工(gong)程管理實習報告內容
實(shi)習(xi)報(bao)告是指人員實(shi)習(xi)期間(jian)需要撰寫的對實(shi)習(xi)期間(jian)的工作(zuo)學(xue)習(xi)經(jing)歷進行描述的文本。小編整理的工程管理實(shi)習(xi)報(bao)告，供參考！
工程管理實習報告1
一、實習目的與要求
轉(zhuan)眼間為期一個(ge)月的專業實習(xi)(xi)學習(xi)(xi)到現(xian)在(zai)已(yi)經全部結束了(le)，現(xian)在(zai)就(jiu)把我在(zai)這段時間在(zai)實習(xi)(xi)過程中的所見(jian)所聞所學作以簡單的總結：
1、實習目的
作為(wei)工程管理專業(ye)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)必須經(jing)過的(de)(de)(de)重要實踐性環節，本次專業(ye)實習(xi)主(zhu)要是為(wei)了培養(yang)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)綜合運用所學(xue)(xue)知(zhi)識解決實際(ji)問題的(de)(de)(de)能力(li)。通過這(zhe)次專業(ye)實習(xi)，使學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對企業(ye)生(sheng)產經(jing)營(ying)的(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)流程有一個感性認識，為(wei)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)把4年所學(xue)(xue)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)理論知(zhi)識與生(sheng)產實踐相結合提(ti)供(gong)途徑，為(wei)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)適(shi)應社會提(ti)供(gong)實踐的(de)(de)(de)機會，并為(wei)為(wei)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)進(jin)行畢業(ye)設計打下(xia)基礎。
其次在于(yu)通過理論與實(shi)際(ji)的結合、學(xue)校與社會(hui)的溝(gou)通，進一步提高(gao)(gao)學(xue)生的思想(xiang)覺悟(wu)、業(ye)務水(shui)平(ping)，尤其是(shi)觀(guan)察、分析和(he)解決問題的實(shi)際(ji)工作能力，以(yi)(yi)便(bian)把學(xue)生培養成為(wei)能夠(gou)主(zhu)(zhu)動適應社會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)現代化建設需要(yao)的高(gao)(gao)素質的復合型人才(cai)。通過實(shi)習，找(zhao)出自身(shen)狀況與社會(hui)實(shi)際(ji)需要(yao)的差距，并在以(yi)(yi)后(hou)的學(xue)習期間及(ji)時補充(chong)相關知識，為(wei)求職與正式工作做(zuo)好(hao)充(chong)分的知識、能力準備(bei)，從而縮短從校園走向社會(hui)的心理轉型期。
2、實習內容
深入到(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)專業相關單位，類如工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)咨詢機構(gou)、施工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業進(jin)行實(shi)習，熟悉企(qi)業運營(ying)、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)實(shi)際情況。通過到(dao)(dao)實(shi)體公司的實(shi)習，使學(xue)生了解招投標代理(li)、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)評估、測(ce)繪、估價(jia)、拆遷(qian)、項目實(shi)施、項目管(guan)理(li)、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)咨詢等工(gong)(gong)作流程(cheng)(cheng);通過實(shi)習促進(jin)學(xue)生提高專業技能，積累工(gong)(gong)作經驗，為(wei)學(xue)生進(jin)入社會提高競(jing)爭(zheng)力奠定基礎(chu)。
3、時間安排及實習要求
時間要求(qiu)：本次(ci)專(zhuan)業(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)從20xx年2月24日到4月4日，總共30個工(gong)(gong)(gong)作日。實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)要求(qiu)：本次(ci)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)要求(qiu)選(xuan)擇在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管理(li)專(zhuan)業(ye)相關單位(wei)進(jin)行實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)，要求(qiu)學(xue)生(sheng)能(neng)夠熟悉(xi)招(zhao)投標(biao)代(dai)理(li)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)評估、測繪、估價、拆(chai)遷、項目實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)、項目管理(li)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價咨詢等工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)流(liu)程(cheng);了解企業(ye)經營范圍;積極參與，至少一(yi)個項目;注重積累，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現專(zhuan)業(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐技能(neng)的提高。另外要求(qiu)學(xue)生(sheng)必(bi)須(xu)必(bi)須(xu)服從實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)單位(wei)有關人(ren)員(yuan)的領導(dao)。虛(xu)心向實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)單位(wei)的同事學(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)，尊敬師長、誠(cheng)懇待人(ren)、團結友愛，處(chu)理(li)好工(gong)(gong)(gong)作關系和人(ren)際關系。并且能(neng)夠遵守(shou)國(guo)家(jia)法律、法規和實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)單位(wei)的規章制度，遵守(shou)勞動紀律，以保證實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)的順利進(jin)行。
二、實習內容
本次實習(xi)從20xx年2月(yue)24日(ri)到4月(yue)4日(ri)，總共30個(ge)工作(zuo)日(ri)。在(zai)這30天內我(wo)有(you)(you)(you)幸來到了(le)哈爾濱遠大(da)房(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)設(she)開(kai)發(fa)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司，進行了(le)這次重要的(de)實習(xi)任(ren)務。哈爾濱遠大(da)房(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)設(she)開(kai)發(fa)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司是(shi)綜(zong)合了(le)小區開(kai)發(fa)，房(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)設(she)，工程(cheng)咨詢，物業(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)，投(tou)標代(dai)理(li)(li)等業(ye)務的(de)一家綜(zong)合發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)企業(ye)單位。本次在(zai)哈爾濱遠大(da)房(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)設(she)開(kai)發(fa)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司實習(xi)的(de)主要內容(rong)有(you)(you)(you)以下幾個(ge)階段：
2月25日的(de)實習(xi)任務(wu)是熟悉辦公(gong)環境、了解(jie)公(gong)司的(de)情(qing)況、了解(jie)單位的(de)各項規(gui)章(zhang)制度、和同事(shi)們相互(hu)認識(shi)、初步了解(jie)、明確(que)工(gong)程(cheng)造價(jia)的(de)操(cao)作過程(cheng)，為以后的(de)實習(xi)工(gong)作做(zuo)準(zhun)備。
2月26日至(zhi)3月3日學習查看(kan)(kan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)資料資料，圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)。圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)是(shi)做(zuo)預算(suan)的(de)主要(yao)依據，要(yao)通過看(kan)(kan)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)，了解所做(zuo)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)心(xin)中有數(shu)，這(zhe)樣才(cai)能(neng)動手做(zuo)下(xia)一(yi)步工(gong)(gong)作。接下(xia)來(lai)就可以進行(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量的(de)計(ji)算(suan)，這(zhe)是(shi)預算(suan)中最占(zhan)用時間(jian)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)環節，這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)過程(cheng)(cheng)繁瑣(suo)枯燥卻(que)有十分重要(yao)，若工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量計(ji)算(suan)不準確，必然影響最后(hou)(hou)的(de)總造價。 在(zai)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)有個(ge)(ge)整體的(de)把握之后(hou)(hou)，便開始預算(suan)工(gong)(gong)作。先是(shi)查看(kan)(kan)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)，在(zai)進行(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量計(ji)算(suan)之前(qian)，先要(yao)從頭到(dao)(dao)位瀏(liu)覽(lan)整套(tao)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)，對設計(ji)意圖(tu)(tu)(tu)有大致的(de)了解后(hou)(hou)，再選擇重點詳細看(kan)(kan)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)。建(jian)筑圖(tu)(tu)(tu)部(bu)分應做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)：
1、了(le)(le)解建(jian)筑物(wu)的層(ceng)數和高度(du)(du)(包括層(ceng)高和總高)、室內(nei)外高差、結(jie)構形式(shi)(shi)、縱向總長及(ji)(ji)跨度(du)(du)等(deng)。2、了(le)(le)解工程的用料(liao)及(ji)(ji)做(zuo)(zuo)法，包括樓(lou)地面(mian)、屋面(mian)、門窗、墻柱面(mian)裝飾(shi)的用料(liao)及(ji)(ji)做(zuo)(zuo)法。3、了(le)(le)解建(jian)筑物(wu)的墻厚，樓(lou)地面(mian)面(mian)層(ceng)、屋面(mian)門窗、天(tian)棚，內(nei)墻飾(shi)面(mian)在(zai)不同的層(ceng)上有無變(bian)化，以(yi)便(bian)(bian)采(cai)用不同的計算(suan)方(fang)法。結(jie)構圖(tu)(tu)部分應(ying)做(zuo)(zuo)到：1、了(le)(le)解基礎形式(shi)(shi)、深度(du)(du)、土壤類(lei)別、開挖方(fang)式(shi)(shi)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)基礎墻體的材(cai)料(liao)及(ji)(ji)做(zuo)(zuo)法。2、了(le)(le)解設計說明中涉及(ji)(ji)到工程量計算(suan)的相(xiang)關內(nei)容，以(yi)便(bian)(bian)全面(mian)領(ling)會圖(tu)(tu)紙的設計意圖(tu)(tu)，避(bi)免重算(suan)和漏(lou)算(suan)。
對工程(cheng)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)有了總體的(de)把握之(zhi)后，就要(yao)仔細的(de)閱讀圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)，像(xiang)平面(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)，梁(liang)板(ban)結構圖(tu)(tu)(tu)、配筋(jin)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)等。目的(de)是(shi)先學(xue)會(hui)看(kan)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)，將圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)中不明(ming)白之(zhi)處弄清楚。在(zai)梁(liang)板(ban)配筋(jin)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)方面(mian)看(kan)起來會(hui)比(bi)較吃(chi)力(li)，原(yuan)本鋼(gang)筋(jin)一塊在(zai)課堂上(shang)介紹的(de)舊(jiu)不多(duo)，有許(xu)多(duo)地方都看(kan)不明(ming)白，經過許(xu)久的(de)看(kan)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)問人(ren)，總算(suan)是(shi)將鋼(gang)筋(jin)的(de)表示弄明(ming)白了，現在(zai)一般的(de)梁(liang)配筋(jin)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)也都大(da)致能夠(gou)看(kan)得懂了。先再多(duo)用的(de)是(shi)鋼(gang)筋(jin)的(de)平面(mian)注(zhu)(zhu)寫，他包括集中標(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)和原(yuan)位標(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)。
