促(cu)進農業科(ke)技改革的途(tu)徑選擇論(lun)文(wen)

　　隨著(zhu)工業化、城鎮(zhen)化的(de)加快推進,耕(geng)地(di)減少(shao)、農(nong)業用水緊缺問題(ti)(ti)(ti)會更加突(tu)出(chu),水土(tu)流失、草原退化等(deng)(deng)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)根(gen)本(ben)解(jie)決需要相當(dang)長(chang)過程,農(nong)業發展的(de)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)要素剛性約束(shu)將(jiang)(jiang)長(chang)期(qi)存(cun)在(zai)并日益增(zeng)強(qiang),依靠大(da)量消(xiao)耗資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)傳統(tong)生產方式推進現代農(nong)業已難以為繼。特別(bie)是人(ren)口增(zeng)加和(he)(he)耕(geng)地(di)減少(shao)的(de)矛盾將(jiang)(jiang)長(chang)期(qi)存(cun)在(zai),農(nong)產品消(xiao)費增(zeng)加的(de)趨勢將(jiang)(jiang)長(chang)期(qi)存(cun)在(zai),糧食和(he)(he)主要農(nong)產品供求(qiu)處于緊平(ping)衡狀態(tai)的(de)壓力(li)(li)也(ye)將(jiang)(jiang)長(chang)期(qi)存(cun)在(zai)。解(jie)決13億人(ren)口吃飯問題(ti)(ti)(ti)始終是治國安邦的(de)頭(tou)等(deng)(deng)大(da)事(shi)。與此同時(shi),隨著(zhu)農(nong)村勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)(li)不(bu)斷(duan)轉移(yi),農(nong)業勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)(li)成(cheng)本(ben)迅速(su)上(shang)漲,依靠大(da)量低成(cheng)本(ben)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)(li)支撐現代農(nong)業發展的(de)空間逐漸(jian)減少(shao)。為此,迫切需要加快農(nong)業科技創新,不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)土(tu)地(di)產出(chu)率、資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)利用率和(he)(he)勞(lao)動(dong)生產率、不(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)強(qiang)農(nong)業綜合生產能力(li)(li),防災減災能力(li)(li)和(he)(he)可持續發展能力(li)(li),突(tu)破(po)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)環境(jing)的(de)約束(shu)。

　　1圍繞突破生態環境壓力瓶頸,推進農業科技創新

　　目前我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生態環境(jing)(jing)十分脆弱。國(guo)(guo)家(jia)環保(bao)總局2006年公布的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)顯示,全國(guo)(guo)受(shou)污染的(de)(de)(de)(de)耕(geng)地(di)(di)面積約占(zhan)(zhan)耕(geng)地(di)(di)總面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/10以上。2010年完成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)次全國(guo)(guo)污染普查結果(guo)顯示,我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)污染排放已(yi)占(zhan)(zhan)到全國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“半(ban)壁江山”,農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)排放的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學需氧量占(zhan)(zhan)全國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)43%,總氮量占(zhan)(zhan)全國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)57%,總磷量占(zhan)(zhan)全國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)67%,長江、黃河等(deng)七大水(shui)系(xi)和許多(duo)江河湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)、水(shui)庫均受(shou)到不同(tong)程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)污染[1]。在廣大農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun),環境(jing)(jing)污染所帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果(guo)是(shi)非常嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)方面,固體(ti)廢(fei)物垃圾(ji)愈積愈多(duo),侵占(zhan)(zhan)了大量土地(di)(di);另一(yi)方面,固體(ti)廢(fei)物以及滲(shen)出液(ye)會(hui)破壞地(di)(di)表(biao)植(zhi)被,影響土壤生態平衡,降低土壤活(huo)力(li),如果(guo)進(jin)入河流湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)、滲(shen)入地(di)(di)下,會(hui)損害水(shui)體(ti)環境(jing)(jing),危害人的(de)(de)(de)(de)健康。實踐證明,現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展,依靠(kao)持(chi)(chi)續(xu)消耗水(shui)土資(zi)(zi)源已(yi)沒有余地(di)(di),再依靠(kao)持(chi)(chi)續(xu)增加化(hua)肥(fei)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使用更難以為繼(ji)。迫切需要農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技(ji)創新,大力(li)發展節(jie)約型(xing)、循環型(xing)、生態型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術,同(tong)步推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)方式轉變和可持(chi)(chi)續(xu)發展。只有依靠(kao)科技(ji)進(jin)步,依靠(kao)生態文明建設(she),才能引領現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展。

