《魏公子(zi)列傳》原文(wen)及賞析

　　《魏公(gong)子列傳(chuan)》是(shi)(shi)西漢史學家司馬遷創作的一篇(pian)文言(yan)文，出(chu)自《史記·卷七十七·魏公(gong)子列傳(chuan)第(di)十七》。下面是(shi)(shi)小(xiao)編(bian)整理的《魏公(gong)子列傳(chuan)》原文及賞析　　

　　魏公子列傳

　　朝代：兩漢

　　作者：司馬遷

　　原文：

　　魏(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)無忌者，魏(wei)(wei)(wei)昭王少子(zi)(zi)而魏(wei)(wei)(wei)安釐(li)王異母(mu)弟也。昭王薨，安釐(li)王即位，封公(gong)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)信陵(ling)君。是時范睢亡(wang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)相秦，以怨魏(wei)(wei)(wei)齊(qi)故(gu)，秦兵(bing)圍大梁，破魏(wei)(wei)(wei)華陽下軍，走(zou)芒卯(mao)。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王及(ji)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)患之。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)人(ren)仁(ren)而下士(shi)(shi)，士(shi)(shi)無賢(xian)(xian)不(bu)肖皆謙而禮交之，不(bu)敢(gan)(gan)以其富貴驕士(shi)(shi)。士(shi)(shi)以此(ci)方(fang)數千里爭往歸之，致食客(ke)三千人(ren)。當(dang)是時，諸侯(hou)以公(gong)子(zi)(zi)賢(xian)(xian)，多客(ke)，不(bu)敢(gan)(gan)加(jia)兵(bing)謀魏(wei)(wei)(wei)十馀年。

　　公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)與魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)博，而北境傳舉烽，言(yan)“趙寇(kou)至，且入界”。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)釋博，欲(yu)召(zhao)大(da)臣(chen)(chen)謀。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)止王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“趙王(wang)(wang)(wang)田獵(lie)(lie)耳，非為(wei)寇(kou)也。”復(fu)(fu)博如故(gu)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)恐，心不(bu)在博。居頃，復(fu)(fu)從(cong)北方(fang)來傳言(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“趙王(wang)(wang)(wang)獵(lie)(lie)耳，非為(wei)寇(kou)也。”魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)大(da)驚，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)何以(yi)知(zhi)之？”公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“臣(chen)(chen)之客(ke)(ke)有(you)能深得趙王(wang)(wang)(wang)陰事者，趙王(wang)(wang)(wang)所為(wei)，客(ke)(ke)輒以(yi)報臣(chen)(chen)，臣(chen)(chen)以(yi)此知(zhi)之。”是后(hou)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)畏(wei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)之賢能，不(bu)敢任公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)國政。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)隱士曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)侯嬴，年七十，家貧，為(wei)大(da)梁夷(yi)門監者。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)聞之，往(wang)請，欲(yu)厚遺之。不(bu)肯受，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“臣(chen)(chen)脩身潔(jie)行數十年，終(zhong)不(bu)以(yi)監門困故(gu)而受公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)財。”公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)于是乃(nai)置(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)大(da)會賓客(ke)(ke)。坐(zuo)定，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)從(cong)車(che)騎，虛左，自(zi)迎夷(yi)門侯生(sheng)(sheng)。侯生(sheng)(sheng)攝(she)敝衣冠，直上(shang)(shang)載(zai)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)坐(zuo)，不(bu)讓，欲(yu)以(yi)觀(guan)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)執(zhi)轡(pei)愈恭。侯生(sheng)(sheng)又謂公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“臣(chen)(chen)有(you)客(ke)(ke)在市屠中，愿枉車(che)騎過(guo)之。”公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)引車(che)入巿，侯生(sheng)(sheng)下見其客(ke)(ke)朱亥，俾(bi)倪(ni)，故(gu)久立與其客(ke)(ke)語，微(wei)察(cha)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)顏色愈和。當是時，魏(wei)(wei)(wei)將(jiang)相宗室(shi)賓客(ke)(ke)滿堂(tang)，待(dai)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)舉酒(jiu)(jiu)。巿人(ren)皆(jie)觀(guan)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)執(zhi)轡(pei)。從(cong)騎皆(jie)竊罵侯生(sheng)(sheng)。侯生(sheng)(sheng)視(shi)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)色終(zhong)不(bu)變(bian)，乃(nai)謝客(ke)(ke)就車(che)。至家，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)引侯生(sheng)(sheng)坐(zuo)上(shang)(shang)坐(zuo)，遍贊賓客(ke)(ke)，賓客(ke)(ke)皆(jie)驚。酒(jiu)(jiu)酣(han)，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)起(qi)，為(wei)壽侯生(sheng)(sheng)前。

　　侯(hou)(hou)生因謂(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：“今日嬴(ying)(ying)之(zhi)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)亦足矣。嬴(ying)(ying)乃夷門抱關者(zhe)也(ye)，而(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)親(qin)枉(wang)車騎(qi)，自(zi)迎(ying)嬴(ying)(ying)于(yu)眾人廣坐之(zhi)中，不(bu)宜(yi)有所(suo)過，今公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)故(gu)(gu)過之(zhi)。然嬴(ying)(ying)欲就公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)名，故(gu)(gu)久立(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)車騎(qi)巿中，過客以(yi)觀(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)愈恭(gong)。巿人皆以(yi)嬴(ying)(ying)為小人，而(er)以(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)為長者(zhe)能(neng)下(xia)士(shi)也(ye)。”于(yu)是罷酒，侯(hou)(hou)生遂為上客。侯(hou)(hou)生謂(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：“臣所(suo)過屠者(zhe)朱亥(hai)，此(ci)子(zi)(zi)(zi)賢(xian)者(zhe)，世莫(mo)能(neng)知(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)隱屠間(jian)耳(er)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)往數請之(zhi)，朱亥(hai)故(gu)(gu)不(bu)復謝(xie)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)怪之(zhi)。

　　魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)安釐(li)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)二(er)十(shi)年，秦昭王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)已破趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)長平軍(jun)，又進(jin)兵圍邯(han)鄲(dan)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)姊(zi)為(wei)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)惠文王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)弟平原君(jun)夫(fu)人，數遺魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)及公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)書，請(qing)(qing)救(jiu)(jiu)于魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)(shi)將軍(jun)晉鄙(bi)將十(shi)萬(wan)眾救(jiu)(jiu)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。秦王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)告魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰：“吾攻趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)旦暮(mu)且下，而(er)諸侯敢(gan)救(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)，已拔趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，必移兵先(xian)擊之(zhi)(zhi)。”魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)恐，使(shi)(shi)人止晉鄙(bi)，留(liu)軍(jun)壁鄴，名為(wei)救(jiu)(jiu)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，實持兩端以觀望。平原君(jun)使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)冠蓋(gai)相屬于魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，讓(rang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)曰：“勝(sheng)所以自(zi)附為(wei)婚(hun)姻者(zhe)，以公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)高義(yi)，為(wei)能急人之(zhi)(zhi)困(kun)。今(jin)邯(han)鄲(dan)旦暮(mu)降(jiang)秦而(er)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)救(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)至(zhi)，安在(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)能急人之(zhi)(zhi)困(kun)也！且公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)縱輕勝(sheng)，棄(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)降(jiang)秦，獨(du)不(bu)(bu)憐公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)姊(zi)邪？”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)患(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)，數請(qing)(qing)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，及賓客辯(bian)士說(shuo)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)萬(wan)端。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)畏秦，終不(bu)(bu)聽公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)自(zi)度終不(bu)(bu)能得之(zhi)(zhi)于王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，計不(bu)(bu)獨(du)生而(er)令趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)亡，乃(nai)請(qing)(qing)賓客，約車(che)騎百馀乘，欲(yu)以客往赴秦軍(jun)，與(yu)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)俱死。