集(ji)中(zhong)標注(zhu)表(biao)達梁的通(tong)用數(shu)值第一(yi)排注(zhu)明梁底編(bian)號、跨度和(he)截面尺寸，例如：KL1(4A) 200*870表(biao)示(shi)的是1號框架梁、4跨，其中(zhong)一(yi)端懸挑(tiao)，梁截面為(wei)(wei)200*870;第二排注(zhu)寫箍(gu)筋(jin)，例如：φ10@150/200(2)表(biao)示(shi)箍(gu)筋(jin)直徑為(wei)(wei)10，間距150，非加密(mi)處間距為(wei)(wei)200，兩肢箍(gu);第三行注(zhu)寫上(shang)部和(he)下(xia)部貫通(tong)筋(jin)，例如2φ25;2φ22表(biao)示(shi)上(shang)2根(gen)25，下(xia)2根(gen)22貫通(tong)筋(jin)。
3月4日至7日熟悉晨(chen)曦工程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)計(ji)算(suan)式(shi)(shi)軟(ruan)件(jian)。來到(dao)公司以后我(wo)發現工作(zuo)用的工程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)計(ji)算(suan)軟(ruan)件(jian)并是不(bu)我(wo)們在學(xue)校接觸的廣聯達軟(ruan)件(jian)而是晨(chen)曦計(ji)算(suan)式(shi)(shi)軟(ruan)件(jian)。于是我(wo)拷來晨(chen)曦計(ji)算(suan)式(shi)(shi)軟(ruan)件(jian)進(jin)行學(xue)習(xi)，為以后學(xue)習(xi)計(ji)算(suan)工程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)做準備，。晨(chen)曦工程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)計(ji)算(suan)式(shi)(shi)軟(ruan)件(jian)的工作(zuo)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)大致如下：新建(jian)工程(cheng)(cheng)→新建(jian)分部→在子目列輸(shu)入相應(ying)的計(ji)算(suan)式(shi)(shi)→重新匯總→打印。工程(cheng)(cheng)臺賬：
1、新建(jian)工(gong)程：通(tong)過菜單(dan)的(de)“工(gong)程文件|新建(jian)工(gong)程”彈出(chu)新建(jian)工(gong)程對話(hua)框(kuang)，在(zai)對話(hua)框(kuang)中輸(shu)入合適的(de)項目(mu)名稱。
2、打開工程(cheng)：通過菜單(dan)的(de)“工程(cheng)文件(jian) | 工程(cheng)臺(tai)帳(zhang)”彈出(chu)工程(cheng)臺(tai)帳(zhang)對話框，在(zai)工程(cheng)列表中選擇項(xiang)目名稱。分(fen)部操(cao)(cao)作：分(fen)部以樹形圖顯示，在(zai)節點上點擊右鍵時(shi)彈出(chu)分(fen)部操(cao)(cao)作菜單(dan)，可進行增加、插入、刪除、重命(ming)名、復制、粘貼分(fen)部。
子目(mu)操作(zuo)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)對子目(mu)進行復(fu)制操作(zuo)后，可(ke)進行粘貼子目(mu)，粘貼子目(mu)科可(ke)分為“粘貼定額及(ji)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)”、“替換計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)”、“追加(jia)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)”，其中(zhong)，“追加(jia)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)”可(ke)將(jiang)復(fu)制的(de)(de)子目(mu)的(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)添加(jia)到選定子目(mu)尾(wei)部，即將(jiang)兩(liang)個子目(mu)的(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)合并后作(zuo)為選定子目(mu)的(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)書寫：計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)固定在(zai)(zai)(zai)偶數行輸入，注釋和說明除了(le)可(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)奇數行中(zhong)輸入外，還可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)(zai)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)用[]來(lai)包含(han)注釋內容，例(li)如：300+500[梁高]。
3月10日至12日學習建筑面積工程量計算(suan)(suan)(suan)。將劉(liu)老師給我的(de)(de)圖紙仔(zi)細閱讀之后就開始(shi)正式的(de)(de)工程清單(dan)量計算(suan)(suan)(suan)了，我是根據施工工藝流程和清單(dan)規(gui)范(fan)進行清單(dan)量計算(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)。由于是第一次用晨曦(xi)計算(suan)(suan)(suan)式軟件進行計算(suan)(suan)(suan)，，用起來也(ye)多有(you)不習慣(guan)之處，算(suan)(suan)(suan)得(de)比較(jiao)慢。
建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)看(kan)似(si)簡單，可(ke)真正做起來卻遇到了許(xu)多問(wen)題，在計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)時我主(zhu)要遇到的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題有(you)兩個：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頂(ding)(ding)層(ceng)(ceng)多出的(de)(de)(de)部位，如(ru)樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)，且我做的(de)(de)(de)那份(fen)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)樓(lou)是(shi)(shi)坡屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，頂(ding)(ding)層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)(gao)與其它層(ceng)(ceng)較高(gao)(gao)，構(gou)(gou)造形式(shi)也較一(yi)般平屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)復(fu)雜，花了較多的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)細看(kan)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙，想象(xiang)空(kong)間(jian)形狀，在這(zhe)個階段要結合頂(ding)(ding)層(ceng)(ceng)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)各個立面(mian)(mian)(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、令外(wai)(wai)還參考剖(pou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，最終才確定(ding)出在標高(gao)(gao)18.6m處以上應計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji);二(er)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)于(yu)是(shi)(shi)否應該計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)采光井的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)思考，之前在書本上介(jie)紹的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)于(yu)地下(xia)室采光井不計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)，但這(zhe)次圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙中的(de)(de)(de)采光井是(shi)(shi)在主(zhu)體結構(gou)(gou)中的(de)(de)(de)，我認(ren)為它類似(si)于(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)內的(de)(de)(de)垃圾通(tong)道(dao)、電梯(ti)井、管(guan)道(dao)井等應該按建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)自然層(ceng)(ceng)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)，但后來請教了旁邊的(de)(de)(de)同事(shi)，他說采光井不應該計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)。此(ci)外(wai)(wai)，我認(ren)為計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)時有(you)些(xie)小地方(fang)容(rong)易出錯，在計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)式(shi)應該注意，如(ru)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)臺階、坡道(dao)，空(kong)調板不能計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)，陽臺、雨棚(寬(kuan)度超過2.1m)應按外(wai)(wai)圍尺寸計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)一(yi)半的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)，高(gao)(gao)低(di)聯跨的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)，應以高(gao)(gao)跨結構(gou)(gou)外(wai)(wai)邊線為界計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)。
3月(yue)13日至(zhi)17日學習土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)石(shi)方(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)。金(jin)建小(xiao)區采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)承臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)形式(shi)，因此要(yao)進行(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)挖(wa)。計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)特別留心(xin)挖(wa)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)體積是(shi)(shi)(shi)按(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)層底(di)面(mian)積乘以挖(wa)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)深度(du)(du)，不能(neng)直接就(jiu)用基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底(di)面(mian)積來(lai)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)。比(bi)較難計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)梁處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶型基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，它不僅在(zai)清(qing)(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)定額(e)(e)中(zhong)對(dui)于是(shi)(shi)(shi)否考慮工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)、放坡系(xi)數處(chu)不同(tong)(tong)，在(zai)長度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)上兩者也不相同(tong)(tong)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)：挖(wa)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)=基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)截(jie)面(mian)積*長度(du)(du) (基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)截(jie)面(mian)積為基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)層底(di)寬(kuan)(kuan)乘以挖(wa)深，長度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)為外墻按(an)中(zhong)心(xin)線(xian)長計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)，內墻按(an)凈長線(xian)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan))定額(e)(e)：挖(wa)溝槽工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)=基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)截(jie)面(mian)積*長度(du)(du) (基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)截(jie)面(mian)積為墊(dian)(dian)(dian)層底(di)寬(kuan)(kuan)加(jia)上工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)，本(ben)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挖(wa)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)梁土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)不需進行(xing)放坡;長度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)不論內外墻均按(an)中(zhong)心(xin)線(xian)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan))。此外，在(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)石(shi)方(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong)還(huan)應計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)石(shi)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回填(tian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，清(qing)(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)中(zhong)回填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)石(shi)方(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為之前計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挖(wa)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)扣除(chu)埋(mai)地混凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(即樁承臺(tai)和(he)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)梁)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，接著(zhu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)該清(qing)(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定額(e)(e)套用，它對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定額(e)(e)項(xiang)目有人工(gong)(gong)填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)夯實槽坑和(he)自卸汽車運土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，在(zai)定額(e)(e)項(xiang)目中(zhong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)所采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)數是(shi)(shi)(shi)之前計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挖(wa)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定額(e)(e)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)埋(mai)地混凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。
