參觀實習(xi)報告優秀范(fan)文

　　我們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業認識(shi)實習已(yi)經結束，由(you)于時間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)限制，我們(men)(men)(men)只參觀了(le)(le)(le)學(xue)校變電(dian)(dian)所(suo)，雖然(ran)時間(jian)(jian)較(jiao)短，但我們(men)(men)(men)也從(cong)中學(xue)到了(le)(le)(le)許多知(zhi)識(shi)。讓(rang)我們(men)(men)(men)在踏出學(xue)校大門(men)之(zhi)前對自己(ji)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業有(you)了(le)(le)(le)更深入的(de)(de)一層了(le)(le)(le)解(jie)(jie)。見習期間(jian)(jian)我們(men)(men)(men)經歷(li)了(le)(le)(le)“電(dian)(dian)力安全素質培(pei)養，聽取有(you)關講解(jie)(jie)。通過學(xue)習，使我們(men)(men)(men)初步了(le)(le)(le)解(jie)(jie)了(le)(le)(le)《電(dian)(dian)力安全工(gong)作規程》，增強了(le)(le)(le)我們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力生(sheng)產安全意識(shi);建立了(le)(le)(le)對電(dian)(dian)力系統運行(xing)和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)產品(pin)生(sheng)產工(gong)藝和(he)主要設備(bei)的(de)(de)感性(xing)認識(shi);對自己(ji)所(suo)學(xue)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業有(you)更深的(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)解(jie)(jie)，為(wei)(wei)以后的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業學(xue)習和(he)走(zou)上工(gong)作崗位打下初步基礎。為(wei)(wei)以后自己(ji)要從(cong)事(shi)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業方(fang)向有(you)了(le)(le)(le)個大致(zhi)的(de)(de)航(hang)向，以后要努力學(xue)好專(zhuan)業知(zhi)識(shi)，積累扎實的(de)(de)理論(lun)知(zhi)識(shi)為(wei)(wei)以后的(de)(de)工(gong)作做好準備(bei)。

　　一、實習目的

　　本(ben)次實(shi)習提(ti)(ti)供了一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)理論(lun)聯系(xi)(xi)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)，我(wo)(wo)們(men)親身到(dao)海(hai)南大學(xue)變(bian)電站(zhan)參(can)觀實(shi)習，使(shi)我(wo)(wo)們(men)深入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了解(jie)變(bian)電站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常運行狀況和各種電氣設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，使(shi)我(wo)(wo)們(men)拓寬視(shi)野(ye)，鞏固和運用所(suo)學(xue)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理論(lun)知識，培養分析(xi)問(wen)題(ti)、解(jie)決問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)能(neng)(neng)力(li)和創新精(jing)神;為我(wo)(wo)們(men)在專(zhuan)業(ye)知識的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)習提(ti)(ti)供了一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)理論(lun)聯系(xi)(xi)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)，使(shi)我(wo)(wo)們(men)能(neng)(neng)夠更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理解(jie)老師(shi)在課堂上(shang)傳授的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知識，激發我(wo)(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)習熱情，提(ti)(ti)高我(wo)(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)習的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興趣，讓學(xue)習理論(lun)知識不再(zai)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)枯燥無味的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)。更(geng)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)提(ti)(ti)供給我(wo)(wo)們(men)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)熟悉變(bian)電站(zhan)工作(zuo)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)，使(shi)我(wo)(wo)們(men)在畢業(ye)后(hou)能(neng)(neng)夠更(geng)快更(geng)好(hao)地適應工作(zuo)環(huan)境。同時(shi)，運用所(suo)學(xue)知識，學(xue)會(hui)(hui)對生(sheng)產實(shi)際(ji)(ji)中存(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)作(zuo)出一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析(xi)，進一(yi)(yi)步提(ti)(ti)高分析(xi)問(wen)題(ti)和解(jie)決問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。

　　二、實習內容

　　2.1實習形式

　　實地參(can)觀海南大學變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的主(zhu)(zhu)接線(xian)、主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)（包(bao)括主(zhu)(zhu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器、主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)一次設(she)備(bei)、二次設(she)備(bei)、進出線(xian)情(qing)況等(deng)）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)布置方(fang)式、變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)運行控(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)式、變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的通訊方(fang)式、變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的避(bi)雷措施(shi)、變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣參(can)數測(ce)量等(deng)，參(can)觀考(kao)察(cha)過程中要(yao)(yao)求作好筆記。

　　2.2實(shi)習(xi)前準(zhun)備(bei)

　　1）什么是變電站(zhan)、變電所(suo)?可以分哪幾(ji)類(lei)?

　　變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)主要(yao)分為：升(sheng)壓(ya)變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，主網變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，二次變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。

　　2）輸電電壓等級如何(he)?

