施工現場簽(qian)證(zheng)存(cun)在的(de)問題及對(dui)策(ce)

　　一、引言

　　長期以來，如(ru)何合理有效地控(kong)(kong)制工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)，使有限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資金創造(zao)出(chu)更多(duo)、更大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效益，一直是(shi)值得關注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題。合理有效地控(kong)(kong)制工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)，貫穿于(yu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資決(jue)策階段(duan)、設(she)計(ji)階段(duan)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)項目發(fa)包階段(duan)和建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)階段(duan)。工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個階段(duan)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)控(kong)(kong)制各(ge)有其特點，在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，所起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用和重要(yao)(yao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度也(ye)有所不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。從投(tou)(tou)(tou)資決(jue)策階段(duan)至招投(tou)(tou)(tou)標階段(duan)，由于(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計(ji)已經完成，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總投(tou)(tou)(tou)資已初見(jian)端倪。但此時工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)一個量(liang)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資額，真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資卻(que)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)發(fa)生在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)階段(duan)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)場簽(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)期間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種因素(su)和條件發(fa)生變化(hua)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實(shi)(shi)記錄和證(zheng)(zheng)實(shi)(shi)。也(ye)是(shi)承、發(fa)包雙方(fang)承包合同(tong)以外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)變化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)記錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簽(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)。它是(shi)計(ji)算(suan)預算(suan)外費用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原始依(yi)據，是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)階段(duan)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)組成部分。現(xian)(xian)(xian)場簽(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正確與否，直接影響(xiang)到(dao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)。由于(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資規模(mo)較大，技術含量(liang)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提高，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)周(zhou)期長，設(she)備材料型號規格多(duo)、價(jia)(jia)格變化(hua)快，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)合同(tong)不(bu)(bu)可能(neng)對整個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)期間(jian)可能(neng)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)作(zuo)出(chu)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預見(jian)和約(yue)定(ding)。此外，在(zai)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，由于(yu)主客(ke)觀條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)也(ye)會給整個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)帶來不(bu)(bu)確定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)。因此，在(zai)整個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)都(dou)會發(fa)生現(xian)(xian)(xian)場簽(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)而最終(zhong)以價(jia)(jia)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式體現(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)算(suan)中(zhong)。筆(bi)者多(duo)年(nian)來審核了(le)許多(duo)類型工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)算(suan)，并參與了(le)多(duo)個工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)跟蹤(zong)控(kong)(kong)制，總結(jie)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)現(xian)(xian)(xian)場簽(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些問(wen)題，拋磚引玉，僅供(gong)參考。

　　二、施工現場簽證存在的主要問題

　　1、現場(chang)簽(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人員對(dui)造價(jia)管理控(kong)制(zhi)意識淡薄(bo)。現場(chang)業主(zhu)代(dai)表(biao)不(bu)重視現場(chang)簽(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，缺乏造價(jia)管理控(kong)制(zhi)意識，有的(de)對(dui)簽(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工作既不(bu)負責任也不(bu)認真，未經(jing)核(he)實(shi)就隨意簽(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，往往因簽(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)內容(rong)與實(shi)際不(bu)符而造成不(bu)必(bi)要的(de)經(jing)濟損失。如多孔板樓面細石(shi)混凝土找(zhao)平層(ceng)的(de)厚度設計一般為40mm，可簽(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)竟為80mm；道路(lu)基(ji)層(ceng)明明只(zhi)有15cm碎石(shi)墊層(ceng)，簽(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)卻變層(ceng)35cm三(san)渣基(ji)層(ceng)；少量的(de)變更和附加一點零星用工，其(qi)簽(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人工卻被幾倍地擴大，明顯(xian)失實(shi)。許多簽(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)(fang)式不(bu)規范、內容(rong)不(bu)詳盡、手(shou)續不(bu)完(wan)備，且多由承包方(fang)(fang)擬稿(gao)，業主(zhu)現場(chang)代(dai)表(biao)簽(qian)上(shang)“同意”、“屬實(shi)”等字(zi)，沒(mei)有附圖與詳細資料，工程數(shu)量無從核(he)實(shi)，定額子目無從確定。