　　2強化實施三大根本性戰略,推進農業科技創新

　　創新是(shi)(shi)源頭,應用(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)目的,制(zhi)度(du)是(shi)(shi)保障,人才(cai)是(shi)(shi)關鍵。推進農(nong)業科(ke)(ke)技創新,必(bi)須突出強化實施(shi)科(ke)(ke)技體(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi)創新、成果轉化應用(yong)(yong)和科(ke)(ke)技人才(cai)培養三大戰略(lve)。

　　2.1強化實施體制機制創新戰略,加快農業科技改革步伐

　　順暢的(de)(de).農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)推廣管(guan)理(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi),是(shi)加快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)保障。因(yin)此,要(yao)不(bu)(bu)斷優(you)化科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)環(huan)境,不(bu)(bu)斷創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)進(jin)步(bu)的(de)(de)運(yun)行機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi),合(he)理(li)(li)配置農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)資源,著(zhu)力(li)(li)突(tu)(tu)(tu)破農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術瓶頸,在(zai)(zai)良種(zhong)培育、節本(ben)降耗(hao)、節水灌溉、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝備、新(xin)(xin)(xin)型肥藥、疫(yi)病(bing)防控(kong)、加工(gong)(gong)儲運(yun)、循(xun)環(huan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、海洋農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)民(min)(min)生等方(fang)面取得(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)批重(zhong)大實(shi)(shi)(shi)用科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)。①加快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)優(you)先突(tu)(tu)(tu)出種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)。種(zhong)子是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)載體(ti)(ti)(ti),種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)(li)決定(ding)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)(li)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)國(guo)際競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)的(de)(de)核心和焦點(dian)(dian)是(shi)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)。只(zhi)有(you)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)原始創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)、自(zi)主(zhu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)力(li)(li),培養(yang)一(yi)(yi)批以(yi)高產(chan)、優(you)質、多抗、專用為導向(xiang)的(de)(de)、具有(you)重(zhong)大應用價值的(de)(de)突(tu)(tu)(tu)破性(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)新(xin)(xin)(xin)品種(zhong),才能(neng)在(zai)(zai)發展(zhan)上贏得(de)(de)主(zhu)動(dong),躋身于(yu)世界農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)之(zhi)列。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)尤其是(shi)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)既要(yao)仰望星空,又要(yao)腳(jiao)踏實(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di),做到“頂(ding)天立(li)(li)地(di)(di)(di)”。“頂(ding)天”,就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)著(zhu)眼長遠(yuan),超(chao)前部署(shu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)前沿(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術和基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)研(yan)究。“立(li)(li)地(di)(di)(di)”,就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)堅持產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)求導向(xiang),從(cong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際需(xu)要(yao)出發,力(li)(li)爭(zheng)把“論(lun)文寫在(zai)(zai)大地(di)(di)(di)上、成(cheng)果(guo)留在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)”。只(zhi)有(you)這樣,才能(neng)將農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)動(dong)權和產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)安(an)全,牢牢掌握在(zai)(zai)自(zi)己手中。②深化鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)改革創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin),建立(li)(li)健全基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)。鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)是(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)興(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戰略、防控(kong)動(dong)植物(wu)疫(yi)病(bing)、保障農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品質量安(an)全的(de)(de)前沿(yan)(yan)陣地(di)(di)(di)和“神經(jing)末梢”,是(shi)發展(zhan)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)依靠力(li)(li)量。