　　行(xing)(xing)(xing)過(guo)夷(yi)門，見(jian)侯生(sheng)，具(ju)告所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)欲死(si)秦(qin)(qin)軍狀(zhuang)。辭決而(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，侯生(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)勉(mian)之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)，老臣(chen)不(bu)能從。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)數(shu)里，心不(bu)快，曰(yue)(yue)：“吾所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)待侯生(sheng)者備(bei)矣(yi)，天下(xia)(xia)莫不(bu)聞(wen)，今(jin)(jin)(jin)吾且死(si)而(er)(er)(er)侯生(sheng)曾(ceng)無一言半辭送(song)我，我豈有所(suo)(suo)失哉？”復(fu)引車還，問侯生(sheng)。侯生(sheng)笑曰(yue)(yue)：“臣(chen)固(gu)知(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)還也(ye)。”曰(yue)(yue)：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)喜士，名聞(wen)天下(xia)(xia)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)有難，無他端而(er)(er)(er)欲赴(fu)秦(qin)(qin)軍，譬若以(yi)(yi)(yi)肉投餒虎，何功之(zhi)(zhi)有哉？尚安事客(ke)？然公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)遇(yu)臣(chen)厚，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)往(wang)而(er)(er)(er)臣(chen)不(bu)送(song)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)知(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)恨之(zhi)(zhi)復(fu)返也(ye)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)再(zai)拜，因問。侯生(sheng)乃屏人(ren)間語(yu)，曰(yue)(yue)：“嬴(ying)聞(wen)晉(jin)鄙之(zhi)(zhi)兵符常在王臥(wo)內，而(er)(er)(er)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬最幸(xing)，出入王臥(wo)內，力能竊之(zhi)(zhi)。嬴(ying)聞(wen)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬父(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)所(suo)(suo)殺(sha)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬資(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)三年，自(zi)王以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)欲求(qiu)報其父(fu)(fu)仇(chou)，莫能得。如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)泣(qi)(qi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)使(shi)客(ke)斬其仇(chou)頭，敬進如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬。如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬之(zhi)(zhi)欲為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)死(si)，無所(suo)(suo)辭，顧未有路耳。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)誠一開口(kou)請(qing)(qing)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬必許(xu)諾，則得虎符奪晉(jin)鄙軍，北救趙(zhao)而(er)(er)(er)西卻(que)秦(qin)(qin)，此(ci)(ci)五(wu)霸之(zhi)(zhi)伐也(ye)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)從其計，請(qing)(qing)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬。如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)姬果盜晉(jin)鄙兵符與(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，侯生(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)：“將在外，主令有所(suo)(suo)不(bu)受，以(yi)(yi)(yi)便(bian)國家。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)即合符，而(er)(er)(er)晉(jin)鄙不(bu)授(shou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兵而(er)(er)(er)復(fu)請(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)，事必危矣(yi)。臣(chen)客(ke)屠(tu)者朱亥(hai)(hai)可與(yu)(yu)(yu)俱(ju)，此(ci)(ci)人(ren)力士。晉(jin)鄙聽(ting)，大善；不(bu)聽(ting)，可使(shi)擊之(zhi)(zhi)。”于是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)泣(qi)(qi)。侯生(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)畏死(si)邪？何泣(qi)(qi)也(ye)？”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：“晉(jin)鄙嚄唶宿將，往(wang)恐不(bu)聽(ting)，必當殺(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)泣(qi)(qi)耳，豈畏死(si)哉？”于是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)請(qing)(qing)朱亥(hai)(hai)。朱亥(hai)(hai)笑曰(yue)(yue)：“臣(chen)乃市(shi)井鼓刀(dao)屠(tu)者，而(er)(er)(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)親數(shu)存之(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)報謝(xie)者，以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)小禮無所(suo)(suo)用。今(jin)(jin)(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有急，此(ci)(ci)乃臣(chen)效命之(zhi)(zhi)秋(qiu)也(ye)。”遂與(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)俱(ju)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)過(guo)謝(xie)侯生(sheng)。侯生(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)：“臣(chen)宜從，老不(bu)能。請(qing)(qing)數(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)日(ri)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)至晉(jin)鄙軍之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)，北鄉自(zi)剄，以(yi)(yi)(yi)送(song)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)遂行(xing)(xing)(xing)。

　　至(zhi)鄴，矯魏王令代晉鄙。晉鄙合符(fu)，疑之(zhi)，舉手視公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)曰：“今吾擁十萬(wan)之(zhi)眾，屯于(yu)(yu)境上，國之(zhi)重任，今單車(che)來(lai)代之(zhi)，何如哉(zai)？”欲無(wu)聽(ting)。朱亥袖四十斤鐵(tie)椎，椎殺晉鄙，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)遂將晉鄙軍(jun)。勒(le)兵下令軍(jun)中(zhong)曰：“父子(zi)(zi)俱(ju)在軍(jun)中(zhong)，父歸(gui)；兄弟俱(ju)在軍(jun)中(zhong)，兄歸(gui)；獨子(zi)(zi)無(wu)兄弟，歸(gui)養。”得選兵八萬(wan)人，進兵擊秦軍(jun)。秦軍(jun)解去，遂救(jiu)邯鄲，存趙。趙王及(ji)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)君自(zi)迎公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)于(yu)(yu)界，平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)君負(fu)韊(lan)矢為公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)先引。趙王再拜曰：“自(zi)古賢(xian)人未有及(ji)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)者也。”當此之(zhi)時，平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)君不(bu)敢自(zi)比于(yu)(yu)人。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)與侯生決，至(zhi)軍(jun)，侯生果北鄉自(zi)剄。

　　魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)怒公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盜其(qi)兵(bing)(bing)符，矯(jiao)殺晉(jin)鄙，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)自知也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。已(yi)卻秦(qin)(qin)存趙(zhao)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)將(jiang)其(qi)軍歸(gui)(gui)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，而(er)(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)獨(du)與(yu)客留(liu)趙(zhao)。趙(zhao)孝成王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)德公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矯(jiao)奪(duo)晉(jin)鄙兵(bing)(bing)而(er)(er)存趙(zhao)，乃(nai)(nai)與(yu)平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)計(ji)，以(yi)(yi)五(wu)城(cheng)封公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，意驕矜(jin)而(er)(er)有(you)自功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色。客有(you)說(shuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰：“物有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)忘(wang)，或有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忘(wang)。夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)德于公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)忘(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)德于人(ren)(ren)(ren)，愿公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)忘(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且矯(jiao)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)令(ling)，奪(duo)晉(jin)鄙兵(bing)(bing)以(yi)(yi)救(jiu)趙(zhao)，于趙(zhao)則(ze)有(you)功(gong)(gong)矣，于魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)則(ze)未為(wei)(wei)(wei)忠(zhong)臣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)乃(nai)(nai)自驕而(er)(er)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，竊為(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”于是公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)立(li)自責，似(si)若無(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)容者(zhe)(zhe)。趙(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)埽除自迎，執主人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮(li)，引公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)就西階(jie)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)側行辭讓，從東階(jie)上。自言罪過，以(yi)(yi)負于魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)于趙(zhao)。趙(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)侍酒(jiu)至暮，口不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍獻五(wu)城(cheng)，以(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)退讓也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)竟留(liu)趙(zhao)。趙(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)鄗為(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)湯(tang)沐邑，魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亦(yi)復以(yi)(yi)信(xin)陵奉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)留(liu)趙(zhao)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)趙(zhao)有(you)處(chu)士(shi)毛公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藏于博徒，薛(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藏于賣(mai)漿家，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)欲見(jian)兩(liang)(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，兩(liang)(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)自匿不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯見(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)所(suo)在(zai)，乃(nai)(nai)間步往(wang)從此兩(liang)(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)游(you)(you)(you)，甚歡。平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，謂其(qi)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)曰：“始(shi)吾(wu)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)弟公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)無(wu)(wu)(wu)雙，今(jin)(jin)吾(wu)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)(nai)妄(wang)從博徒賣(mai)漿者(zhe)(zhe)游(you)(you)(you)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)妄(wang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)耳。”夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)告(gao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)乃(nai)(nai)謝夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)去，曰：“始(shi)吾(wu)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)賢，故負魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)而(er)(er)救(jiu)趙(zhao)，以(yi)(yi)稱(cheng)平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)。平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)游(you)(you)(you)，徒豪舉耳，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)求士(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)忌自在(zai)大梁時(shi)(shi)，常聞(wen)(wen)(wen)此兩(liang)(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)賢，至趙(zhao)，恐(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得見(jian)。以(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)忌從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)游(you)(you)(you)，尚恐(kong)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)我欲也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，今(jin)(jin)平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)乃(nai)(nai)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)羞，其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足從游(you)(you)(you)。”乃(nai)(nai)裝為(wei)(wei)(wei)去。夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)具以(yi)(yi)語平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)。平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)乃(nai)(nai)免冠謝，固留(liu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)門(men)下(xia)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，半去平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)歸(gui)(gui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，天(tian)(tian)下(xia)士(shi)復往(wang)歸(gui)(gui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)傾平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)客。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)留(liu)趙(zhao)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)歸(gui)(gui)。秦(qin)(qin)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)趙(zhao)，日(ri)夜出兵(bing)(bing)東伐魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)患(huan)(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)往(wang)請公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)恐(kong)其(qi)怒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)(nai)誡門(men)下(xia)：“有(you)敢(gan)(gan)(gan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)通者(zhe)(zhe)，死。”賓客皆(jie)背魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)趙(zhao)，莫敢(gan)(gan)(gan)勸公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)(gui)。毛公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、薛(xue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)往(wang)見(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)重于趙(zhao)，名(ming)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)，徒以(yi)(yi)有(you)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)(jin)秦(qin)(qin)攻(gong)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)急(ji)而(er)(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)恤，使(shi)(shi)(shi)秦(qin)(qin)破(po)大梁而(er)(er)夷先王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)廟(miao)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)當何面目立(li)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)乎？”語未及(ji)卒，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)立(li)變色，告(gao)車趣駕(jia)歸(gui)(gui)救(jiu)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)見(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，相與(yu)泣，而(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)上將(jiang)軍印授公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)遂(sui)將(jiang)。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)安釐王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)遍告(gao)諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)。諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)將(jiang)，各(ge)遣將(jiang)將(jiang)兵(bing)(bing)救(jiu)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)率五(wu)國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)破(po)秦(qin)(qin)軍于河外，走蒙(meng)驁。遂(sui)乘勝逐秦(qin)(qin)軍至函谷關，抑秦(qin)(qin)兵(bing)(bing)，秦(qin)(qin)兵(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)(gan)(gan)出。當是時(shi)(shi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)威振天(tian)(tian)下(xia)，諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)客進(jin)兵(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皆(jie)名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故世俗稱(cheng)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兵(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)。秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)患(huan)(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)(nai)行金萬斤(jin)于魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，求晉(jin)鄙客，令(ling)毀公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)于魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亡在(zai)外十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)矣，今(jin)(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)將(jiang)，諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)將(jiang)皆(jie)屬，諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)徒聞(wen)(wen)(wen)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)欲因此時(shi)(shi)定南(nan)面而(er)(er)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)畏公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威，方(fang)欲共立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”秦(qin)(qin)數使(shi)(shi)(shi)反間，偽賀(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)得立(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)未也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)日(ri)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)其(qi)毀，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)信(xin)，后果(guo)使(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)代公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)將(jiang)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)自知再以(yi)(yi)毀廢，乃(nai)(nai)謝病(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朝(chao)，與(yu)賓客為(wei)(wei)(wei)長夜飲(yin)(yin)，飲(yin)(yin)醇(chun)酒(jiu)，多近婦女(nv)。日(ri)夜為(wei)(wei)(wei)樂飲(yin)(yin)者(zhe)(zhe)四歲(sui)，竟病(bing)(bing)酒(jiu)而(er)(er)卒。其(qi)歲(sui)，魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)安釐王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)亦(yi)薨。秦(qin)(qin)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)死，使(shi)(shi)(shi)蒙(meng)驁攻(gong)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，拔二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)，初(chu)置東郡(jun)。其(qi)后秦(qin)(qin)稍(shao)蠶食魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)歲(sui)而(er)(er)虜魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，屠大梁。