3月18日到20日學習(xi)砌筑(zhu)(zhu)工程量計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)。砌筑(zhu)(zhu)工程量的(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)較(jiao)繁瑣，金(jin)建小區58#樓的(de)(de)(de)(de)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)一共(gong)分(fen)為兩(liang)種200厚(hou)和(he)100厚(hou)加氣(qi)混凝土砌塊，一共(gong)分(fen)為兩(liang)個項目(mu)即可。計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)時先(xian)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)出墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)面積(ji)(ji)(應扣除(chu)門窗(chuang)口洞)，再乘以(yi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)，最(zui)后(hou)扣除(chu)門窗(chuang)過梁構造柱(zhu)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)。首先(xian)是(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)確定(ding)，“墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)按(an)(an)中(zhong)心(xin)線、內(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)按(an)(an)凈長線”這(zhe)個是(shi)(shi)大家都(dou)知道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，可是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)內(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與(yu)內(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)交(jiao)接處(chu)(chu)就出現了問題，后(hou)來上網查閱了一下，才(cai)知道(dao)在(zai)(zai)內(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與(yu)內(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)L型(xing)相(xiang)交(jiao)時，兩(liang)面內(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長度(du)(du)(du)均(jun)(jun)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)至中(zhong)心(xin)線，內(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與(yu)內(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)十字相(xiang)交(jiao)時按(an)(an)較(jiao)厚(hou)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，較(jiao)薄墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長度(du)(du)(du)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)至較(jiao)厚(hou)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外邊(bian)線，由(you)于金(jin)建小區的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)均(jun)(jun)為100厚(hou)，我便將內(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)十字相(xiang)交(jiao)處(chu)(chu)做(zuo)了一下處(chu)(chu)理，按(an)(an)橫(heng)向墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，縱向墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)按(an)(an)凈長計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)。其(qi)次是(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)確定(ding)，由(you)于金(jin)建小區是(shi)(shi)坡屋(wu)頂結構，因(yin)此(ci)有一部分(fen)橫(heng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頂端是(shi)(shi)三(san)角形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，此(ci)部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度(du)(du)(du)按(an)(an)平均(jun)(jun)高度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，其(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)至梁底，因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)(zai)確定(ding)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高時還(huan)應結合梁板(ban)配筋圖找出墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)梁高。最(zui)后(hou)在(zai)(zai)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)門窗(chuang)過梁的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)時要注意過梁伸入墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)兩(liang)邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長度(du)(du)(du)。
3月21日(ri)到26學習屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)工(gong)程量(liang)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)。屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)工(gong)程是以面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)，定額(e)子項(xiang)(xiang)目多。金(jin)建小區(qu)(qu)的(de)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)采用的(de)'是瓦屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)形式，我認真(zhen)分析了其(qi)做法(fa)，詳細參(can)考了相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)圖集(ji)03J930-1，終于確定了瓦屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)清單項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)定額(e)列項(xiang)(xiang)，有10107022|英(ying)紅(hong)彩瓦(屋(wu)(wu)(wu)脊)、20101016|20mm水(shui)泥砂漿找平(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)(在砼或硬基層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang))、10107023|屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)藍色(se)曲面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)瓦。瓦屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)不扣除房上(shang)(shang)煙囪(cong)、風(feng)帽(mao)、底座、風(feng)道(dao)、小氣(qi)(qi)窗、斜溝等所(suo)占(zhan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積，小氣(qi)(qi)窗的(de)出(chu)檐部(bu)分不增加(jia)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積。屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)涂抹防(fang)(fang)水(shui)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)涂抹防(fang)(fang)水(shui)按設計(ji)(ji)圖示尺寸以面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)。1.斜屋(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(不包括平(ping)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)找坡(po))按斜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)，平(ping)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)按水(shui)平(ping)投影面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)。2.不扣除房上(shang)(shang)煙囪(cong)、風(feng)帽(mao)底座、風(feng)道(dao)、屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)小氣(qi)(qi)窗和斜溝所(suo)占(zhan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積。3.屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)女兒(er)墻、伸縮縫(feng)和天窗等處的(de)彎起(qi)部(bu)分，并入屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)工(gong)程量(liang)內。金(jin)建小區(qu)(qu)的(de)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)結構比較復雜，需(xu)要仔細看圖想象才(cai)能對其(qi)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)結構有一個(ge)空(kong)間(jian)上(shang)(shang)概念，最終確定出(chu)其(qi)涂膜(mo)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)一共分為(wei)三種：坡(po)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)、樓梯間(jian)不上(shang)(shang)人屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)、上(shang)(shang)人屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)。