　　電(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)中輸電(dian)(dian)線路通常(chang)指的(de)是高壓(ya)輸電(dian)(dian)線路，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級(ji)指額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級(ji)，有(you)3kv、6kv、10kv、35kv、60kv、110kv、220kv、330kv、500kv、750kv。

　　3）什(shen)么是電氣主接線?有(you)哪些分(fen)類?請作圖說明(ming)。

　　電氣(qi)主(zhu)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)是根據(ju)電能輸送(song)和分配的(de)要求，表示(shi)主(zhu)要電氣(qi)設備相互之(zhi)間的(de)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)關(guan)系，以(yi)及本(ben)變電站（或(huo)發電廠(chang)）與電力系統的(de)電氣(qi)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)關(guan)系，通常(chang)以(yi)單線(xian)(xian)圖(tu)表示(shi)。電氣(qi)主(zhu)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)中有時還包括(kuo)發電廠(chang)或(huo)變電站的(de)自用電部分，常(chang)稱作(zuo)自用電接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)，又稱電氣(qi)一次接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)圖(tu)。

　　電氣主接線的基本形式(shi)包括(kuo)(kuo)：有母(mu)線接線和(he)無母(mu)線接線兩大類：有母(mu)線接線包括(kuo)(kuo)：

　　1、單(dan)母(mu)線接線（含單(dan)母(mu)線刀閘分段(duan)、單(dan)母(mu)線開關分段(duan)、單(dan)母(mu)線帶旁路等）;

　　2、雙母線(xian)(xian)(xian)接線(xian)(xian)(xian)（含雙母線(xian)(xian)(xian)刀閘分(fen)段、雙母線(xian)(xian)(xian)開關(guan)分(fen)段、雙母線(xian)(xian)(xian)帶旁(pang)路等）;

　　3、3/2臺斷(duan)路器(qi)接線

　　4、4/3臺斷(duan)路(lu)器接線(xian)

　　5、變壓(ya)器母線(xian)組(zu)接線(xian)

　　無母線(xian)接線(xian)包括：

　　1、線(xian)路(lu)變(bian)壓器組(zu)接線(xian);

　　2、橋型接線（內橋、外橋、全橋等）

　　3、角形接線等

　　變電站里的(de)主(zhu)要電氣一次設(she)備(bei)有哪(na)些?型號規格(ge)?它(ta)們各(ge)自起什么(me)作用(yong)?（參(can)觀后需針對實際情(qing)況(kuang)再敘述）{母線、變壓器、斷路器、隔(ge)離開關、電壓互感器、電流互感器、避雷器、并(bing)聯(lian)電抗器和串聯(lian)電容器}

　　變電(dian)(dian)站里(li)的主(zhu)要電(dian)(dian)氣一次設備有(you)：母線、變壓器(qi)、斷路器(qi)、隔離開關、電(dian)(dian)壓互感器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)流互感器(qi)、避雷器(qi)、并聯電(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)和串聯電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)。

　　變壓器的(de)作用是實(shi)現電(dian)能轉換，它可以把一(yi)種電(dian)壓、電(dian)流的(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)能轉換成相同頻率的(de)另一(yi)種電(dian)壓、電(dian)流的(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)能。

　　規格按電壓(ya)來說(shuo)分36伏,110伏,0.4千(qian)伏,10千(qian)伏,22千(qian)伏,6千(qian)伏,35千(qian)伏,110千(qian)伏,220千(qian)伏,350千(qian)伏,200千(qian)伏,500千(qian)伏,250千(qian)伏,600千(qian)伏。容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的話(hua)國家標(biao)準容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)為：30，50，63，80，100，125，160，200，250，315，400，500，630，800，1000，1250，1600，2000

　　2.3電氣安全知識

　　電氣(qi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)主要包括人身安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)與設(she)(she)備(bei)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)兩具方面。人身安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)是(shi)指(zhi)在(zai)從事工作(zuo)和電氣(qi)設(she)(she)備(bei)操作(zuo)使(shi)用(yong)過(guo)程中人員的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan);設(she)(she)備(bei)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)是(shi)指(zhi)電氣(qi)設(she)(she)備(bei)及有(you)關其(qi)他設(she)(she)備(bei)、建筑的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)。

　　電(dian)氣事故(gu)往往不是音單一(yi)原因引(yin)起的(de)，為了搞好電(dian)氣安(an)全工作(zuo)，必須采取(qu)包括(kuo)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和組(zu)織(zhi)管理(li)等(deng)多方(fang)面的(de)措施。隨著科技(ji)進步，各(ge)國都在積極研究并不斷推出(chu)先(xian)進的(de)電(dian)氣安(an)全技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，完善和修訂(ding)電(dian)氣安(an)全技(ji)術(shu)(shu)標準和規程(cheng)，這(zhe)對于保(bao)(bao)護勞動者的(de)安(an)全與(yu)健(jian)康，保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)氣設備的(de)安(an)全都是十分重要的(de)。