　　高祖始微少時，數聞(wen)公(gong)子賢(xian)。及即天子位，每過大(da)梁(liang)，常祠公(gong)子。高祖十二年，從擊黥(qing)布還(huan)，為公(gong)子置守冢五家，世(shi)世(shi)歲(sui)以(yi)四時奉祠公(gong)子。

　　太史(shi)公曰：吾過大梁(liang)之(zhi)墟(xu)，求問其(qi)所謂夷門(men)。夷門(men)者(zhe)，城之(zhi)東(dong)門(men)也(ye)。天下(xia)諸(zhu)公子(zi)亦有喜士者(zhe)矣，然信陵君之(zhi)接巖穴隱者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)恥下(xia)交，有以也(ye)。名冠(guan)諸(zhu)侯，不(bu)(bu)虛耳(er)。高祖每(mei)過之(zhi)而令民奉祠(ci)不(bu)(bu)絕也(ye)。

　　譯文

　　魏(wei)(wei)公子(zi)叫(jiao)無忌，是魏(wei)(wei)昭王的(de)小(xiao)兒子(zi)、魏(wei)(wei)安釐王的(de)異母(mu)弟弟。昭王去世后，安釐王即位(wei)，封公子(zi)為信陵(ling)君。當時范睢從魏(wei)(wei)國逃(tao)(tao)出到秦(qin)國任秦(qin)相，因為怨恨(hen)魏(wei)(wei)相魏(wei)(wei)齊屈打(da)自己幾乎致死(si)的(de)緣故，就(jiu)派(pai)秦(qin)軍圍攻大梁，擊(ji)敗(bai)了魏(wei)(wei)國駐扎在(zai)華陽(yang)的(de)部隊，使(shi)魏(wei)(wei)將芒(mang)卯戰敗(bai)而逃(tao)(tao)。魏(wei)(wei)王和公子(zi)對(dui)這件(jian)事十分焦慮。

　　公子的為人(ren)仁愛寬(kuan)厚禮賢下士(shi)(shi)，士(shi)(shi)人(ren)無論有無才能(neng)或才能(neng)大小，他都(dou)謙恭(gong)有禮地同他們交往，從來(lai)不(bu)敢因為自己富貴而輕慢士(shi)(shi)人(ren)。因此方(fang)圓幾千里(li)的士(shi)(shi)人(ren)都(dou)爭相歸附(fu)于他，招來(lai)食客(ke)三千人(ren)。當時，諸侯各國(guo)因公子賢德，賓客(ke)眾多(duo)，連續十幾年不(bu)敢動(dong)兵(bing)謀犯(fan)魏國(guo)。

　　有(you)一(yi)次，公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)跟魏(wei)王(wang)正在下(xia)棋(qi)(qi)，不(bu)(bu)想北(bei)邊(bian)邊(bian)境傳來警報(bao)，說(shuo)(shuo)“趙(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)發兵(bing)進犯，將進入邊(bian)境。”魏(wei)王(wang)立即放下(xia)棋(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，就(jiu)要召集(ji)大(da)臣(chen)們(men)商議(yi)對策。公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)勸阻(zu)魏(wei)王(wang)說(shuo)(shuo)：“是(shi)趙(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)打(da)(da)獵(lie)罷(ba)了(le)，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)進犯邊(bian)境。”又接(jie)著(zhu)跟魏(wei)王(wang)下(xia)棋(qi)(qi)如同沒(mei)(mei)發生什么事一(yi)樣。可是(shi)魏(wei)王(wang)驚(jing)(jing)恐，心思全沒(mei)(mei)放在下(xia)棋(qi)(qi)上。過了(le)一(yi)會兒，又從北(bei)邊(bian)傳來消息說(shuo)(shuo)：“是(shi)趙(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)打(da)(da)獵(lie)罷(ba)了(le)，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)進犯邊(bian)境。”魏(wei)王(wang)聽后(hou)大(da)感驚(jing)(jing)詫(cha)，問道(dao)：“公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)怎么知道(dao)的？”公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)回答說(shuo)(shuo)：“我的食客中(zhong)有(you)個人能(neng)深入底里探到趙(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)的秘密，趙(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)有(you)什么行(xing)動，他就(jiu)會立即報(bao)告我，我因此(ci)知道(dao)這件(jian)事。”從此(ci)以后(hou)，魏(wei)王(wang)畏懼公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)賢能(neng)，不(bu)(bu)敢任用公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)處理國(guo)家大(da)事。