　　2．現場(chang)簽(qian)(qian)證(zheng)人員(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)熟悉招標文件和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)合同，對定額(e)費用組成(cheng)缺乏了(le)解。有(you)的(de)內容已(yi)經(jing)包(bao)括(kuo)在(zai)定額(e)工(gong)作(zuo)內容中(zhong)，簽(qian)(qian)證(zheng)認(ren)可就使得重(zhong)復計(ji)價。如(ru)挖濕土(tu)定額(e)中(zhong)已(yi)經(jing)包(bao)括(kuo)抽(chou)水(shui)臺(tai)班，但仍有(you)簽(qian)(qian)證(zheng)認(ren)可抽(chou)水(shui)臺(tai)班多少；有(you)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)內容明(ming)明(ming)是包(bao)干范圍內的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)內容，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)遞上簽(qian)(qian)證(zheng)單(dan)，簽(qian)(qian)證(zheng)人員(yuan)(yuan)一看該工(gong)作(zuo)量確實(shi)發生了(le)，提(ti)筆便簽(qian)(qian)，他哪(na)里(li)知道這是對中(zhong)標承包(bao)價中(zhong)已(yi)包(bao)括(kuo)內容的(de)重(zhong)復簽(qian)(qian)證(zheng)。

　　3．對設(she)計(ji)缺乏有效約(yue)束。有的圖(tu)紙節點設(she)計(ji)不(bu)夠(gou)詳細，做法說明不(bu)夠(gou)全面，設(she)計(ji)過(guo)于粗糙，局部用(yong)料(liao)計(ji)算不(bu)合(he)理，設(she)計(ji)環節經濟控(kong)制深度(du)不(bu)夠(gou)，難以進行多方案論(lun)證。設(she)計(ji)管理力(li)度(du)不(bu)夠(gou)，存在(zai)大量先(xian)施工(gong)，后出(chu)聯系單(dan)現(xian)象，資料(liao)中反(fan)映(ying)設(she)計(ji)人員(yuan)僅作簽名，無相關(guan)意見。另外，設(she)計(ji)過(guo)分考慮了建筑物整體外觀形式的美觀，未(wei)考慮整個(ge)工(gong)程的造價(jia)情況，因(yin)此給簽證工(gong)作帶來(lai)(lai)很大的麻煩，施工(gong)單(dan)位提出(chu)許(xu)多問題，只考慮用(yong)料(liao)越來(lai)(lai)越好，未(wei)考慮成本(ben)核算。

　　4．簽(qian)證(zheng)日期(qi)與(yu)實(shi)際(ji)不(bu)(bu)符。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)簽(qian)證(zheng)的(de)含(han)義就(jiu)是在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)發生合同以(yi)外的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)費(fei)用，雙方代(dai)表當時就(jiu)在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)實(shi)際(ji)發生進行測定、描述，辦(ban)理簽(qian)證(zheng)手(shou)續(xu)，作為工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)結算(suan)的(de)計費(fei)依據(ju)(ju)。所(suo)以(yi)要(yao)求現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)簽(qian)證(zheng)必須及(ji)時，但是有的(de)負www.責(ze)簽(qian)證(zheng)人員不(bu)(bu)負責(ze)任，當時不(bu)(bu)辦(ban)理，口頭答(da)應(ying)，事后回(hui)(hui)憶補辦(ban)，甚至在審計過程(cheng)(cheng)中還(huan)在辦(ban)簽(qian)證(zheng)手(shou)續(xu)。這樣只(zhi)能導致現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)發生的(de)具體(ti)情(qing)況回(hui)(hui)憶不(bu)(bu)清(qing)，補寫的(de)簽(qian)證(zheng)單與(yu)實(shi)際(ji)發生的(de)條件不(bu)(bu)符，數(shu)據(ju)(ju)不(bu)(bu)準，待結算(suan)或審計過程(cheng)(cheng)中雙方代(dai)表經常互相爭(zheng)吵(chao)扯皮(pi)。此外，這種回(hui)(hui)憶錄式的(de)簽(qian)證(zheng)，其準確(que)程(cheng)(cheng)度不(bu)(bu)言而喻，再加上市場(chang)(chang)(chang)價格是隨(sui)時波動的(de)；有些承包商故意在簽(qian)證(zheng)日期(qi)上做(zuo)文(wen)章，以(yi)獲得不(bu)(bu)合理的(de)利潤(run)。

