北兩跨結構，房頂鋼架由主次梁構成，主梁橫向，次梁縱向，次梁搭在主梁上。主次梁成矩形，結構簡單(dan)，受力合理(li)。增(zeng)強(qiang)建筑的整體(ti)穩定性。

　　整(zheng)個廠房(fang)由(you)三(san)排牛腿(tui)柱兩排屋架(jia)組裝而(er)成(cheng)，搭(da)建(jian)單層(ceng)雙跨(kua)廠房(fang)。堅固耐用，經濟合理。牛腿(tui)柱的安裝方法是澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)杯(bei)型基礎，再將預制的牛腿(tui)柱吊裝到基礎之中，

　　調整柱的位(wei)置，然后放置柳丁，用水(shui)泥砂漿(jiang)灌縫填充固(gu)定。現場(chang)工人(ren)師傅正(zheng)在(zai)預制鋼筋混凝土桁架(jia)屋(wu)頂(ding)。屋(wu)頂(ding)為三角(jiao)形，每一(yi)個模型(xing)可做四(si)個屋(wu)頂(ding)。不僅省時省力，而且(qie)減(jian)少了預制屋(wu)頂(ding)制作時的誤差(cha)。

　　(六)

　　實習(xi)時間：20xx年06月29日

　　實習(xi)地點：六教101教室

　　觀看(kan)了關于力(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資料片，主要講了在航空航天(tian)及(ji)(ji)水利(li)(li)工程(cheng)領域(yu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。固體(ti)力(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)是(shi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)中形成較(jiao)早(zao)、理論性較(jiao)強、應(ying)用(yong)(yong)較(jiao)廣(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)分支(zhi)，它主要研(yan)究可變形固體(ti)在外界因素(如(ru)載荷、溫度、濕(shi)度等(deng))作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下，其內部各(ge)個(ge)質(zhi)點所產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位移、運動(dong)、應(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)、應(ying)變以及(ji)(ji)破(po)壞等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規律。流體(ti)力(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)主要研(yan)究在各(ge)種力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下，流體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態，以及(ji)(ji)流體(ti)和固體(ti)壁面、流體(ti)和流體(ti)間、流體(ti)與其他運動(dong)形態之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要分支(zhi)。計算力(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)是(shi)根(gen)據力(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理論，利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)現代電(dian)子計算機(ji)和各(ge)種數(shu)值(zhi)方法，解決力(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)門新興學(xue)(xue)科。它橫貫力(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)分支(zhi)，不(bu)斷擴大各(ge)個(ge)領域(yu)中力(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究和應(ying)用(yong)(yong)范圍，同時也在逐(zhu)漸(jian)發展(zhan)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理論和方法。

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