3月26日到28日學習晨(chen)曦清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)(dan)計(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)軟件。首先(xian)是新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，在新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)對(dui)話框(kuang)中選擇(ze)號(hao)正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業和信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)設置后(hou)(hou)便可進(jin)入(ru)報價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)模(mo)式，在進(jin)行工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)(liang)報價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)前一般先(xian)選擇(ze)計(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)依據，當(dang)軟件中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)比較弱后(hou)(hou)不能(neng)反映當(dang)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)時(shi)(shi)通過“信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)升級”下(xia)載最新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。在信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)列表中選擇(ze)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)后(hou)(hou)點擊“改(gai)變(bian)當(dang)前信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)”，可以(yi)把選中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)設為(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。更(geng)改(gai)完信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)就(jiu)可以(yi)正式開始項目(mu)輸(shu)入(ru)報價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)了。在剛進(jin)行清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)(dan)報價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)時(shi)(shi)對(dui)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)(dan)項目(mu)后(hou)(hou)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)式概(gai)念不清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，不清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)楚合價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、單(dan)(dan)(dan)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、議價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)三(san)種組(zu)(zu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區別，于是又(you)上(shang)網查閱了相關(guan)資料(liao)，終于弄明白區別如下(xia)： 合價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)組(zu)(zu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，合價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)組(zu)(zu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)下(xia)定(ding)(ding)額的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)完成(cheng)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)(dan)項目(mu)全部數量(liang)(liang)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)(liang);單(dan)(dan)(dan)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)組(zu)(zu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)(dan)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)等于定(ding)(ding)額項目(mu)合計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匯總。單(dan)(dan)(dan)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)組(zu)(zu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)下(xia)定(ding)(ding)額的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)完成(cheng)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)(dan)項目(mu)1個單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)(liang);議價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)組(zu)(zu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，選擇(ze)議價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)組(zu)(zu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)式，清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金額不由定(ding)(ding)額項目(mu)匯總得出，可以(yi)自行輸(shu)入(ru)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)(dan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。
3月(yue)31日至4月(yue)2日學習整(zheng)(zheng)理圖(tu)紙(zhi)、點算(suan)(suan)(suan)承(cheng)臺(tai)、柱(zhu)。計算(suan)(suan)(suan)完的(de)圖(tu)紙(zhi)要對照(zhao)圖(tu)紙(zhi)目錄將(jiang)圖(tu)紙(zhi)按順序疊(die)放好，再(zai)交(jiao)還業主。我(wo)們便(bian)開始整(zheng)(zheng)理了，在整(zheng)(zheng)理的(de)過(guo)程中我(wo)發現一套完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)圖(tu)紙(zhi)原來分(fen)為(wei)建施(shi)圖(tu)、結(jie)施(shi)圖(tu)、給(gei)排水圖(tu)、電氣(qi)圖(tu)、暖(nuan)通圖(tu)、智(zhi)能電氣(qi)(弱電)圖(tu)，我(wo)實(shi)習算(suan)(suan)(suan)量(liang)時接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)只是其中土(tu)建部分(fen)，建施(shi)圖(tu)和(he)結(jie)施(shi)圖(tu)。 在點算(suan)(suan)(suan)承(cheng)臺(tai)、柱(zhu)的(de)過(guo)程中我(wo)是按照(zhao)軸線來點算(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)，這(zhe)樣比較(jiao)不(bu)(bu)容(rong)易(yi)多算(suan)(suan)(suan)漏(lou)算(suan)(suan)(suan)，但也有(you)些地(di)方不(bu)(bu)是規則的(de)橫縱向軸線，這(zhe)就需(xu)要特別仔細(xi)認清哪些是算(suan)(suan)(suan)過(guo)的(de)，并做上記號。將(jiang)各種承(cheng)臺(tai)點算(suan)(suan)(suan)好后在進行總(zong)(zong)的(de)承(cheng)臺(tai)的(de)點算(suan)(suan)(suan)，若總(zong)(zong)數與(yu)各承(cheng)臺(tai)之和(he)相(xiang)等(deng)，說(shuo)明沒有(you)算(suan)(suan)(suan)錯(cuo)(一般不(bu)(bu)容(rong)易(yi)錯(cuo))，若是不(bu)(bu)等(deng)，便(bian)要再(zai)重新算(suan)(suan)(suan)過(guo)，找出錯(cuo)誤的(de)地(di)方。
4月2日到(dao)(dao)3日學(xue)習柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、有(you)(you)梁(liang)(liang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工程量(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)。首先是(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)，金建(jian)小區(qu)58#樓共有(you)(you)六層，其(qi)中不(bu)同(tong)部(bu)位的(de)(de)框(kuang)架柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、構造柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)(deng)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)強度(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)級(ji)、品(pin)種不(bu)同(tong)，之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)在瀏(liu)覽(lan)建(jian)施(shi)總說明和結施(shi)總說明時(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)發現其(qi)中有(you)(you)提到(dao)(dao)不(bu)同(tong)部(bu)位分(fen)別用(yong)(yong)什么(me)樣的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，現在真正開始計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)時(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)再(zai)詳細(xi)翻(fan)看說明和具體(ti)詳圖(tu)，明確(que)了(le)58#樓的(de)(de)框(kuang)架柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中，架空層的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)強度(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)級(ji)為C30，一直六層框(kuang)架柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)強度(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)級(ji)為C25，構造柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、梯(ti)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)強度(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)級(ji)為C20，弄清楚各(ge)部(bu)位柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)進行分(fen)項計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)，將同(tong)一等(deng)(deng)級(ji)的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)歸至(zhi)(zhi)一項計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)簡(jian)單，以(yi)(yi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)截(jie)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)乘以(yi)(yi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)(gao)即可，其(qi)中應(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)(gao)應(ying)(ying)算(suan)(suan)至(zhi)(zhi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)頂。有(you)(you)梁(liang)(liang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)，有(you)(you)梁(liang)(liang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)稍微比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)復雜一點，它混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)界(jie)(jie)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)最外(wai)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)為界(jie)(jie)，我是(shi)先將有(you)(you)梁(liang)(liang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)算(suan)(suan)出再(zai)加上(shang)梁(liang)(liang)凈高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)量(liang)(liang)，在計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)梁(liang)(liang)時(shi)(shi)舊可以(yi)(yi)利用(yong)(yong)到(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)算(suan)(suan)過(guo)的(de)(de)基(ji)數，將之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)算(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)各(ge)層建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)乘以(yi)(yi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)厚(hou)得(de)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)數值(zhi)即為板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)量(liang)(liang)，個(ge)別板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)厚(hou)不(bu)同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)處在加上(shang)或扣除少算(suan)(suan)或多算(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)，很快就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)將板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)量(liang)(liang)算(suan)(suan)出;再(zai)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)梁(liang)(liang)凈高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工程量(liang)(liang)，這就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)還需要用(yong)(yong)到(dao)(dao)梁(liang)(liang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)配筋圖(tu)來(lai)確(que)定(ding)(ding)梁(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)截(jie)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)，計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)梁(liang)(liang)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)梁(liang)(liang)時(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要應(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意的(de)(de)是(shi)應(ying)(ying)先計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)主(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)工程量(liang)(liang)，主(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)量(liang)(liang)為凈截(jie)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)乘以(yi)(yi)梁(liang)(liang)長，主(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)長度(du)(du)(du)算(suan)(suan)至(zhi)(zhi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)，最后(hou)再(zai)算(suan)(suan)次(ci)梁(liang)(liang)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)量(liang)(liang)，次(ci)梁(liang)(liang)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)量(liang)(liang)也(ye)是(shi)由(you)凈截(jie)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)乘以(yi)(yi)梁(liang)(liang)長，但梁(liang)(liang)長應(ying)(ying)算(suan)(suan)至(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)。