　　魏國(guo)(guo)有(you)個(ge)隱士叫侯(hou)嬴(ying)，已經七十歲(sui)了(le)(le)，家(jia)(jia)境貧寒，是(shi)大(da)梁城(cheng)東門(men)(men)的(de)看(kan)(kan)門(men)(men)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)聽說了(le)(le)這個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，就派(pai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)去(qu)(qu)(qu)拜(bai)見，并(bing)想送給他(ta)一(yi)份(fen)厚(hou)禮。但是(shi)侯(hou)嬴(ying)不(bu)(bu)肯接受，說：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)幾十年來(lai)修養(yang)品德，堅持操守，終(zhong)究不(bu)(bu)能(neng)因我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)看(kan)(kan)門(men)(men)貧困的(de)緣(yuan)故而接受公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)的(de)財禮。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)于是(shi)就大(da)擺酒(jiu)席，宴(yan)飲賓(bin)客(ke)。大(da)家(jia)(jia)來(lai)齊坐定之后(hou)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)就帶著車馬以及隨(sui)(sui)從人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，空出(chu)車子(zi)上(shang)的(de)左位，親自到東城(cheng)門(men)(men)去(qu)(qu)(qu)迎(ying)接侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)。侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)整理了(le)(le)一(yi)下(xia)(xia)破舊的(de)衣帽，就徑直(zhi)上(shang)了(le)(le)車子(zi)坐在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)空出(chu)的(de)尊(zun)貴(gui)座位，絲毫(hao)沒(mei)有(you)謙(qian)(qian)讓的(de)意思(si)，想借(jie)此觀(guan)察(cha)一(yi)下(xia)(xia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)的(de)態度。可是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)手握馬韁繩更加(jia)(jia)恭(gong)敬。侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)又對公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)說：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)有(you)個(ge)朋(peng)友(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)街(jie)市(shi)的(de)屠宰場(chang)，希(xi)望勞駕一(yi)下(xia)(xia)車馬載我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)去(qu)(qu)(qu)拜(bai)訪(fang)(fang)他(ta)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)立(li)即(ji)駕車前往進入(ru)街(jie)市(shi)，侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)下(xia)(xia)車去(qu)(qu)(qu)會(hui)見他(ta)的(de)朋(peng)友(you)(you)朱亥，他(ta)斜(xie)瞇縫著眼看(kan)(kan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)，故意久(jiu)久(jiu)地站在(zai)(zai)(zai)那里，同他(ta)的(de)朋(peng)友(you)(you)聊(liao)天，同時暗暗地觀(guan)察(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)的(de)面(mian)色更加(jia)(jia)和(he)悅(yue)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)這個(ge)時候，魏國(guo)(guo)的(de)將軍、宰相、宗室大(da)臣以及高朋(peng)貴(gui)賓(bin)坐滿堂(tang)上(shang)，正等(deng)著公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)舉杯(bei)開(kai)宴(yan)。街(jie)市(shi)上(shang)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)都(dou)看(kan)(kan)到公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)手握韁繩替侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)駕車。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)的(de)隨(sui)(sui)從人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)都(dou)暗自責罵侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)。侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)看(kan)(kan)到公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)面(mian)色始(shi)終(zhong)不(bu)(bu)變，才(cai)告(gao)別了(le)(le)朋(peng)友(you)(you)上(shang)了(le)(le)車。到家(jia)(jia)后(hou)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)領著侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)坐到上(shang)位上(shang)，并(bing)向全(quan)體賓(bin)客(ke)贊揚地介紹了(le)(le)侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)，滿堂(tang)賓(bin)客(ke)無不(bu)(bu)驚異。大(da)家(jia)(jia)酒(jiu)興正濃(nong)時，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)站起來(lai)，走到侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)前舉杯(bei)祝他(ta)健(jian)康。侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)趁機對公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)說：“今(jin)(jin)天我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)侯(hou)嬴(ying)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)盡力也(ye)夠了(le)(le)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)只是(shi)個(ge)城(cheng)東門(men)(men)抱(bao)門(men)(men)插關的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，可是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)委(wei)屈車馬，親自在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)庭廣眾之中迎(ying)接我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)本不(bu)(bu)該再去(qu)(qu)(qu)拜(bai)訪(fang)(fang)朋(peng)友(you)(you)，今(jin)(jin)天公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)竟屈尊(zun)陪我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)拜(bai)訪(fang)(fang)他(ta)。可我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)也(ye)想成就公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)的(de)名聲，故意讓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)車馬久(jiu)久(jiu)地停在(zai)(zai)(zai)街(jie)市(shi)中，借(jie)拜(bai)訪(fang)(fang)朋(peng)友(you)(you)來(lai)觀(guan)察(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)，結果(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)更加(jia)(jia)謙(qian)(qian)恭(gong)。街(jie)市(shi)上(shang)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)都(dou)以為(wei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)是(shi)小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，而認為(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)是(shi)個(ge)高尚的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)能(neng)禮賢下(xia)(xia)士啊。”在(zai)(zai)(zai)這次宴(yan)會(hui)散(san)了(le)(le)后(hou)，侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)便(bian)成了(le)(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)的(de)貴(gui)客(ke)。

　　侯先生對公(gong)子說：“我所拜(bai)(bai)訪(fang)的屠夫朱亥(hai)(hai)，是(shi)個賢能的人(ren)，只是(shi)人(ren)們都不了解他(ta)，所以隱沒在屠夫中罷了。”公(gong)子曾(ceng)多次(ci)前往拜(bai)(bai)見朱亥(hai)(hai)，朱亥(hai)(hai)故意不回(hui)拜(bai)(bai)答謝，公(gong)子覺得這個人(ren)很(hen)奇怪。

　　魏(wei)(wei)安(an)釐(li)王二十年（前257），秦昭王已經在長平(ping)大敗趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)軍隊，接著進兵(bing)圍攻(gong)邯(han)(han)鄲。公(gong)子(zi)的(de)姐姐是趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)惠文(wen)王弟(di)(di)弟(di)(di)平(ping)原(yuan)君的(de)夫人，多次給(gei)魏(wei)(wei)王和(he)公(gong)子(zi)送信來，向(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)國(guo)請(qing)求(qiu)救(jiu)兵(bing)。魏(wei)(wei)王派將軍晉(jin)鄙帶領十萬(wan)之眾的(de)部隊去救(jiu)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)。秦昭王得知(zhi)這個消(xiao)息后就(jiu)(jiu)派使(shi)臣告(gao)誡魏(wei)(wei)王說：“我(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)要攻(gong)下(xia)(xia)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)了(le)，這只(zhi)是早(zao)晚的(de)事(shi)，諸侯中有誰敢救(jiu)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)的(de)，拿下(xia)(xia)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)后，一(yi)定調兵(bing)先(xian)攻(gong)打(da)它。”魏(wei)(wei)王很害(hai)怕(pa)(pa)，就(jiu)(jiu)派人阻止晉(jin)鄙進軍，把軍隊留在鄴(ye)城扎營駐守，名義上是救(jiu)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)，實(shi)際(ji)上是采取兩(liang)面倒(dao)的(de)策略來觀(guan)望形勢的(de)發展。平(ping)原(yuan)君使(shi)臣的(de)車子(zi)連(lian)續不(bu)(bu)斷地到(dao)魏(wei)(wei)國(guo)來，頻頻告(gao)急，責備魏(wei)(wei)公(gong)子(zi)說：“我(wo)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)勝之所(suo)以自愿依托魏(wei)(wei)國(guo)跟(gen)魏(wei)(wei)國(guo)聯姻結親，就(jiu)(jiu)是因為公(gong)子(zi)的(de)道義高尚，能(neng)熱心幫(bang)助(zhu)別(bie)人擺(bai)脫危(wei)難。如今邯(han)(han)鄲危(wei)在旦夕，早(zao)晚就(jiu)(jiu)要投降秦國(guo)，可(ke)是魏(wei)(wei)國(guo)救(jiu)兵(bing)至今不(bu)(bu)來，公(gong)子(zi)能(neng)幫(bang)助(zhu)別(bie)人擺(bai)脫危(wei)難又(you)表現(xian)在哪里(li)！再說公(gong)子(zi)即(ji)使(shi)不(bu)(bu)把我(wo)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)勝看在眼(yan)里(li)，拋(pao)棄我(wo)讓(rang)我(wo)投降秦國(guo)，難道就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)憐(lian)你(ni)的(de)姐姐嗎？”公(gong)子(zi)為這件(jian)事(shi)憂慮萬(wan)分，屢(lv)次請(qing)求(qiu)魏(wei)(wei)王趕(gan)快(kuai)出兵(bing)，又(you)讓(rang)賓(bin)客辯(bian)士們千(qian)方百計地勸說魏(wei)(wei)王。魏(wei)(wei)王由于害(hai)怕(pa)(pa)秦國(guo)，始終(zhong)不(bu)(bu)肯聽從(cong)公(gong)子(zi)的(de)意見(jian)。公(gong)子(zi)估計終(zhong)究不(bu)(bu)能(neng)征得魏(wei)(wei)王同意出兵(bing)了(le)，就(jiu)(jiu)決計不(bu)(bu)能(neng)自己活(huo)著而讓(rang)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)滅亡，于是請(qing)來賓(bin)客，湊集了(le)戰車一(yi)百多輛，打(da)算(suan)帶著賓(bin)客趕(gan)到(dao)戰場上去同秦軍拼一(yi)死(si)命，與趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)人一(yi)起死(si)難。