　　5．監理單(dan)(dan)(dan)位對建材驗收時(shi)不夠認(ren)真(zhen)。部分材料驗收質保(bao)書(shu)、合格證(zheng)、規格、型號不一致，監理單(dan)(dan)(dan)位驗收時(shi)不夠認(ren)真(zhen)。例(li)如，某工程需(xu)大(da)量(liang)鋪貼淺棕灰花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖板材，經業主(zhu)、設計反(fan)復比對決定(ding)用(yong)安(an)徽產岳(yue)西紅花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖板，并確定(ding)包(bao)干價，而施(shi)工單(dan)(dan)(dan)位在施(shi)工過程中(zhong)用(yong)其他板材替(ti)代(dai)，盡管顏色相近，但價格卻比原(yuan)來的便宜很多，而現場業主(zhu)代(dai)表(biao)及(ji)監理人員仍按岳(yue)西紅板材予以簽(qian)證(zheng)確認(ren)，誤差(cha)數(shu)十萬元。

　　6．負責簽證的(de)雙(shuang)方代表，經(jing)常不(bu)是(shi)雙(shuang)方法人授權(quan)的(de)，或(huo)超出授權(quan)范(fan)圍簽證。一(yi)個內容(rong)業主(zhu)單位多頭簽證，張(zhang)三簽，李(li)四(si)也(ye)簽，這容(rong)易給某(mou)些(xie)圖謀(mou)不(bu)軌的(de)承(cheng)包商鉆空子，與合(he)同示(shi)范(fan)本(ben)規(gui)定的(de)只有(you)業主(zhu)現(xian)場代表才有(you)權(quan)簽證不(bu)符，往往會產生不(bu)合(he)理簽證。還有(you)一(yi)些(xie)雖(sui)然內容(rong)完整，條理清楚，但(dan)雙(shuang)方代表簽字蓋章不(bu)全，手續不(bu)完整亦屬于合(he)法性不(bu)足(zu)的(de)簽證。

　　7．簽證不合理，濫用點工。如拆除項目明(ming)明(ming)可(ke)以(yi)套(tao)用相(xiang)關定(ding)額計算卻(que)另(ling)行簽證人工；材料二次搬運費(fei)用本已包含在(zai)定(ding)額費(fei)用中卻(que)增加簽證點工等等。