要(yao)按照強(qiang)(qiang)化基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益性(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)推廣服(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)要(yao)求,加快(kuai)健全基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou),明(ming)(ming)確(que)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)性(xing)(xing)、基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)性(xing)(xing)、社會性(xing)(xing)定(ding)位,細化公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益性(xing)(xing)職(zhi)能(neng)并落實(shi)(shi)(shi)到每個工(gong)(gong)作機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)和每位農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員身上,確(que)保各種(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)職(zhi)能(neng)有(you)效履行,進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)完善鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)。加快(kuai)三權歸縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)改革步(bu)伐(fa),將縣(xian)(xian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)兩級農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)推廣機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)人(ren)事(shi)、勞資、財(cai)產(chan)權全部收到縣(xian)(xian)里(li),由縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)局(ju)統一(yi)(yi)管(guan)理(li)(li),實(shi)(shi)(shi)現管(guan)人(ren)與管(guan)事(shi)的(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)統一(yi)(yi),發揮縣(xian)(xian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)推廣服(fu)務(wu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)功(gong)能(neng),做到服(fu)務(wu)在(zai)(zai)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、管(guan)理(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)縣(xian)(xian),抓(zhua)綱帶目、綱舉目張。徹底(di)改變(bian)過去鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)管(guan)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)管(guan)事(shi)、縣(xian)(xian)局(ju)管(guan)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)管(guan)人(ren)的(de)(de)交叉局(ju)面。③要(yao)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)明(ming)(ming)確(que)中央(yang)、地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)各級財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)投(tou)入(ru)的(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)地(di)(di)(di)位,建立(li)(li)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)投(tou)入(ru)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)GDP、政(zheng)(zheng)府科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)投(tou)入(ru)、政(zheng)(zheng)府的(de)(de)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)收入(ru)掛鉤聯動(dong)的(de)(de)長效機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。保證農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)投(tou)入(ru)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)高于(yu)全社會科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)投(tou)入(ru)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)投(tou)入(ru)增(zeng)長速度(du)(du)(du)高于(yu)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)投(tou)入(ru)和國(guo)家(jia)(jia)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)收入(ru)增(zeng)長速度(du)(du)(du)。明(ming)(ming)確(que)政(zheng)(zheng)府在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)中發揮主(zhu)導作用,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)投(tou)入(ru)中承擔主(zhu)要(yao)責任,并引導和鼓勵金融機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)社會資金投(tou)入(ru)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。要(yao)優(you)化農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)投(tou)入(ru)結構(gou)(gou),財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)投(tou)入(ru)要(yao)突(tu)(tu)(tu)出保基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)、保基(ji)(ji)本(ben)、保基(ji)(ji)層(ceng),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)推廣支(zhi)出重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)向(xiang)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)推廣服(fu)務(wu)傾斜,保障其既能(neng)“養(yang)兵(bing)”、又能(neng)“打仗”[2]。