　　公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)帶著(zhu)車(che)隊(dui)走過東(dong)門(men)時，去(qu)(qu)見侯(hou)(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，把(ba)打(da)算同(tong)秦軍拼一(yi)死命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況全都告訴(su)了(le)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。然后向侯(hou)(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)訣別(bie)準備上(shang)路，行(xing)(xing)前(qian)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)說：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)努(nu)力干(gan)(gan)吧，老臣(chen)我(wo)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)隨行(xing)(xing)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)走了(le)幾(ji)里路，心(xin)里不(bu)(bu)痛快，自語道：“我(wo)對待(dai)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)算是夠周到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)，天(tian)下(xia)無人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)曉，如(ru)今我(wo)將要(yao)死難(nan)(nan)可(ke)是侯(hou)(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)竟(jing)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)一(yi)言半(ban)語來送我(wo)，我(wo)難(nan)(nan)道對待(dai)他有(you)(you)閃失嗎？”于是又趕著(zhu)車(che)子(zi)返回(hui)來，想(xiang)問(wen)問(wen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。侯(hou)(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)見公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)便笑(xiao)著(zhu)說：“我(wo)本來就(jiu)知道公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)會回(hui)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。”又接著(zhu)說：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)好客(ke)愛士(shi)，聞名天(tian)下(xia)。如(ru)今有(you)(you)了(le)危難(nan)(nan)，想(xiang)要(yao)去(qu)(qu)到(dao)秦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍隊(dui)（同(tong)他作戰）就(jiu)像(xiang)把(ba)肉扔給(gei)饑餓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老虎，有(you)(you)什(shen)么(me)作用(yong)呢？如(ru)果這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，還用(yong)我(wo)們(men)這(zhe)些賓客(ke)干(gan)(gan)什(shen)么(me)呢？公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)待(dai)我(wo)情(qing)深意厚，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)前(qian)往可(ke)是我(wo)不(bu)(bu)送行(xing)(xing)，因此知道公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)惱恨我(wo)會返回(hui)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)連著(zhu)兩次向侯(hou)(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)拜禮，進而問(wen)對策。侯(hou)(hou)(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)讓旁人(ren)(ren)離開，同(tong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)秘密交談，說：“我(wo)聽(ting)說晉(jin)鄙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兵(bing)符(fu)(fu)經常放在魏(wei)王的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臥室內，在妻妾(qie)中如(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)最受寵愛，她(ta)出(chu)入(ru)魏(wei)王的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臥室很隨便，只要(yao)盡力是能(neng)(neng)偷出(chu)兵(bing)符(fu)(fu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)還聽(ting)說如(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父親被人(ren)(ren)殺死，如(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)報仇雪恨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)志積蓄了(le)三年之(zhi)久，從魏(wei)王以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群臣(chen)左右都想(xiang)為(wei)(wei)如(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)報仇，但沒(mei)(mei)能(neng)(neng)如(ru)愿。為(wei)(wei)此，如(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曾對公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)哭訴(su)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)派門(men)客(ke)斬了(le)那個仇人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭，恭敬地獻(xian)給(gei)如(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。如(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)要(yao)為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)效命而死，是在所不(bu)(bu)辭(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，只是沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)行(xing)(xing)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機會罷(ba)了(le)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)果真一(yi)開口請(qing)求(qiu)如(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)幫忙，如(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)必定答應，那么(me)就(jiu)能(neng)(neng)得到(dao)虎符(fu)(fu)而奪了(le)晉(jin)鄙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍權，北邊(bian)可(ke)救趙(zhao)國，西邊(bian)能(neng)(neng)抵御(yu)秦國，這(zhe)是春秋五霸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功業啊。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)聽(ting)從了(le)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)嬴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計策，請(qing)求(qiu)如(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)幫忙。如(ru)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)果然盜出(chu)晉(jin)鄙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兵(bing)符(fu)(fu)交給(gei)了(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)。

　　公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)拿到了(le)(le)(le)兵符準備上路，侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)說(shuo)：“將(jiang)帥在外作(zuo)戰(zhan)時(shi)，有機(ji)斷(duan)處置(zhi)的(de)權力(li)，國君的(de)命令(ling)有的(de)可(ke)以不(bu)接(jie)受(shou)，以求便(bian)利于(yu)國家(jia)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)到那(nei)里(li)即使兩符相合，驗(yan)明無誤，可(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)晉鄙(bi)仍(reng)不(bu)交給(gei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)兵權反而再請(qing)示魏王(wang)，那(nei)么(me)(me)事情就危險了(le)(le)(le)。我(wo)(wo)的(de)朋(peng)友(you)屠夫(fu)(fu)朱亥(hai)可(ke)以跟您一(yi)(yi)起前往(wang)，這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)大力(li)士。如(ru)果(guo)晉鄙(bi)聽從，那(nei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)再好(hao)不(bu)過了(le)(le)(le)；如(ru)果(guo)他(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)聽從，可(ke)以讓朱亥(hai)擊(ji)殺(sha)他(ta)(ta)(ta)。”公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)聽了(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)些話后，便(bian)哭(ku)了(le)(le)(le)。侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)見狀便(bian)問道：“公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)害怕死(si)呀(ya)？為(wei)什么(me)(me)哭(ku)呢？”公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)回答說(shuo)：“晉鄙(bi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)魏國勇(yong)猛強悍、富有經驗(yan)的(de)老(lao)將(jiang)，我(wo)(wo)去他(ta)(ta)(ta)那(nei)里(li)恐(kong)怕他(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)會聽從命令(ling)，必定要殺(sha)死(si)他(ta)(ta)(ta)，因此(ci)我(wo)(wo)難(nan)(nan)過地哭(ku)了(le)(le)(le)，哪(na)里(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)怕死(si)呢？”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)去請(qing)求朱亥(hai)一(yi)(yi)同(tong)前往(wang)。朱亥(hai)笑著(zhu)說(shuo)：“我(wo)(wo)只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)市場上擊(ji)刀殺(sha)生(sheng)的(de)屠夫(fu)(fu)，可(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)竟(jing)多(duo)次登門(men)問候(hou)我(wo)(wo)，我(wo)(wo)之所以不(bu)回拜答謝您，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)我(wo)(wo)認為(wei)小禮(li)小節(jie)沒什么(me)(me)用處。如(ru)今公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)有了(le)(le)(le)急難(nan)(nan)，這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)殺(sha)身效命的(de)時(shi)候(hou)了(le)(le)(le)。”就與公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)一(yi)(yi)起上路了(le)(le)(le)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)去向侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)辭行。侯(hou)先(xian)生(sheng)說(shuo)：“我(wo)(wo)本應隨(sui)您一(yi)(yi)起去，可(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)老(lao)了(le)(le)(le)心有余力(li)不(bu)足(zu)不(bu)能成(cheng)行。請(qing)允許我(wo)(wo)計算您行程的(de)日期，您到達(da)晉鄙(bi)軍部的(de)那(nei)一(yi)(yi)天，我(wo)(wo)面向北刎頸(jing)而死(si)，來表達(da)我(wo)(wo)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)送行的(de)一(yi)(yi)片(pian)忠心。”公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上路出(chu)發。

　　到(dao)(dao)了(le)鄴城(cheng)，公(gong)子(zi)拿(na)(na)出兵(bing)符假傳魏王(wang)(wang)命令代替(ti)晉鄙(bi)擔任(ren)(ren)將領。晉鄙(bi)合了(le)兵(bing)符，驗證無(wu)誤，但還是(shi)(shi)懷疑這(zhe)(zhe)件事(shi)，就舉著(zhu)(zhu)手盯著(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)子(zi)說：“如今我(wo)統帥著(zhu)(zhu)十(shi)萬之(zhi)眾的(de)(de)大軍，駐(zhu)扎在邊境上(shang)，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)關系到(dao)(dao)國家(jia)(jia)命運的(de)(de)重任(ren)(ren)，今天你只身一(yi)人(ren)來代替(ti)我(wo)，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)怎(zen)么回事(shi)呢？”正(zheng)要拒絕(jue)接(jie)受命令。這(zhe)(zhe)時朱亥(hai)取出藏在衣袖里的(de)(de)四十(shi)斤鐵椎，一(yi)椎擊死(si)了(le)晉鄙(bi)，公(gong)子(zi)于是(shi)(shi)統率了(le)晉鄙(bi)的(de)(de)軍隊(dui)(dui)。然(ran)后(hou)整頓部隊(dui)(dui)，向(xiang)軍中下令說：“父子(zi)都在軍隊(dui)(dui)里的(de)(de)，父親(qin)回家(jia)(jia)；兄弟同在軍隊(dui)(dui)里的(de)(de)，長兄回家(jia)(jia)；沒有兄弟的(de)(de)獨生(sheng)子(zi)，回家(jia)(jia)去奉(feng)養雙親(qin)。”經過整頓選拔，得到(dao)(dao)精兵(bing)八萬人(ren)。開跋前線攻(gong)擊秦軍。秦軍解圍撤離而去，于是(shi)(shi)邯鄲得救，保住了(le)趙(zhao)國。趙(zhao)王(wang)(wang)和平原君到(dao)(dao)郊界來迎接(jie)公(gong)子(zi)。平原君替(ti)公(gong)子(zi)背著(zhu)(zhu)盛滿箭支的(de)(de)囊袋走在前面引(yin)路。趙(zhao)王(wang)(wang)連著(zhu)(zhu)兩次拜謝(xie)說：“自古(gu)以來的(de)(de)賢人(ren)沒有一(yi)個(ge)趕(gan)上(shang)公(gong)子(zi)的(de)(de)。”在這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)時候，平原君不敢再拿(na)(na)自己跟別人(ren)相(xiang)比了(le)。公(gong)子(zi)與(yu)侯(hou)先生(sheng)訣別之(zhi)后(hou)，在到(dao)(dao)達(da)鄴城(cheng)軍營的(de)(de)那一(yi)天，侯(hou)先生(sheng)果然(ran)面向(xiang)北刎頸而死(si)。