　　三、如何有效完善和控制施工現場簽證

　　以(yi)上常見的(de)(de)(de)幾種情(qing)況(kuang)，足以(yi)給(gei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造價(jia)(jia)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)帶來(lai)諸(zhu)多困難(nan)，如(ru)果(guo)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)結算時也(ye)不嚴格把(ba)關，馬(ma)虎了事，將給(gei)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)造成(cheng)很大的(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)。據(ju)統計，由于工(gong)(gong)(gong)程量(liang)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)問題所(suo)引起的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程結算價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)上升幅度可達15%—25%，個(ge)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)甚(shen)至更(geng)高，如(ru)果(guo)不慎重對待工(gong)(gong)(gong)程量(liang)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造價(jia)(jia)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)極易(yi)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)漏(lou)洞(dong)，造成(cheng)資金的(de)(de)(de)大量(liang)浪費。導致現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場簽(qian)(qian)(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)漏(lou)洞(dong)，既有(you)人(ren)為因(yin)(yin)素也(ye)有(you)可變因(yin)(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)影響。簽(qian)(qian)(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是一(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)政策性(xing)，技術(shu)性(xing)，經(jing)濟性(xing)很強的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，各方應委派具有(you)相(xiang)應專業(ye)(ye)知識的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)(jin)行管(guan)理(li)。筆(bi)者長(chang)期(qi)從事工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)結算審核(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，從中(zhong)體會(hui)到把(ba)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場簽(qian)(qian)(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)理(li)地控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)好，必須增強現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場簽(qian)(qian)(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)意識，提(ti)高現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場簽(qian)(qian)(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)素質，加(jia)強職業(ye)(ye)道德教育，根據(ju)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)特點，對簽(qian)(qian)(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)員(yuan)有(you)針對性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)強業(ye)(ye)務(wu)培訓，使(shi)他們掌握一(yi)些基本造價(jia)(jia)知識，做到既熟悉現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場實際情(qing)況(kuang)，又熟悉有(you)關規定，能充分掌握所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)信息和數據(ju)并(bing)進(jin)(jin)行分析處理(li)，把(ba)好簽(qian)(qian)(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)內容關。對于較重要的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，應由造價(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程師從立(li)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、簽(qian)(qian)(qian)訂合(he)(he)同、現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場管(guan)理(li)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程款支(zhi)付、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程預結算、財務(wu)決算等全過程參與，以(yi)便使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造價(jia)(jia)在整個(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建設(she)過程中(zhong)得(de)到有(you)效(xiao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。那么(me)如(ru)何有(you)效(xiao)完(wan)善和控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場簽(qian)(qian)(qian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)呢？

　　1．要嚴格(ge)三方簽證(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)度。所有(you)的(de)現場簽證(zheng)必須經施(shi)工(gong)單位項目經理(li)、總監理(li)工(gong)程(cheng)師、業(ye)主代表三方共同(tong)簽字方為有(you)效。簽證(zheng)應一(yi)式數份(fen)，及(ji)時報(bao)送有(you)關審核(he)部門(men)，對重大(da)的(de)隱(yin)蔽工(gong)程(cheng)，應該有(you)審核(he)部門(men)的(de)人(ren)員參加；另外，有(you)條件(jian)的(de)業(ye)主可以指派工(gong)程(cheng)造價(jia)管理(li)專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)員常駐(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)現場，隨時掌握、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)程(cheng)造價(jia)的(de)變(bian)化情況，進行跟蹤(zong)費用控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。

　　2．簽證內容(rong)必須與實際相符。要(yao)(yao)加強現場工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理人員經濟(ji)觀(guan)點及思想素質(zhi)教育，要(yao)(yao)求他們不僅要(yao)(yao)懂得設(she)計、施工(gong)技術，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)具備工(gong)程(cheng)經濟(ji)方(fang)面的知識。培(pei)養他們實事求是的作風，在抓好工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)、工(gong)期、安全監督的同時(shi)，充分重視節約(yue)工(gong)程(cheng)投資的重要(yao)(yao)性(xing)。

　　3．簽(qian)證(zheng)的(de)范圍應正確。現場(chang)工程管(guan)理人員必須認真(zhen)閱(yue)讀(du)招標文(wen)件及投標文(wen)件，明確招投標范圍，凡合同(tong)、定額(e)及有關文(wen)件中(zhong)已有規定的(de)項目，切勿盲(mang)目簽(qian)證(zheng)。

　　4．現(xian)場(chang)(chang)簽證尤其隱蔽工程(cheng)量的簽證中要注(zhu)明時間、地點、工程(cheng)部(bu)位(wei)、事由、并附上(shang)計算(suan)簡圖、標明尺寸、注(zhu)上(shang)原(yuan)始數據，明確結算(suan)方式(shi)、結算(suan)單價。對于一些隱蔽工程(cheng)或(huo)重大(da)的現(xian)場(chang)(chang)變化，還應及時拍照或(huo)錄(lu)像，以保存原(yuan)始資料備查。