4月4日(ri)，即實習(xi)最后(hou)一天(tian)學(xue)習(xi)晨曦軟(ruan)件(jian)套價、整(zheng)理資料，并進行(xing)實習(xi)總結。套完價之(zhi)后(hou)便開始整(zheng)理這(zhe)近一個月來的資料與(yu)思緒(xu)。
三、收獲與感想
談(tan)到收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)和(he)感(gan)想(xiang)，首先得感(gan)謝(xie)哈爾濱遠大房屋建(jian)設開發有限(xian)公(gong)司(si)李(li)經理給了(le)我這次實習(xi)學習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)機會和(he)劉老師這一月(yue)以來對(dui)我的(de)(de)(de)指導和(he)關懷(huai)以及(ji)給位同事這段時間(jian)對(dui)我的(de)(de)(de)幫助。在(zai)(zai)他們的(de)(de)(de)幫助教導和(he)關懷(huai)下(xia)，在(zai)(zai)這一個月(yue)內我有了(le)不少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)和(he)成長。
經過這(zhe)段時間(jian)深入用人單位實(shi)習工作(zuo)(zuo)，使我(wo)(wo)獲得了以(yi)(yi)下幾個方面的(de)(de)經驗(yan)和啟示。首先，在思想(xiang)方面要有堅(jian)持(chi)不(bu)懈持(chi)之以(yi)(yi)恒的(de)(de)精神(shen)。在以(yi)(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)中我(wo)(wo)可(ke)能(neng)會遇到比實(shi)習期間(jian)更(geng)多更(geng)艱巨的(de)(de)挑戰，只有堅(jian)持(chi)不(bu)懈持(chi)之以(yi)(yi)恒的(de)(de)去面對這(zhe)些挑戰才能(neng)更(geng)好的(de)(de)在工作(zuo)(zuo)中成(cheng)長。其次，在工作(zuo)(zuo)方面要足夠勤奮，能(neng)夠任勞(lao)任怨。
作為新員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)剛(gang)進入(ru)用人單位可能只會做一些小(xiao)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)，我不(bu)能消極懈怠(dai)，要(yao)保(bao)質保(bao)量完成領(ling)導(dao)所分配的(de)每一項任(ren)務(wu)(wu)，積累經驗教訓時(shi)(shi)刻(ke)為迎接(jie)大任(ren)務(wu)(wu)做準備(bei);要(yao)虛心學習，不(bu)恥下(xia)問。作為新入(ru)職(zhi)的(de)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作經驗還(huan)相當(dang)缺乏，在遇到不(bu)懂的(de)東(dong)西應該及時(shi)(shi)向前輩請教，以(yi)彌補(bu)自己的(de)不(bu)足，做到邊(bian)(bian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作邊(bian)(bian)學習邊(bian)(bian)總結邊(bian)(bian)提高。
最后，在(zai)(zai)知識(shi)(shi)積(ji)累方面要(yao)多學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)，多總(zong)結。社會是(shi)一(yi)個知識(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)大熔(rong)爐，我在(zai)(zai)學(xue)(xue)校學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)只是(shi)一(yi)點皮毛，在(zai)(zai)以(yi)后的(de)(de)工(gong)作中(zhong)我應該積(ji)極查閱相關知識(shi)(shi)文獻(xian)案例，從(cong)中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)相關知識(shi)(shi)以(yi)提高自(zi)己的(de)(de)專業知識(shi)(shi)和(he)專業技能(neng)。經(jing)(jing)過這(zhe)次實(shi)習(xi)(xi)，使我深刻認識(shi)(shi)到實(shi)踐知識(shi)(shi)和(he)技能(neng)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)作中(zhong)的(de)(de)重要(yao)性，在(zai)(zai)以(yi)后的(de)(de)工(gong)作中(zhong)，我應該積(ji)極向前輩學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)處事(shi)技巧，并且能(neng)夠積(ji)極承接任(ren)務，在(zai)(zai)任(ren)務中(zhong)積(ji)累知識(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)提高自(zi)己。
工程造價(jia)是我們專業(ye)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)就業(ye)一個(ge)很(hen)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)，通過這一個(ge)月期(qi)間，我驗證和鞏固(gu)充實所學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)論知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)，加深了(le)對(dui)相關內(nei)容的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)解(jie)，接觸課堂以(yi)外的(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)，加深了(le)解(jie)了(le)對(dui)預算業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)解(jie)，培(pei)養了(le)獨立(li)進行資料收集和解(jie)決問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)能力(li)，拓寬了(le)視(shi)野，增(zeng)長了(le)見識(shi)，體驗到社會(hui)競爭的(de)(de)(de)殘(can)酷，同(tong)時也意(yi)識(shi)到自(zi)己經驗和閱歷嚴重匱乏。我希望自(zi)己在以(yi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)工作學(xue)習中(zhong)能夠多積累的(de)(de)(de)經驗，為(wei)將自(zi)己事業(ye)之(zhi)路(lu)做準備。
工程管理實習報告2
在即將結束的大(da)三(san)學(xue)習(xi)中，我(wo)(wo)終于迎來了(le)本專業第一(yi)次(ci)(ci)實習(xi)。實習(xi)之中，學(xue)院為我(wo)(wo)們這(zhe)次(ci)(ci)實習(xi)能勝利圓滿的完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)指導員老(lao)師和(he)院領導交(jiao)代了(le)注意事項(xiang)。第一(yi)重要的還是(shi)(shi)(shi)安全。畢竟安全第一(yi)!而實習(xi)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)學(xue)生活(huo)的第二課堂,是(shi)(shi)(shi)知識(shi)發展(zhan)的源泉(quan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)驗真理的試金石,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)鍛煉成(cheng)長的有效途徑(jing)。一(yi)個人的知識(shi)和(he)能力只有在實踐(jian)中才能發揮作用,才能得到豐富(fu)、完(wan)(wan)善和(he)發展(zhan)。由于這(zhe)次(ci)(ci)實習(xi)的時候錦江佳苑3棟才剛(gang)剛(gang)做(zuo)完(wan)(wan)基礎(chu)，所(suo)以沒有參與基礎(chu)工程實習(xi)。以下(xia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)通過這(zhe)次(ci)(ci)實習(xi)的認識(shi)和(he)收(shou)獲(huo)。
自1988年開(kai)始起(qi)步，隨著我國改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放的不斷(duan)深入和交通事業的持續、快速發展，建設監理制度已成為我國公(gong)路、水(shui)運工程建設中不可缺少的重(zhong)要環節，所起(qi)的作用(yong)也越來越明顯(xian)。
建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)，即有(you)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)單(dan)(dan)位接收業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)的(de)(de)委托和授(shou)權，根據國(guo)家(jia)批準(zhun)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)文件、有(you)關法(fa)律、法(fa)規(gui)和監(jian)(jian)理(li)合(he)同及其他建(jian)(jian)設合(he)同進行的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)、管理(li)活動。它(ta)(ta)由監(jian)(jian)理(li)單(dan)(dan)位對承(cheng)包單(dan)(dan)位在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期和資(zi)金使用等(deng)方面，代表(biao)建(jian)(jian)設單(dan)(dan)位實施(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)督。監(jian)(jian)理(li)單(dan)(dan)位即監(jian)(jian)理(li)公司，是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)具有(you)法(fa)人資(zi)格、并(bing)取得交通主(zhu)管部門頒發的(de)(de)公路工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)(jian)理(li)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證書，從事工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟組織。它(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)的(de)(de)執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機構(gou)。監(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)需經(jing)全國(guo)統(tong)一考試合(he)格，取得《監(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)資(zi)格證書》并(bing)經(jing)注冊登記(ji)。他是(shi)(shi)代表(biao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，是(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)和承(cheng)包商之(zhi)間的(de)(de)橋梁，這不僅要求執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者懂得工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術(shu)知識、成本核算，還(huan)(huan)需要其非常清楚建(jian)(jian)筑法(fa)規(gui)。在(zai)監(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作進行時，還(huan)(huan)需總(zong)監(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)一職，他由法(fa)定代表(biao)人書面授(shou)權，全面負(fu)責(ze)委托監(jian)(jian)理(li)合(he)同的(de)(de)履行，主(zhu)持(chi)項(xiang)目(mu)監(jian)(jian)理(li)機構(gou)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)。此外，監(jian)(jian)理(li)人員(yuan)還(huan)(huan)包括專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)監(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)和監(jian)(jian)理(li)員(yuan)，但對于(yu)信(xin)息系統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，總(zong)監(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)的(de)(de)作用至關重(zhong)要。總(zong)監(jian)(jian)具體工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，應做到誠信(xin)服務(wu)，事前予控(kong)(kong)，重(zhong)視工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地例(li)會(hui)。