　　魏(wei)王惱怒公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)盜出(chu)了(le)他的(de)兵符，假(jia)傳(chuan)君(jun)令擊殺晉鄙，這(zhe)一點(dian)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也是(shi)(shi)明知的(de)。所以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)打退秦軍拯救趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之后(hou)，就(jiu)讓(rang)部(bu)將帶著(zhu)部(bu)隊返(fan)回魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)去(qu)，而公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)自(zi)(zi)己和他的(de)門客(ke)就(jiu)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)了(le)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)孝(xiao)成王感激公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)假(jia)托君(jun)命(ming)奪取晉鄙軍權從而保住了(le)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)這(zhe)一義舉，就(jiu)與平原(yuan)君(jun)商量，把(ba)五座城(cheng)邑(yi)(yi)封賞(shang)給公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)聽到(dao)這(zhe)個消息后(hou)，產(chan)生了(le)驕傲自(zi)(zi)大的(de)情緒，露出(chu)了(le)居(ju)功(gong)自(zi)(zi)滿的(de)神色。門客(ke)中有(you)(you)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)勸說(shuo)(shuo)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)道：“事物(wu)有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)忘(wang)(wang)(wang)記(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)，也有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)忘(wang)(wang)(wang)記(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)。別(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)對公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)恩德(de)(de)，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)忘(wang)(wang)(wang)記(ji)(ji)(ji)；公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)對別(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)恩德(de)(de)，希望公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)忘(wang)(wang)(wang)掉它。況且假(jia)托魏(wei)王命(ming)令，奪取晉鄙兵權去(qu)救趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，這(zhe)對趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)算是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)功(gong)勞(lao)(lao)了(le)，但對魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)那就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)算忠臣了(le)。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)卻因(yin)此(ci)自(zi)(zi)以(yi)為有(you)(you)功(gong)，覺得(de)了(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起，我(wo)私下認為公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)實在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)應該。”公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)聽后(hou)，立刻責備自(zi)(zi)己，好像(xiang)無地自(zi)(zi)容一樣(yang)。趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)召開盛大歡迎(ying)宴會，趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王打掃(sao)了(le)殿(dian)堂(tang)臺(tai)(tai)階(jie)，親自(zi)(zi)到(dao)門口(kou)迎(ying)接貴客(ke)，并(bing)(bing)執行(xing)主人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)禮節(jie)，領(ling)著(zhu)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)走進殿(dian)堂(tang)的(de)西邊(bian)臺(tai)(tai)階(jie)。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)則側著(zhu)身子(zi)(zi)(zi)走一再推辭謙讓(rang)，并(bing)(bing)主動從東邊(bian)的(de)臺(tai)(tai)階(jie)升(sheng)堂(tang)。宴會上，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)稱說(shuo)(shuo)自(zi)(zi)己有(you)(you)罪，對不(bu)(bu)(bu)起魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，于(yu)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也無功(gong)勞(lao)(lao)可(ke)言。趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王陪著(zhu)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)飲酒直到(dao)傍晚，始終(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)好意思開口(kou)談(tan)封獻五座城(cheng)邑(yi)(yi)的(de)事，因(yin)為公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)總是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)謙讓(rang)自(zi)(zi)責。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)終(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)了(le)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王把(ba)鄗（hao，耗）邑(yi)(yi)封賞(shang)給公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，這(zhe)時魏(wei)王也把(ba)信(xin)陵邑(yi)(yi)又奉(feng)還(huan)給公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)仍留(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。

　　公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)聽(ting)說(shuo)趙國有兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)有才有德而(er)沒有從政的人(ren)(ren)(ren)，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)毛公(gong)(gong)(gong)藏身(shen)于(yu)賭徒(tu)中，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)薛公(gong)(gong)(gong)藏身(shen)在(zai)(zai)酒(jiu)店(dian)里(li)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)很(hen)想見(jian)(jian)(jian)見(jian)(jian)(jian)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，可是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)躲了(le)(le)(le)(le)起(qi)來(lai)不(bu)肯(ken)見(jian)(jian)(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)打聽(ting)到(dao)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)的藏身(shen)地(di)址，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)悄悄地(di)步行去(qu)同這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)交(jiao)(jiao)往(wang)，彼此都(dou)以相(xiang)識為(wei)樂(le)事，很(hen)是(shi)(shi)高(gao)興。平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)知道了(le)(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)情況，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)對他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)說(shuo)：“當初我(wo)聽(ting)說(shuo)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的弟(di)弟(di)魏公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)舉世無(wu)雙的大賢人(ren)(ren)(ren)，如今我(wo)聽(ting)說(shuo)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)竟(jing)然胡來(lai)，跟那(nei)伙賭徒(tu)、酒(jiu)店(dian)伙計交(jiao)(jiao)往(wang)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)無(wu)知妄為(wei)的人(ren)(ren)(ren)罷了(le)(le)(le)(le)。”平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)的夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)把(ba)(ba)(ba)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)話(hua)告(gao)訴了(le)(le)(le)(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)聽(ting)后就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)向(xiang)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)告(gao)辭準備離(li)開(kai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)里(li)，說(shuo)：“以前我(wo)聽(ting)說(shuo)平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)賢德，所(suo)以背棄魏王而(er)救趙國，滿足了(le)(le)(le)(le)平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)的要(yao)求(qiu)。現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)才知道平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)交(jiao)(jiao)往(wang)，只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)顯示富(fu)貴的豪放舉動(dong)罷了(le)(le)(le)(le)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)求(qiu)取賢士人(ren)(ren)(ren)才啊。我(wo)從在(zai)(zai)大梁時，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)常(chang)常(chang)聽(ting)說(shuo)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)賢能(neng)有才，到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)趙國，我(wo)惟恐(kong)不(bu)能(neng)見(jian)(jian)(jian)到(dao)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)。拿(na)我(wo)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)跟他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)交(jiao)(jiao)往(wang)，還怕他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)不(bu)要(yao)我(wo)呢，現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)竟(jing)然把(ba)(ba)(ba)跟他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)交(jiao)(jiao)往(wang)看作是(shi)(shi)羞辱，平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)值(zhi)得(de)結交(jiao)(jiao)。”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)整理行裝(zhuang)準備離(li)去(qu)。夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)把(ba)(ba)(ba)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)的話(hua)全都(dou)告(gao)訴了(le)(le)(le)(le)平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)，平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)聽(ting)了(le)(le)(le)(le)自感慚愧便(bian)去(qu)向(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)脫帽謝罪，堅(jian)決(jue)地(di)把(ba)(ba)(ba)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)挽(wan)留(liu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)來(lai)。平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)門下(xia)(xia)(xia)的賓客們(men)聽(ting)到(dao)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)件(jian)事，有一(yi)(yi)半人(ren)(ren)(ren)離(li)開(kai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)歸附于(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)，天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的士人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)都(dou)去(qu)投(tou)靠公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)，歸附在(zai)(zai)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的門下(xia)(xia)(xia)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)的為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)使平(ping)(ping)原君(jun)(jun)的賓客仰慕而(er)盡都(dou)到(dao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)的門下(xia)(xia)(xia)來(lai)。