　　5、簽(qian)證(zheng)要(yao)及時(shi)，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工中隨發生隨進行簽(qian)證(zheng)，應當做到(dao)一次(ci)一簽(qian)證(zheng)，一事一簽(qian)證(zheng)，及時(shi)處理。堅(jian)決杜絕施(shi)(shi)工過程中不(bu)及時(shi)辦理，結算時(shi)搞突擊(ji)現象。

　　6．著重作好(hao)隱蔽(bi)簽(qian)證管理。投(tou)資控(kong)制在實施組(zu)織設計(ji)和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，尤其(qi)要(yao)把好(hao)隱蔽(bi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量的(de)簽(qian)認關。隱蔽(bi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)簽(qian)證是(shi)指施工(gong)(gong)(gong)完以后將(jiang)被覆蓋(gai)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)簽(qian)證。此類簽(qian)證資料一旦(dan)缺少將(jiang)難以完成結算(suan)，因此，應特別(bie)注(zhu)意搞好(hao)以下(xia)幾方(fang)面記(ji)(ji)錄：①基礎換填(tian)，材質，深度，寬度記(ji)(ji)錄；②樁(zhuang)入土深度及有關出槽(cao)(cao)量記(ji)(ji)錄；③基坑(keng)開挖驗槽(cao)(cao)記(ji)(ji)錄。④鋼筋(jin)驗收記(ji)(ji)錄。只有這樣，才能使隱蔽(bi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)簽(qian)證及時和真實。

　　7．明確簽(qian)證范圍(wei)和權限。用(yong)制度(du)約束：什(shen)么(me)范圍(wei)簽(qian)證現場業主代表可(ke)以確認(ren)；什(shen)么(me)范圍(wei)簽(qian)證須(xu)由建設(she)單位(wei)負責人(ren)簽(qian)證認(ren)可(ke)；什(shen)么(me)簽(qian)證又(you)必(bi)須(xu)業主、總監、設(she)計會(hui)商并報(bao)上級部門批(pi)準等(deng)等(deng)。

　　8．簽(qian)證(zheng)要一(yi)式數(shu)份，各(ge)方至(zhi)少(shao)保(bao)存(cun)1份原件(jian)，避免自(zi)行修改，為(wei)結算時提供真實可靠的憑據。

　　9．簽(qian)(qian)證單(dan)應(ying)編號歸檔，在(zai)送審(shen)時，統(tong)一由送審(shen)單(dan)位(wei)加蓋“送審(shen)資料”章(zhang)，以證明(ming)此(ci)簽(qian)(qian)證單(dan)由送審(shen)單(dan)位(wei)提(ti)交給審(shen)核單(dan)位(wei)的，避免(mian)在(zai)審(shen)核過程中，各方(fang)根據自(zi)己的需(xu)要自(zi)行(xing)補(bu)交簽(qian)(qian)證單(dan)。

　　四、結束語

　　總之(zhi)，對現場簽(qian)證(zheng)有效(xiao)的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)看似簡單，其(qi)實也并不簡單，整個控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)過程(cheng)也是(shi)一(yi)個系統工(gong)程(cheng)。我們要充(chong)分認(ren)識(shi)到(dao)簽(qian)證(zheng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)是(shi)關鍵，創造適宜(yi)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)，合理(li)確定管理(li)目標，采用科學的(de)方(fang)法(fa)，切(qie)實從具體工(gong)作(zuo)做(zuo)起(qi)，規(gui)范現場簽(qian)證(zheng)，做(zuo)到(dao)事(shi)(shi)前控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，才能起(qi)到(dao)事(shi)(shi)半功倍的(de)效(xiao)果。

【施(shi)工現場(chang)簽證存在的問題(ti)及(ji)對策(ce)】相(xiang)關文章：

有關鄉鎮人大代表存在的問題及對策05-02

小學生在閱讀中存在的問題及其對策05-03

初中化學教學問題及對策12-18

鄉鎮臨雇人員存在問題的一些思考范文09-07

存在的作文10-03

隱形的存在作文06-14

論存在作文12-20

（集合）存在的作文11-25

存在的價值作文09-22