建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)經招投(tou)標，簽(qian)訂合同(tong)(tong)同(tong)(tong)時任命(ming)總監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、組成更建(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)班子，再(zai)由總監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)具體規劃，并(bing)按(an)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)要(yao)求建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)實施(shi)(shi)細則，便能進行(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)量監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)。在質(zhi)量監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)過程中，需做到精心策劃，事(shi)前予控(kong)(kong);認真(zhen)履行(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)中檢查驗收(shou)(shou);實事(shi)求是(shi)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)評定(ding)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)內容是(shi)：控(kong)(kong)制工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)投(tou)資控(kong)(kong)制、建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)期控(kong)(kong)制、工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量控(kong)(kong)制;進行(xing)(xing)(xing)信息管理(li)(li)(li)、工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)合同(tong)(tong)管理(li)(li)(li)、安全管理(li)(li)(li);協(xie)調(diao)有(you)關單(dan)位之間的(de)工(gong)(gong)作關系(xi)，即(ji)“三(san)控(kong)(kong)、三(san)管、一(yi)協(xie)調(diao)”。其主(zhu)要(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)制度(du)包括(kuo)：開(kai)工(gong)(gong)申請，圖紙會(hui)審，材(cai)料報(bao)驗，分(fen)項(xiang)驗收(shou)(shou)、屏蔽驗收(shou)(shou)，會(hui)議制度(du)，資料管理(li)(li)(li)和(he)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)停(ting)工(gong)(gong)令。同(tong)(tong)時，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作須具有(you)服(fu)務性，獨(du)立(li)(li)性，公開(kai)性和(he)獨(du)立(li)(li)性，以保證監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作正(zheng)常而(er)高效的(de)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)。
目前，雖然建設(she)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)制度已經在全國(guo)范圍內推行，但(dan)業主、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位和(he)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)機(ji)構對實(shi)行工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)的意義及其重要性還(huan)是(shi)缺乏認識(shi)，對監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)的地位及與各方的關系也不(bu)甚了(le)解。有些業主認為監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)是(shi)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)的雇員(yuan)，必須(xu)為自(zi)己(ji)(ji)的利益著想，按自(zi)己(ji)(ji)的要求辦事。質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)機(ji)構認為監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)代替了(le)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)的職能，因而忽(hu)視了(le)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)。由(you)于對監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的模糊(hu)認識(shi)，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)各方在關系的協調(diao)上不(bu)順(shun)暢，監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)的決定不(bu)能實(shi)施，監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)效果(guo)不(bu)夠理(li)(li)(li)想，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作出現漏洞。當(dang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)出現質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題時，還(huan)容易(yi)出現互相推諉扯皮(pi)的現象(xiang)。
實(shi)行建(jian)(jian)設(she)監理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度是我國(guo)建(jian)(jian)設(she)領域的(de)(de)(de)一項(xiang)重大(da)改革，是我國(guo)對外開放、國(guo)際交往日益擴(kuo)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)結果。通過實(shi)行建(jian)(jian)設(she)監理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度，我國(guo)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)開始向社會化、專業化、規范化的(de)(de)(de)先(xian)進(jin)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)模式轉變。這(zhe)(zhe)種管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)模式，在(zai)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)法(fa)(fa)人與(yu)承(cheng)包(bao)商之間(jian)引入(ru)了建(jian)(jian)設(she)監理(li)(li)(li)單(dan)位作為中介服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)第三(san)方，進(jin)而在(zai)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)法(fa)(fa)人與(yu)承(cheng)包(bao)商、項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)法(fa)(fa)人與(yu)監理(li)(li)(li)單(dan)位之間(jian)形成了以經濟合(he)同為紐帶，以提高工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)和建(jian)(jian)設(she)水平(ping)為目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)互制(zhi)(zhi)約、相(xiang)互協作、相(xiang)互促進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)一種新的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)運行機制(zhi)(zhi)。這(zhe)(zhe)種機制(zhi)(zhi)為提高建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)、節約建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)投資、縮短建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)期創(chuang)造(zao)了有利條件。
在接下來的(de)實習中，我們對(dui)給水(shui)排水(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)進行了學習。
總所(suo)周知，在(zai)任何工程項(xiang)目中，設(she)計與施工都是創造性的工作，兩者相互配合(he)，相輔相成(cheng)。
設(she)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)作是(shi)指工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)目標(biao)，運(yun)用(yong)工(gong)程(cheng)技術和經(jing)濟方法(fa)，對建設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)的工(gong)藝、土木、建筑、公用(yong)環境(jing)等系統進行(xing)綜(zong)合策劃，論證編制建設(she)所(suo)需要(yao)的設(she)計(ji)(ji)文(wen)件(jian)及相關活動(dong)。其主要(yao)內容包括：
1.基礎資料(liao)準備：包(bao)括工程(cheng)概況(kuang)、地形圖、地質資料(liao)、任務(wu)下(xia)達書、道(dao)路工程(cheng)投(tou)資資料(liao)，并結合以上資料(liao)進(jin)行現(xian)場(chang)踏勘;
2.方(fang)(fang)案設計、比選：較多的與甲方(fang)(fang)、審(shen)批部(bu)門的溝通，項目建設書、可行(xing)性研究報告，管(guan)線敷設方(fang)(fang)案的比選，工程(cheng)沿線可作為雨(yu)水、污(wu)水出入關取得確(que)定(ding);
3.施(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)：依照設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原(yuan)則進行要(yao)求達到(dao)經濟效(xiao)益最(zui)優，主要(yao)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)參(can)(can)數(shu)分平面設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)參(can)(can)數(shu)、縱斷(duan)面設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)參(can)(can)數(shu)、橫斷(duan)面設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)參(can)(can)數(shu)及(ji)各類孔口(kou)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)參(can)(can)數(shu)，設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)程中需專業協調，并遵循設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、施(shi)工(gong)、驗收規范，在施(shi)工(gong)中可采用(yong)新工(gong)藝，新材料，有必要(yao)時需繪(hui)制細部(bu)圖(tu)和大樣圖(tu);
4.技術(shu)交流：以便對(dui)方案中存在問題進行改進和提(ti)高;
5.設(she)計(ji)變更：針對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)出現問題所采取的措施(shi)(shi)。
我們所學的給水排水工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)，分為(wei)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)大方向：市政(zheng)和建(jian)筑。在接下來的實習中，我們針對市政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)這一方向進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)了學習。市政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)過程(cheng)由(you)機會(hui)(hui)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究，初步(bu)(bu)可(ke)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)性研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)議(yi)書)，可(ke)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)性研(yan)(yan)(yan)究報告，方案設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)以上可(ke)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方案，在進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)經濟、環境、社(she)會(hui)(hui)效益等(deng)方面的綜合比(bi)較選出最優方案)，施工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)，竣工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管理等(deng)八項(xiang)(xiang)組成。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)內(nei)容包括(kuo)方案設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，初步(bu)(bu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，施工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)。需(xu)注(zhu)意，初步(bu)(bu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)和施工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)最主要區別為(wei)施工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)帶大樣(yang)圖(tu)。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)須(xu)依據建(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)位的委(wei)托、意見及要求，前期的項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)書、可(ke)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)性研(yan)(yan)(yan)究報告(評審)，管線綜合、其他專(zhuan)業(ye)及相關資料、法律法規(gui)(gui)即專(zhuan)業(ye)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)規(gui)(gui)范進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。其步(bu)(bu)驟(zou)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)為(wei)：