　　公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)趙國(guo)(guo)(guo)十年不(bu)(bu)回(hui)(hui)(hui)魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)聽說(shuo)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)趙國(guo)(guo)(guo)，就(jiu)日夜不(bu)(bu)停(ting)地發兵向東進(jin)攻魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。魏(wei)王為(wei)此事焦慮萬分，就(jiu)派使臣去(qu)請(qing)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)回(hui)(hui)(hui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)仍擔(dan)心魏(wei)王惱(nao)怒自己(ji)，就(jiu)告誡(jie)門下賓客(ke)說(shuo)：“有(you)敢(gan)替魏(wei)王使臣通報傳達的(de)，處(chu)死(si)。”由于賓客(ke)們(men)都是背棄(qi)魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)來到趙國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)，所(suo)以(yi)沒誰敢(gan)勸公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)回(hui)(hui)(hui)魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。這(zhe)時，毛公(gong)和薛(xue)公(gong)兩人(ren)去(qu)見公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)說(shuo)：“公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)趙國(guo)(guo)(guo)受到尊重，名(ming)揚(yang)諸侯，只是因為(wei)有(you)魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)存在(zai)(zai)啊。現在(zai)(zai)秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)攻魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)危急(ji)而公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)毫不(bu)(bu)顧念，假使秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)攻破大梁而把您先祖的(de)宗廟夷平，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)還有(you)什么臉面(mian)活在(zai)(zai)世上呢(ni)？”話還沒說(shuo)完，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)臉色立即變(bian)了(le)，囑咐(fu)車夫(fu)趕(gan)快套車回(hui)(hui)(hui)去(qu)救魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。

　　魏(wei)王見到公(gong)子，兩(liang)人不禁相對落淚，魏(wei)王把上(shang)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)大印授給公(gong)子，公(gong)子便正式擔任(ren)了上(shang)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)這個統帥軍(jun)(jun)隊的(de)最(zui)高職務。

　　魏(wei)安釐王三十年（前(qian)247），公(gong)子(zi)派使臣把自(zi)己擔任上(shang)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)職務一事(shi)通報(bao)給各個(ge)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)國。諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)們(men)得知公(gong)子(zi)擔任了上(shang)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)，都各自(zi)調兵遣將(jiang)(jiang)救援魏(wei)國。公(gong)子(zi)率領五個(ge)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)國的軍(jun)隊在黃河以(yi)南(nan)地(di)區(qu)把秦軍(jun)打得大敗，使秦將(jiang)(jiang)蒙驁敗逃。進而乘勝追擊(ji)直到函谷關，把秦軍(jun)壓在函谷關內，使他們(men)不敢再出關。當(dang)時(shi)，公(gong)子(zi)的聲(sheng)威震動天下，各諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)國來的賓客都進獻兵法(fa)(fa)，公(gong)子(zi)把它們(men)合在一起簽上(shang)自(zi)己的名字(zi)，所以(yi)世(shi)上(shang)俗稱《魏(wei)公(gong)子(zi)兵法(fa)(fa)》。

　　秦(qin)王(wang)擔憂公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)將(jiang)(jiang)進一(yi)步威脅(xie)秦(qin)國(guo)，就使用(yong)了(le)萬斤(jin)黃金到魏(wei)行賄(hui)，尋(xun)找晉鄙原來的(de)(de)(de)那些門客(ke)，讓他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)在(zai)魏(wei)王(wang)面(mian)前(qian)進讒言說：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)流亡在(zai)外十年(nian)了(le)，現(xian)在(zai)擔任(ren)魏(wei)國(guo)大將(jiang)(jiang)，諸(zhu)侯國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)將(jiang)(jiang)領都歸他(ta)(ta)指揮(hui)，諸(zhu)侯們(men)(men)只知(zhi)道魏(wei)國(guo)有個(ge)魏(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)，不(bu)知(zhi)道還有個(ge)魏(wei)王(wang)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)也要(yao)乘(cheng)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)時機決定稱王(wang)。諸(zhu)侯們(men)(men)害(hai)怕公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)權勢聲威，正(zheng)打算共(gong)同出面(mian)擁立他(ta)(ta)為王(wang)呢。”秦(qin)國(guo)又(you)(you)多次(ci)實行反(fan)間，利用(yong)在(zai)秦(qin)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)魏(wei)國(guo)間諜，假裝(zhuang)不(bu)知(zhi)情地(di)請(qing)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)向公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)祝(zhu)賀(he)問(wen)是(shi)否已(yi)經立為魏(wei)王(wang)了(le)。魏(wei)王(wang)天天聽(ting)到這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些毀謗公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)話，不(bu)能不(bu)信以(yi)為真(zhen)，后來果然派人代替公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)擔任(ren)上將(jiang)(jiang)軍。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)自(zi)己明知(zhi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)又(you)(you)一(yi)次(ci)因毀謗而被廢黜，于(yu)是(shi)就推托(tuo)有病(bing)不(bu)上朝了(le)，他(ta)(ta)在(zai)家里(li)與賓客(ke)們(men)(men)通宵達旦地(di)宴飲，痛飲烈性酒(jiu)，常跟女人廝混(hun)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣日(ri)日(ri)夜(ye)夜(ye)尋(xun)歡(huan)作樂(le)度(du)過了(le)四年(nian)，終于(yu)因飲酒(jiu)無度(du)患病(bing)死亡，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)年(nian)，魏(wei)安釐王(wang)也去(qu)世了(le)。

　　秦王(wang)得到公子已死(si)的消息，就派蒙(meng)驁進攻魏國，攻占了二十座城邑，開始設立東郡。從此以后，秦國逐漸地像蠶食桑(sang)葉一(yi)樣侵占魏國領土，過了十八年便俘(fu)虜了魏王(wang)假，屠殺大梁軍民，毀掉了這座都(dou)城。

　　漢高祖(zu)當初地位低賤時，就多次聽別人(ren)說(shuo)魏公(gong)子賢德(de)有才(cai)。等到他(ta)即(ji)位做了(le)皇帝后，每次經過大梁，常常去祭祀公(gong)子。漢高祖(zu)十(shi)二年（前(qian)195），他(ta)從擊敗叛將黥布的前(qian)線歸來，經過大梁時為公(gong)子安置了(le)五戶人(ren)家(jia)，專門看守他(ta)的墳墓，讓他(ta)們(men)世世代(dai)代(dai)每年按四季(ji)祭祀公(gong)子。

　　太史公說：我經過(guo)大(da)梁(liang)廢墟(xu)時，曾尋訪那(nei)個所謂的(de)(de)夷門。原來夷門就是(shi)大(da)梁(liang)城的(de)(de)東門。天(tian)下諸多(duo)公子(zi)中(zhong)也確(que)有(you)好客(ke)喜士的(de)(de)，但只有(you)信(xin)陵君能(neng)夠交(jiao)結那(nei)些隱沒在社會(hui)各個角落的(de)(de)人(ren)物，他不(bu)以交(jiao)結下層(ceng)賤民為恥辱，是(shi)很有(you)道(dao)理的(de)(de)。他的(de)(de)名聲遠(yuan)遠(yuan)超過(guo)諸侯(hou)，的(de)(de)確(que)不(bu)是(shi)虛傳。因此(ci)，高祖每次經過(guo)大(da)梁(liang)便命令百姓祭祀(si)他不(bu)能(neng)斷絕。

　　寫作特色

　　這(zhe)(zhe)是一(yi)篇出(chu)(chu)色(se)的(de)(de)傳記文學作品(pin)。敘事精(jing)于選材(cai)，信(xin)陵君(jun)門客三千，才干(gan)非凡，一(yi)生的(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)動千頭萬(wan)緒，作者著(zhu)眼于突出(chu)(chu)傳旨，選擇(ze)了(le)(le)“竊符救趙(zhao)”這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)重大歷(li)(li)史(shi)事件作為敘事的(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，并圍(wei)繞這(zhe)(zhe)個中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)組織材(cai)料，從而(er)將(jiang)其一(yi)生諸多方面的(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)動凝聚起來(lai)，既突出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)信(xin)陵君(jun)的(de)(de)主要思想性格(ge)，又(you)反映了(le)(le)歷(li)(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)真實面貌，使人(ren)(ren)們(men)在人(ren)(ren)物(wu)的(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)動中(zhong)看到歷(li)(li)史(shi)，在歷(li)(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)發展中(zhong)了(le)(le)解(jie)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)，把(ba)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)、歷(li)(li)史(shi)都寫(xie)(xie)活(huo)(huo)了(le)(le)。刻畫(hua)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)性格(ge)，手(shou)法多樣，如刻畫(hua)信(xin)陵君(jun)禮(li)賢下士的(de)(de)品(pin)格(ge)，有(you)對(dui)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)言行心(xin)(xin)理的(de)(de)直(zhi)接描繪，也有(you)借助周圍(wei)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)的(de)(de)對(dui)比(bi)烘(hong)托(tuo)。細節描寫(xie)(xie)也相當(dang)成功，如寫(xie)(xie)晉(jin)鄙合(he)符驗證后的(de)(de)懷疑(yi)心(xin)(xin)理時用(yong)“舉手(shou)視(shi)公子”幾個字加(jia)以刻畫(hua)，一(yi)個動作、一(yi)個眼神便(bian)把(ba)一(yi)位嚄宿將(jiang)當(dang)時當(dang)地驚奇、自信(xin)、決(jue)不輕(qing)易交出(chu)(chu)兵權的(de)(de)神態活(huo)(huo)靈活(huo)(huo)現的(de)(de)呈(cheng)現在讀者面前(qian)，可謂神來(lai)之筆。