　　安(an)(an)全(quan)電(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)為了防止觸電(dian)(dian)事(shi)故而采用的(de)(de)由(you)特定電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓系(xi)(xi)列。其供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)求實(shi)行(xing)輸出(chu)與輸入電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)隔離(li)(li)，與其他電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)隔離(li)(li)。當電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)備采用24伏以(yi)上安(an)(an)全(quan)

　　電壓(ya)時，必須(xu)采取防(fang)止直接接觸帶電體(ti)的(de)。其電路必須(xu)與大地絕緣。安全(quan)電壓(ya)是以(yi)人體(ti)允許電流與人體(ti)電阻的(de)乘積為依據而(er)確(que)定(ding)。

　　安全電(dian)(dian)(dian)流又稱安全流量或允(yun)許(xu)持(chi)續電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。為(wei)了保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣線(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)安全運行，所有線(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)截面都必須滿(man)足發熱條(tiao)件，即在任何環境溫度(du)下，當導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜連續通過最大負載(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流時，其(qi)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)溫度(du)都不大于最高(gao)允(yun)許(xu)溫度(du)（通常為(wei)70℃左右），這時的(de)(de)負載(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流稱為(wei)安全電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)安全電(dian)(dian)(dian)流是由它(ta)們的(de)(de)種類(lei)、規(gui)格、環境溫度(du)和(he)敷設方式等決定的(de)(de)，有專(zhuan)門表格可查考。

　　凡參(can)加實習(xi)的學生應(ying)嚴(yan)格遵守實習(xi)紀律及(ji)實習(xi)單位的保(bao)(bao)衛、安全操作規程(cheng)、保(bao)(bao)密制度。特(te)別要注意(yi)安全，杜絕各類不安全事故(gu)的發生。

　　（2）實習(xi)(xi)學生應(ying)注意著裝要(yao)求(qiu)，禁止穿(chuan)拖(tuo)鞋與高(gao)跟鞋進入實習(xi)(xi)場地(di)。其它具體要(yao)求(qiu)根據特(te)定(ding)的(de)實習(xi)(xi)環境(jing)和(he)實習(xi)(xi)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，由(you)實習(xi)(xi)指導教師(shi)作出相應(ying)的(de)規定(ding)。

　　（3）學(xue)生(sheng)在實習期間(jian)，應嚴(yan)格(ge)遵守各(ge)種(zhong)儀器設(she)備操作規(gui)程，未經(jing)指(zhi)導教(jiao)師允許嚴(yan)禁亂(luan)觸(chu)亂(luan)摸各(ge)類設(she)備及動力(li)、電力(li)開關、按鈕，以免造成事故。

　　（4）未經允許不要(yao)隨(sui)便進入工地(di)(di)現場(chang)(chang)或(huo)到危險的地(di)(di)方(fang)去。進入現場(chang)(chang)時要(yao)觀察上(shang)下四周，注(zhu)意安全，嚴禁追逐打鬧。

　　（5）學(xue)生在實習(xi)期間，嚴禁參加與(yu)學(xue)生身份不相(xiang)稱的活動。虛(xu)心學(xue)習(xi)，勤于動腦，積極(ji)提(ti)問，認真記錄，及(ji)時整理。

　　（6）要統一行動(dong)，聽從(cong)指(zhi)揮，同學之間(jian)，師生之間(jian)要相互關心，互相幫助。

　　2.4變(bian)電站概況

　　海(hai)大變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)是(shi)將10kv電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級的電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)成400v的配電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)采用自動(dong)化的裝(zhuang)置控制設備(bei)(bei)。變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)是(shi)實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級變(bian)(bian)換(huan)的場所(suo)，它是(shi)把(ba)一些設備(bei)(bei)組裝(zhuang)起來，用以切(qie)斷或接通、改變(bian)(bian)或者調整電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統中，變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)是(shi)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和配電(dian)(dian)(dian)的集結點(dian)。變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的主要設備(bei)(bei)是(shi)開關和變(bian)(bian)壓器。按規(gui)模大小不同，稱為變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)室等。

　　2.5實習見解

　　變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)裝有(you)避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)，避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)的(de)(de)作用是預防線路(lu)網遭(zao)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)擊產生(sheng)強大(da)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)沿線路(lu)波及變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)安(an)(an)全，避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)一般安(an)(an)裝在變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)接線端子(zi)附近。盡管(guan)線路(lu)網某(mou)一處遭(zao)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)擊產生(sheng)強大(da)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)沿線路(lu)傳(chuan)送到變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)前端時(shi)，避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)迅速將過(guo)高(gao)的(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)流泄(xie)放入(ru)大(da)地(di)，從而保護變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)不遭(zao)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)襲擊。