1.現(xian)場踏勘(kan)：弄清現(xian)場諸(zhu)如(ru)雨水排(pai)放(fang)、污染源等情況;
2.資料調查
3.依據規(gui)(gui)范、法規(gui)(gui)、設(she)計(ji)經(jing)驗(yan)確定分水嶺，劃分排水區(qu)域(yu)，選擇(ze)設(she)計(ji)參數;
4.應盡量按照管線綜合(he)規(gui)劃設計;
5.現場施工過(guo)程中的技術服務;
6.設計變更：注明(ming)項目名稱(cheng)、位置、數量、規模等，經業(ye)主、施(shi)工、監理三(san)方簽(qian)字(zi)方能生(sheng)效。
再設計結束后(hou)，便可開始施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。管道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)內容主要(yao)有設計交底(介紹工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目，說(shuo)明施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中需注意的(de)(de)問題和存在(zai)的(de)(de)疑問，并指出錯誤)，收(shou)集資料(liao)(包(bao)括現場管線情況、地(di)質(zhi)水(shui)文、水(shui)電、機(ji)械等)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程概(gai)況、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法(fa)、材料(liao)機(ji)械的(de)(de)供應、安(an)全、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期計劃、環(huan)境(jing)保護等)，測(ce)量(根(gen)據水(shui)準點確(que)定井位)。在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完(wan)成后(hou)，還需根(gen)據施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)設計變更(geng)、中間(jian)(jian)驗收(shou)數據、材料(liao)合格(ge)證及(ji)驗收(shou)報告進行(xing)驗收(shou)方能投入使用。中間(jian)(jian)驗收(shou)數據是在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，也所(suo)做的(de)(de)中間(jian)(jian)驗收(shou)的(de)(de)記(ji)錄，包(bao)括管道(dao)、地(di)基、基礎等。
在對(dui)(dui)市政工(gong)程設計的(de)理論知識學(xue)習(xi)了之后(hou)，我們(men)還對(dui)(dui)工(gong)程實(shi)例進行了學(xue)習(xi)，使我們(men)所學(xue)的(de)知識得以鞏(gong)固，在腦中(zhong)初(chu)步形(xing)成了工(gong)程的(de)概念(nian)。
這一天(tian)，我們(men)學習了(le)排水工程(cheng)。
排(pai)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)給水(shui)(shui)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個重要(yao)組成(cheng)部分。其(qi)(qi)規劃(hua)與設(she)(she)(she)計應符合區(qu)域規劃(hua)以及(ji)城(cheng)市和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總體規劃(hua)，并應與城(cheng)市和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)企業(ye)中其(qi)(qi)他單項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)密(mi)切配(pei)合，互相(xiang)協調(diao);要(yao)與臨近區(qu)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)和(he)污(wu)泥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理和(he)處置協調(diao);應處理好(hao)污(wu)染源治理與集中處理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系;城(cheng)市污(wu)水(shui)(shui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淡水(shui)(shui)資源，在(zai)(zai)規劃(hua)重要(yao)考慮污(wu)水(shui)(shui)經(jing)再生后回用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方案;如排(pai)果(guo)設(she)(she)(she)計水(shui)(shui)區(qu)域內(nei)尚需考慮給水(shui)(shui)和(he)防洪(hong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，污(wu)水(shui)(shui)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)與給水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)協調(diao)，雨水(shui)(shui)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)與防洪(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)協調(diao)，以節省總投資所(suo)謂實(shi)踐是(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)驗真(zhen)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)標準，通過旁(pang)站，使(shi)我近距離的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀察了整個房屋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)造過程(cheng)，學(xue)到了很多很適(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)知識，這些知識往往是(shi)(shi)(shi)我在(zai)(zai)學(xue)校很少接(jie)(jie)觸，很少注(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但又是(shi)(shi)(shi)十分重要(yao)、十分基(ji)礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知識比如，鋼(gang)筋(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綁扎(zha)，底層基(ji)礎鋼(gang)筋(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綁扎(zha)首先要(yao)放樣，每(mei)一(yi)跨度里(li)鋼(gang)筋(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)頭數只有(you)25%，即4根鋼(gang)筋(jin)里(li)只有(you)一(yi)個接(jie)(jie)頭，另外，接(jie)(jie)頭要(yao)盡量放在(zai)(zai)受壓區(qu)內(nei)。在(zai)(zai)砌(qi)(qi)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，如遇到墻(qiang)要(yao)轉(zhuan)角或相(xiang)交(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，兩墻(qiang)要(yao)一(yi)起砌(qi)(qi)起來，在(zai)(zai)留(liu)(liu)槎(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，可(ke)(ke)以留(liu)(liu)斜槎(cha)(cha)，如果(guo)要(yao)留(liu)(liu)直槎(cha)(cha)，則必須留(liu)(liu)陽槎(cha)(cha)，且要(yao)有(you)拉結筋(jin)，不能(neng)留(liu)(liu)陰(yin)槎(cha)(cha)。在(zai)(zai)進行混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，要(yao)特(te)別注(zhu)意混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)合比，在(zai)(zai)天熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候要(yao)注(zhu)意養(yang)護。
通過這次實(shi)習，我(wo)(wo)學(xue)(xue)到了很(hen)多知(zhi)識(shi)那(nei)是(shi)(shi)在課堂上無法學(xue)(xue)到的東西(xi)。在我(wo)(wo)看來理論(lun)知(zhi)識(shi)固然重要(yao)，不過實(shi)踐(jian)更重要(yao)。在施工(gong)中(zhong)，很(hen)多時候靠的是(shi)(shi)經驗(yan)(yan)，在經驗(yan)(yan)來源(yuan)的同時用理論(lun)知(zhi)識(shi)去檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)。所以就算(suan)理論(lun)知(zhi)識(shi)掌握得在好，沒有(you)實(shi)習和工(gong)作的實(shi)際經驗(yan)(yan)也很(hen)難解(jie)決施工(gong)中(zhong)時刻遇到的種(zhong)種(zhong)問(wen)題。
記得(de)實習第一(yi)(yi)天，李(li)工說過(guo)一(yi)(yi)句(ju)話一(yi)(yi)句(ju)不(bu)得(de)不(bu)讓我(wo)(wo)折服(fu)的(de)(de)(de)話：他(ta)說，如果說理論知識我(wo)(wo)比不(bu)上(shang)(shang)你(ni)們(men)(men)，因為你(ni)們(men)(men)接受過(guo)大(da)學教(jiao)育而我(wo)(wo)自己(ji)沒(mei)有。但是(shi)我(wo)(wo)有多年的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)經(jing)驗即便沒(mei)上(shang)(shang)過(guo)大(da)學，對(dui)這些問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)解決也(ye)很熟(shu)悉。只要你(ni)們(men)(men)有過(guo)實際工作(zuo)一(yi)(yi)年的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗，就會很熟(shu)悉了(le)。在我(wo)(wo)看(kan)來，這或許是(shi)前(qian)輩(bei)的(de)(de)(de)謙虛(xu)和對(dui)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)鼓勵以及對(dui)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)要求吧。我(wo)(wo)想(xiang)也(ye)是(shi)，在這樣看(kan)來 我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)沒(mei)有理由做得(de)更好。在一(yi)(yi)次和白工的(de)(de)(de)閑聊中，他(ta)作(zuo)為一(yi)(yi)個前(qian)輩(bei)給(gei)了(le)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)很多啟示(shi)。
工程管理實習報告3
一.實習單位簡介
我本次(ci)實習是(shi)在勉縣交通局(ju)下(xia)屬單位(wei)勉縣路橋工程總公(gong)司(si)，該公(gong)司(si)成立(li)已近40年，具有多年的實地施(shi)工經(jing)驗。曾(ceng)經(jing)參與(yu)過川、陜、甘三省交界(jie)處(chu)市縣級公(gong)路的建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，近十幾年參與(yu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)了(le)國道108、西(安)漢(中)高速公(gong)路的建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。施(shi)工質量均達到了(le)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)要求。近幾年，該公(gong)司(si)響應國家建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)社會主義新(xin)農村的號召(zhao)，積極投身于農村基(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)的建(jian)(jian)造，為農村的鄉村公(gong)路改造貢獻(xian)自(zi)己(ji)的力量。
勉縣(xian)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)工程總公司(si)的主要職能有：負(fu)責(ze)(ze)編(bian)制全縣(xian)公路(lu)(lu)發展(zhan)規(gui)劃(hua)和年(nian)度發展(zhan)計劃(hua)并組織實施;負(fu)責(ze)(ze)全縣(xian)公路(lu)(lu)、水路(lu)(lu)基礎設(she)(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)(she)、管(guan)理(li)和維護;負(fu)責(ze)(ze)公路(lu)(lu)、水路(lu)(lu)基礎建設(she)(she)(she)市場的管(guan)理(li);監督組織實施重點公路(lu)(lu)、水路(lu)(lu)建設(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)、負(fu)責(ze)(ze)公路(lu)(lu)、水路(lu)(lu)交(jiao)(jiao)通質量、計量、環保、價格的管(guan)理(li)工作。負(fu)責(ze)(ze)公路(lu)(lu)建設(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)的立項(xiang)、報批、技術標準、技術規(gui)范(fan)、工程質量的審(shen)查管(guan)理(li)和監督，組織對工程建設(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)的竣(jun)工驗(yan)收(shou)和審(shen)定工程決算、負(fu)責(ze)(ze)交(jiao)(jiao)通戰備工作、承辦縣(xian)政府交(jiao)(jiao)辦的其(qi)他(ta)事項(xiang)。
二.本次實習地點
108國道(dao)(或“國道(dao)108線”、“g108線”)是在(zai)中國的一條(tiao)國道(dao)，起點為(wei)北(bei)京，終(zhong)點為(wei)云南昆明(ming)，全(quan)程(cheng)3356千(qian)米(mi)。這條(tiao)國道(dao)經過北(bei)京、河北(bei)、山(shan)西、陜西、四川、和(he)云南6個省市。
我本(ben)次(ci)實習地(di)(di)點為108國道陜西的勉縣至寧強段(duan)，該(gai)(gai)段(duan)經過的車(che)輛多為跨省(sheng)的長途貨運(yun)汽車(che)，該(gai)(gai)地(di)(di)為川、陜、甘三省(sheng)所(suo)處的交通要(yao)道。由于(yu)該(gai)(gai)路(lu)已經運(yun)行(xing)了十余年，路(lu)面(mian)受損嚴(yan)重，嚴(yan)重威脅(xie)車(che)輛及行(xing)人的安全。政(zheng)府決定持(chi)資修補和(he)改(gai)建受損路(lu)面(mian)。