　　通篇(pian)洋(yang)溢著作者(zhe)(zhe)對(dui)信(xin)陵(ling)君(jun)的敬慕、贊嘆和惋惜的感(gan)情(qing)，不獨篇(pian)名直呼(hu)(hu)“公(gong)(gong)子(zi)”，就是文中(zhong)(zhong)稱“公(gong)(gong)子(zi)”即有(you)一(yi)百(bai)四十七次，所(suo)謂“無限唱嘆，無限低徊”。茅坤說：“信(xin)陵(ling)君(jun)是太(tai)史(shi)公(gong)(gong)胸(xiong)中(zhong)(zhong)得意人(ren)，故本傳亦太(tai)史(shi)公(gong)(gong)得意文。”（《史(shi)記鈔》）可(ke)算(suan)是知言了。司馬遷(qian)在(zai)這篇(pian)傳記中(zhong)(zhong)用了烘(hong)托對(dui)比(bi)的手法來表(biao)現(xian)人(ren)物(wu)。信(xin)陵(ling)君(jun)禮賢下士(shi)的品德，與(yu)侯贏、朱亥等(deng)人(ren)“士(shi)為知己者(zhe)(zhe)死(si)”的精神相互烘(hong)托，相得益(yi)彰。特色：本篇(pian)在(zai)情(qing)節結構(gou)的安排(pai)上，根(gen)據突出主題的需(xu)要，有(you)詳有(you)略(lve)。有(you)時還(huan)采用設(she)置懸念、前(qian)后呼(hu)(hu)應的手法。

　　作品賞析

　　本(ben)(ben)傳中詳細地(di)敘述了(le)(le)信(xin)陵(ling)君從保存(cun)魏(wei)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)發，屈尊(zun)求賢，不(bu)恥下交(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一系列活(huo)動，如(ru)駕車虛左親自迎(ying)接門役侯嬴(ying)于大庭廣眾(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)中，多次卑身(shen)(shen)(shen)拜訪屠夫(fu)朱亥以(yi)及秘密(mi)結交(jiao)賭徒(tu)毛公(gong)、賣漿者(zhe)薛公(gong)等；著重(zhong)記寫了(le)(le)他在(zai)這些“巖(yan)穴隱者(zhe)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)鼎力相助下，不(bu)顧個(ge)人安危，不(bu)謀一己(ji)之(zhi)利，挺身(shen)(shen)(shen)而(er)(er)出(chu)完成“竊(qie)符救(jiu)趙”和“卻秦存(cun)魏(wei)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)大業(ye)。從而(er)(er)，歌頌了(le)(le)信(xin)陵(ling)君心系魏(wei)國(guo)，禮賢下士，救(jiu)人于危難之(zhi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)思想品質。這也是(shi)本(ben)(ben)傳的(de)(de)(de)(de)主旨所(suo)在(zai)。誠如(ru)《太(tai)史(shi)(shi)公(gong)自序》所(suo)言，“能(neng)(neng)以(yi)富貴下貧賤，賢能(neng)(neng)詘于不(bu)肖(xiao)，唯(wei)信(xin)陵(ling)君為(wei)能(neng)(neng)行(xing)之(zhi)”。值(zhi)得注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，傳中以(yi)大量筆墨描寫了(le)(le)下層社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾個(ge)人物（也可以(yi)看(kan)作是(shi)附傳），特別是(shi)門役侯嬴(ying)，他身(shen)(shen)(shen)處市井心懷(huai)魏(wei)國(guo)，才智遠非(fei)那(nei)(nei)般(ban)王侯公(gong)卿所(suo)能(neng)(neng)比。如(ru)果說，信(xin)陵(ling)君在(zai)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)舞(wu)臺上演(yan)出(chu)了(le)(le)一幕“竊(qie)符救(jiu)趙”的(de)(de)(de)(de)壯舉(ju)(ju)而(er)(er)為(wei)人們(men)所(suo)稱頌的(de)(de)(de)(de)話；那(nei)(nei)么，門役侯嬴(ying)則是(shi)這幕壯舉(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總導演(yan)，他更令人敬佩、景仰。這反映(ying)(ying)了(le)(le)司馬遷重(zhong)視人民群眾(zhong)(zhong)力量的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步(bu)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)觀。信(xin)陵(ling)君的(de)(de)(de)(de)結局(ju)是(shi)不(bu)幸的(de)(de)(de)(de)，他才高遭(zao)嫉，竟被魏(wei)王廢黜(chu)，以(yi)致(zhi)沉湎酒色，終因“病(bing)酒”而(er)(er)死。這既真實(shi)地(di)揭示(shi)了(le)(le)信(xin)陵(ling)君思想性(xing)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)弱點，更重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)揭露(lu)了(le)(le)最高統治者(zhe)嫉賢妒(du)能(neng)(neng)，打擊忠良的(de)(de)(de)(de)丑惡行(xing)徑，可以(yi)說反映(ying)(ying)了(le)(le)那(nei)(nei)個(ge)時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)某種帶有規律性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)西。

　　本(ben)篇突(tu)出描(miao)寫了信(xin)陵君魏公子無忌的(de)(de)形(xing)象，表(biao)現(xian)了他(ta)禮賢下(xia)士(shi)的(de)(de)品德，并(bing)記(ji)敘了他(ta)在侯贏(ying)、如姬、朱亥(hai)等人幫助下(xia)竊符救趙(zhao)的(de)(de)壯舉。信(xin)陵君能不(bu)畏強暴，挺(ting)身而出，從(cong)大局考慮，不(bu)計個人生死，這種精神與當時“義不(bu)帝秦”的(de)(de)魯仲連一樣，是值得稱頌的(de)(de)。

　　需(xu)要注(zhu)意(yi)的是(shi)，侯嬴為信陵君策(ce)劃竊(qie)符奪晉鄙兵(bing)事，不見于(yu)《戰國策(ce)》，亦不見于(yu)先秦的其他載籍，可能是(shi)大梁(liang)長老之逸聞(wen)，是(shi)司馬遷首次將它寫(xie)入史(shi)冊。

　　作者簡介

　　司馬(ma)(ma)(ma)遷(qian)（約公元前(qian)145或前(qian)135年(nian)—？），夏(xia)陽（在今陜西(xi)韓城西(xi)南(nan)）人。出身(shen)史(shi)(shi)學世(shi)家(jia)，父親司馬(ma)(ma)(ma)談官(guan)至(zhi)太史(shi)(shi)令(ling)。司馬(ma)(ma)(ma)遷(qian)十(shi)歲時隨父到(dao)長(chang)安，先后求學于董仲舒和孔安國門下。二十(shi)歲開始(shi)游歷名(ming)山大川，所(suo)到(dao)之(zhi)處(chu)均(jun)考察風俗，采集史(shi)(shi)跡傳說。繼承父親太史(shi)(shi)令(ling)的(de)(de)職位后，司馬(ma)(ma)(ma)遷(qian)得以(yi)飽覽朝廷(ting)藏書，又隨漢(han)武帝到(dao)各(ge)地巡游，增長(chang)了(le)(le)見識；他(ta)同時開始(shi)著(zhu)手(shou)整理史(shi)(shi)料(liao)，以(yi)完(wan)成(cheng)父親寫一(yi)部“名(ming)主賢(xian)君、忠(zhong)臣死(si)義之(zhi)事(shi)”的(de)(de)通史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)遺愿(yuan)。漢(han)武帝天(tian)漢(han)二年(nian)（公元前(qian)99年(nian)），李陵出征匈奴時因友(you)軍接(jie)應(ying)不力身(shen)陷重圍(wei)，在矢盡糧絕的(de)(de)情況下投(tou)降匈奴，司馬(ma)(ma)(ma)遷(qian)因上(shang)疏為(wei)(wei)李陵辯護觸(chu)怒武帝，被處(chu)以(yi)宮刑。受(shou)此大辱，司馬(ma)(ma)(ma)遷(qian)憤不欲生，但為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)實現自己的(de)(de)理想，決心“隱(yin)忍茍活”。出獄后任中書令(ling)，繼續發憤著(zhu)書，完(wan)成(cheng)了(le)(le)被魯迅(xun)先生譽(yu)為(wei)(wei)“史(shi)(shi)家(jia)之(zhi)絕唱，無韻之(zhi)離(li)騷”的(de)(de)名(ming)著(zhu)《史(shi)(shi)記》。

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