　　變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站中，只有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是(shi)通(tong)過設備測(ce)量出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)，其他(ta)參數都(dou)是(shi)通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，阻抗(kang)等參數算出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)互感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)作用是(shi)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)數值，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)作用是(shi)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)數值。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)互感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)構造和(he)工(gong)作原理(li)與普通(tong)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)相同，它也(ye)是(shi)由鐵芯、一次繞(rao)組(zu)、二(er)次繞(rao)組(zu)、接線端(duan)子及盡緣支持(chi)物等組(zu)成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)互感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)一次繞(rao)組(zu)接于系統的(de)(de)(de)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)或相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)其盡緣應隨實際系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)高低(di)而定(ding)。一次繞(rao)組(zu)具有較多的(de)(de)(de)匝數，二(er)次繞(rao)組(zu)匝數很少供給(gei)儀表或繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)線圈。

　　斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用是當(dang)(dang)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)發生短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)或過(guo)流故障(zhang)(zhang)時能迅(xun)速切斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，防止故障(zhang)(zhang)擴(kuo)大(da)，同時也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)作(zuo)為一般(ban)開(kai)關使用，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)分配和(he)(he)控(kong)制。高(gao)壓斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)（或稱高(gao)壓開(kai)關）是發電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠、變電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)主要(yao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)控(kong)制設備,具有滅(mie)弧特性(xing),當(dang)(dang)系(xi)(xi)統正常運行時,它(ta)能切斷(duan)(duan)和(he)(he)接通線路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備的(de)(de)空載和(he)(he)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)流;當(dang)(dang)系(xi)(xi)統發生故障(zhang)(zhang)時,它(ta)和(he)(he)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護配合,能迅(xun)速切斷(duan)(duan)故障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流,以(yi)(yi)防止擴(kuo)大(da)事(shi)故范圍(wei)。因此,高(gao)壓斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)好(hao)壞,直接影響到電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)安(an)全運行;高(gao)壓斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)種類很多，按(an)其滅(mie)弧的(de)(de)不同，可(ke)(ke)分為：油(you)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)（多油(you)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)、少油(you)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)）、六氟(fu)化硫斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)（sf6斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)）、真空斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)、壓縮空氣斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)。

　　隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li)開(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)作用(yong)是(shi)用(yong)來隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，保(bao)證安(an)全檢修(xiu)，并能(neng)(neng)夠通斷一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li)開(kai)關(guan)隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li)開(kai)關(guan)是(shi)高(gao)壓(ya)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)中使用(yong)最多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，顧名(ming)思義，是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中起隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li)作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)它本身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作原理及結(jie)構比(bi)較(jiao)簡單，但是(shi)由(you)于使用(yong)量大(da)，工(gong)作可(ke)(ke)靠性要(yao)求高(gao)，對變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計、建(jian)立和(he)安(an)全運行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響均(jun)較(jiao)大(da)。刀閘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)特點是(shi)無滅(mie)弧能(neng)(neng)力，只能(neng)(neng)在(zai)沒有負荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下分(fen)、合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)并聯起無功補償的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力網(wang)中所(suo)采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)，實質(zhi)上是(shi)一(yi)個無導磁材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)心線圈。它可(ke)(ke)以根據(ju)需要(yao)布置為垂直、水平和(he)品字形三種裝配形式。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統發生短(duan)路時(shi)，會(hui)產生數值(zhi)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。如果(guo)不加以限(xian)制，要(yao)保(bao)持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動態(tai)穩定和(he)熱穩定是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此，為了滿足某(mou)些斷路器(qi)(qi)遮斷容量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，常(chang)在(zai)出線斷路器(qi)(qi)處串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)，增(zeng)大(da)短(duan)路阻(zu)抗，限(xian)制短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

　　三、實習總結與心得體會

　　通過這次參(can)觀實(shi)習，開拓我(wo)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)視野，使我(wo)們(men)(men)更加深入的(de)(de)了解了電(dian)力系統運行(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)配電(dian)這個環(huan)節。在參(can)觀的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，我(wo)們(men)(men)可以從帶領我(wo)們(men)(men)一起(qi)參(can)觀的(de)(de)工作(zuo)技術人員中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)了解到(dao)變電(dian)站中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各個設備(bei)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)原理及(ji)其工作(zuo)運行(xing)的(de)(de)實(shi)際狀況，以及(ji)在高壓(ya)工作(zuo)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，安(an)全的(de)(de)重要性，因(yin)此，作(zuo)為電(dian)氣工程專業(ye)的(de)(de)學生(sheng)，我(wo)們(men)(men)應該從現在開始養成這樣的(de)(de)安(an)全意識。

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