陜西段108國道路(lu)改建和修補工(gong)(gong)程于2006年11月完(wan)工(gong)(gong)，改建后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)仍為二級公路(lu)，設計行車時速80公里/小(xiao)時，設計使用(yong)周(zhou)期20年，路(lu)面(mian)結(jie)構為20cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)泥混凝土路(lu)面(mian)+20cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)泥穩定風化料基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)+20cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)石灰土底(di)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)。盡管(guan)在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中加強(qiang)了質量管(guan)理并改進了施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝，但仍是不斷出現(xian)各種(zhong)類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)裂縫(feng)。這些裂縫(feng)(不包括面(mian)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)干縮(suo)裂縫(feng))多半發生(sheng)在混凝土面(mian)板澆注(zhu)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1～2天內，位(wei)置大(da)多在距縮(suo)縫(feng)1米的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍內，個別(bie)也有在面(mian)板中部開(kai)裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)。縫(feng)寬隨時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)延續，由細發展到寬，細的(de)(de)(de)(de)只有0.1mm，仔細查找才能發現(xian)。縫(feng)深可(ke)貫通板面(mian)，嚴重(zhong)時基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)也會(hui)斷裂。橫(heng)向縫(feng)較縱向縫(feng)居多。
三.水泥混凝土路面裂縫的防治
造(zao)成面板開(kai)裂(lie)(lie)沉降和(he)斷裂(lie)(lie)的(de)因素是很(hen)多的(de)，只要施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)不(bu)謹慎隨(sui)時都(dou)可以出(chu)現面板的(de)各種裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)。當混凝土(tu)面板的(de)抗拉、抗折強度低(di)(di)于混凝土(tu)的(de)收縮(suo)和(he)翹曲(qu)應(ying)力時，裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)就會產(chan)生(sheng)，而隨(sui)著時間(jian)、氣(qi)溫變化、雨水滲入及(ji)行車作用，會最(zui)終導(dao)致全部(bu)路面的(de)破(po)壞(huai)，目(mu)前(qian)尚無(wu)理(li)想的(de)修補方(fang)法。對裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)嚴(yan)(yan)重的(de)面板只有(you)鏟掉(diao)重澆新板，在澆注(zhu)前(qian)應(ying)在相鄰板的(de)接觸面處鉆孔埋設(she)傳力桿。面板裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)輕微且(qie)(qie)不(bu)再發展的(de)，可以采(cai)取修補。修補工(gong)(gong)(gong)作不(bu)但(dan)費工(gong)(gong)(gong)費料，外觀難看，而且(qie)(qie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝繁雜，使用效(xiao)果也不(bu)及(ji)原(yuan)有(you)的(de)整體板。為此，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)要嚴(yan)(yan)格管理(li)，精心組織，最(zui)大限(xian)度地降低(di)(di)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)的(de)產(chan)生(sheng)。
1保證路(lu)基最佳密實(shi)度
路(lu)基(ji)的(de)沉(chen)降(jiang)會(hui)使其(qi)強度(du)減弱，要(yao)使沉(chen)降(jiang)一(yi)點不(bu)(bu)(bu)發生(sheng)也(ye)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可能(neng)的(de)，即(ji)使是(shi)路(lu)基(ji)達到(dao)98%的(de)密實度(du)，那(nei)么還有2%的(de)空隙率(lv)，有空隙就(jiu)會(hui)有沉(chen)降(jiang)。微(wei)量的(de)沉(chen)降(jiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)造成路(lu)基(ji)的(de)破壞。因此，為(wei)保證路(lu)基(ji)足夠的(de)穩定(ding)性，就(jiu)必須把沉(chen)降(jiang)量減小到(dao)最小值，尤其(qi)要(yao)避免發生(sheng)影響嚴重的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)沉(chen)降(jiang)。靠自然沉(chen)落減小沉(chen)降(jiang)的(de)做(zuo)法在高等級公路(lu)施工中是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)合適，尤其(qi)是(shi)工期短的(de)工程，更無可能(neng)。即(ji)使采用(yong)加載預(yu)壓，也(ye)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)經濟的(de)。
路(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)沉降有兩種情況(kuang):一是(shi)地(di)基(ji)(ji)軟弱，未(wei)做(zuo)好(hao)加(jia)固處理(li)，其承載能力(li)低(di)于覆蓋在(zai)它上面(mian)的填土層重力(li)的壓(ya)縮變(bian)形;二是(shi)填土層壓(ya)實不好(hao)，密實度(du)小于設計要求，其強度(du)必然(ran)不足，在(zai)自重和外力(li)作(zuo)用下就(jiu)會發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)形，密實度(du)愈(yu)小其變(bian)形愈(yu)大(da)。為減少因(yin)地(di)基(ji)(ji)沉降而造(zao)成(cheng)的路(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)變(bian)形，在(zai)填筑(zhu)路(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)前，先清除地(di)基(ji)(ji)表面(mian)的農(nong)作(zuo)物、樹(shu)木雜草以及腐殖土，然(ran)后用重型壓(ya)路(lu)(lu)機械多遍碾(nian)壓(ya)，使地(di)基(ji)(ji)壓(ya)實度(du)不小于93%。
該路(lu)(lu)全線(xian)有300米的(de)(de)地(di)(di)基(ji)不良(liang)地(di)(di)段(屬地(di)(di)基(ji)過濕)，承載力不足(zu)1.2kg/cm2，車輛在地(di)(di)基(ji)上無法行走。填(tian)筑路(lu)(lu)基(ji)須先加固地(di)(di)基(ji)，并利(li)用冬春地(di)(di)下水位下降(jiang)的(de)(de)有利(li)條件，深犁(li)地(di)(di)基(ji)土30厘(li)米深，晾(liang)曬，再摻(chan)以8%劑(ji)量的(de)(de)石灰翻拌碾壓至密實。經檢測，地(di)(di)基(ji)壓實度已達90%以上。
為(wei)使路基有良好的密實度(du)和提高(gao)其強度(du),減少路基的塑性變(bian)形和滲透系數,從而增加穩定性,使填土(tu)層(ceng)的沉降量減小(xiao)到(dao)最低限度(du),結合施工單(dan)位的現(xian)有碾壓(ya)(ya)設備(bei),在(zai)填筑(zhu)路基時采(cai)取“分層(ceng)填筑(zhu)”和“薄層(ceng)多壓(ya)(ya)”的做法，每(mei)層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)不超過30cm。曾在(zai)k3+000~k3+100段填筑(zhu)長100米的試驗段，層(ceng)厚(hou)50cm，填土(tu)層(ceng)的土(tu)質為(wei)粘性土(tu)，用18噸(dun)振動(dong)壓(ya)(ya)路機(ji)在(zai)最佳含水量時，碾壓(ya)(ya)五遍(bian)后檢測(ce)(ce)其壓(ya)(ya)實度(du)小(xiao)于(yu)93%(達不到(dao)設計要求)，繼續碾壓(ya)(ya)到(dao)十遍(bian)，再檢測(ce)(ce)其壓(ya)(ya)實度(du)，發(fa)現(xian)無明顯(xian)提高(gao)。
相鄰一段層厚(hou)30cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)填(tian)土(tu)層長(chang)200米，用同(tong)(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘性土(tu)和碾(nian)壓(ya)機械(xie)，當碾(nian)壓(ya)至第四遍后，檢測其壓(ya)實(shi)度(du)(du)已達93%~95%。在(zai)有(you)(you)大噸(dun)位壓(ya)實(shi)機械(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件下(xia)，如(ru)50噸(dun)振動壓(ya)路機，重夯以及強(qiang)夯等，可適當增加每層的(de)(de)(de)(de)填(tian)筑厚(hou)度(du)(du)，具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)層厚(hou)應(ying)根(gen)據不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械(xie)經試驗確定。為保證有(you)(you)均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)(du)，必須(xu)強(qiang)調“分層填(tian)筑”，因不同(tong)(tong)層次有(you)(you)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)實(shi)度(du)(du)要求。
2提高(gao)基層(ceng)的強度與穩定性(xing)
混(hun)(hun)凝土路面(mian)的(de)(de)基層(ceng)必(bi)須(xu)具(ju)有剛(gang)度(du)大、整(zheng)體性強和水(shui)(shui)穩性好(hao)。常用的(de)(de)基層(ceng)結構有石(shi)灰粉煤(mei)灰穩定(ding)(ding)碎(sui)石(shi)、石(shi)灰土、工(gong)業廢(fei)渣類等半剛(gang)性基層(ceng)。石(shi)灰土宜作為(wei)底基層(ceng)，不(bu)宜作為(wei)水(shui)(shui)泥混(hun)(hun)凝土等高級路面(mian)的(de)(de)基層(ceng)。石(shi)灰土的(de)(de)初(chu)期強度(du)和水(shui)(shui)穩性較(jiao)低，同時干縮，冷縮易產生(sheng)裂(lie)縫。從面(mian)層(ceng)縫隙(xi)滲(shen)入的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)會使石(shi)灰土基層(ceng)表面(mian)水(shui)(shui)化，降低強度(du)，同時也易使面(mian)層(ceng)滑動(dong)。該路工(gong)程采用水(shui)(shui)泥穩定(ding)(ding)碎(sui)石(shi)，它(ta)比石(shi)灰穩定(ding)(ding)土好(hao)，因(yin)為(wei)它(ta)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)穩性好(hao)。
該路工程的(de)基(ji)層(ceng)強(qiang)度要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)灑(sa)水(shui)養生7天(tian)，其飽水(shui)無側限抗(kang)壓(ya)強(qiang)度>0.8mpa，28天(tian)應達到(dao)1.2mpa以上。有一合同段試(shi)鋪(pu)的(de)石灰土(tu)底基(ji)層(ceng)，經檢測壓(ya)實度、灰劑(ji)量等(deng)各項指標(biao)都符(fu)合要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，唯做灰土(tu)飽水(shui)試(shi)驗時，當一組試(shi)件(jian)僅在(zai)水(shui)中浸泡1~4小時，所有試(shi)件(jian)都已松散，根本談不上有強(qiang)度。在(zai)這樣的(de)基(ji)層(ceng)上修筑路面(mian)最終造成基(ji)層(ceng)松散/滑動，而(er)使(shi)面(mian)層(ceng)坑槽、龜裂(lie)連片。
基(ji)層(ceng)強(qiang)度(du)的均(jun)勻性及(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)度(du)對混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)質量(liang)影響較大。基(ji)層(ceng)施工時若拌和不勻、不同土(tu)(tu)質混(hun)雜(za)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用，灰和土(tu)(tu)不過篩或粉碎不好而團塊多、平(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)度(du)差，新(xin)老路(lu)基(ji)結合部處理的不好等(deng)等(deng)都會造成基(ji)層(ceng)強(qiang)度(du)的不均(jun)勻、基(ji)層(ceng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)度(du)差，還會使(shi)(shi)(shi)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)厚(hou)度(du)不一以(yi)及(ji)由此(ci)引(yin)起的面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)內應(ying)力(li)不等(deng)和增(zeng)加混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)板(ban)(ban)底的摩阻(zu)力(li)，這在(zai)溫度(du)應(ying)力(li)作用下，易使(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)斷裂。為此(ci)，在(zai)驗(yan)收基(ji)層(ceng)交工時，除按(an)中(zhong)華人民共和國(guo)交通部頒布(bu)的《公路(lu)工程質量(liang)檢驗(yan)評定標準》規定的項目(mu)(mu)外，還應(ying)增(zeng)加檢驗(yan)基(ji)層(ceng)彎沉值、拌和均(jun)勻度(du)、含水量(liang)等(deng)有(you)關項目(mu)(mu)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)層(ceng)能給混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)提供均(jun)勻而穩定的支撐，且(qie)能防止(zhi)唧泥和凍脹(zhang)等(deng)不良影響，保證路(lu)面(mian)(mian)有(you)較好的整(zheng)體(ti)強(qiang)度(du)和平(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)度(du)，達到(dao)延長混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)面(mian)(mian)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)的目(mu)(mu)的。
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