　　2.2實施服務體系構建戰略,加大科技成果推廣應用力度

　　要普遍健全(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮或區域性(xing)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)務機(ji)構(gou),進一(yi)步完(wan)(wan)善鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)務機(ji)構(gou)管(guan)理(li)機(ji)制。同(tong)(tong)時(shi),積極引導(dao)高(gao)等(deng)學校、科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研院(yuan)所(suo)、農(nong)(nong)民專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社、供(gong)銷合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社、涉農(nong)(nong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)各(ge)種社會(hui)力(li)量參與農(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)推廣(guang)服(fu)務,形成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)主(zhu)多元、有(you)機(ji)結合(he)(he)、互(hu)為(wei)(wei)補(bu)充的多元化、多主(zhu)體(ti)、多層次(ci)的農(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)推廣(guang)服(fu)務體(ti)系。要完(wan)(wan)善“專(zhuan)家—農(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)—科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)戶(hu)(hu)”的成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)(guo)轉化快(kuai)速通道(dao),使所(suo)有(you)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)力(li)量都圍繞(rao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)求協同(tong)(tong)工作(zuo)(zuo),使各(ge)類農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)(guo)都能從實(shi)(shi)驗室到田間順利傳(chuan)導(dao),形成(cheng)(cheng)需(xu)求與科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研互(hu)為(wei)(wei)因果(guo)(guo)的良(liang)性(xing)循環。要鼓(gu)勵創辦(ban)領辦(ban)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)組織。在政府優(you)惠(hui)政策引導(dao)下(xia),科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)要帶(dai)著(zhu)(zhu)責任(ren)、帶(dai)著(zhu)(zhu)使命、帶(dai)著(zhu)(zhu)情感、帶(dai)著(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)(guo)下(xia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),既可以解決農(nong)(nong)村(cun)一(yi)線科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)“短板”問題(ti),又可以實(shi)(shi)現農(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)收、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)效(xiao)等(deng)多方共(gong)(gong)贏。適(shi)應生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環節、農(nong)(nong)時(shi)季節、重點區域和重點品種的需(xu)求,依托農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗示(shi)范(fan)(fan)基地(di)(di)(di)、園藝產(chan)(chan)品標(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)基地(di)(di)(di)、畜(chu)禽水產(chan)(chan)規模化養殖示(shi)范(fan)(fan)基地(di)(di)(di)等(deng),組織發動廣(guang)大科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)下(xia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、進村(cun)、到場(chang)、入(ru)戶(hu)(hu),深入(ru)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)第一(yi)線,手(shou)把手(shou)、面(mian)對面(mian)、實(shi)(shi)打實(shi)(shi)、心(xin)貼心(xin)地(di)(di)(di)開展科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)服(fu)務,及時(shi)解決農(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術難題(ti),及時(shi)為(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)民提(ti)供(gong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品市場(chang)信(xin)息,有(you)針(zhen)對性(xing)地(di)(di)(di)開展技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術服(fu)務,提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)(guo)的入(ru)戶(hu)(hu)率和到位率。同(tong)(tong)時(shi),依托種養大戶(hu)(hu)、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社培育試(shi)驗示(shi)范(fan)(fan)基地(di)(di)(di),展示(shi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)集成(cheng)(cheng)、熟化成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)(guo),讓農(nong)(nong)民看得真真切切,學的明明白白。科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)戶(hu)(hu)則成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)民看得見(jian)、問的著(zhu)(zhu)、留(liu)得住的“鄉(xiang)(xiang)土專(zhuan)家”。

　　2.3實施人才隊伍打造戰略,增強農業科技創新的后勁

　　人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是(shi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創新的(de)(de)(de)(de)決定性因(yin)素,是(shi)關(guan)系(xi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)長(chang)(chang)遠(yuan)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)百年(nian)大計(ji)(ji)。圍繞科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)、推廣和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)三支隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)建設(she),統籌(chou)開展(zhan)工(gong)作(zuo)。遵(zun)循人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)成長(chang)(chang)規(gui)律,以培養(yang)急需(xu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為重點(dian)(dian),以人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)資(zi)源能(neng)力建設(she)為核心,以創新體(ti)制機(ji)制和(he)(he)完(wan)善體(ti)系(xi)為保障,緊(jin)緊(jin)抓(zhua)住培養(yang)和(he)(he)使用(yong)(yong)兩個(ge)關(guan)鍵環(huan)節。①抓(zhua)好農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)優秀人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)培養(yang),充分(fen)發揮(hui)重大農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)項目(mu)、重點(dian)(dian)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)和(he)(he)重點(dian)(dian)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)基地凝聚人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、發現(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、培養(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),積極培養(yang)和(he)(he)引(yin)進科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)領軍人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)和(he)(he)創新團隊(dui)(dui)。探索建立有(you)利于中青(qing)年(nian)專(zhuan)家快(kuai)速成長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)、評價、激勵(li)機(ji)制,逐步形成以科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)優秀人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)優秀創新團隊(dui)(dui)。②抓(zhua)好農(nong)村(cun)推廣人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)建設(she)。選(xuan)送基層(ceng)農(nong)技(ji)(ji)骨干到大專(zhuan)院校、科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)院所(suo)深造(zao),強化基層(ceng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)知識更新和(he)(he)素質提升。實(shi)(shi)(shi)施基層(ceng)農(nong)技(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)定向培養(yang)計(ji)(ji)劃和(he)(he)特崗(gang)計(ji)(ji)劃,重點(dian)(dian)培訓種養(yang)能(neng)手、農(nong)機(ji)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)手和(he)(he)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合作(zuo)組織領辦能(neng)手等農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)經(jing)(jing)濟發展(zhan)急需(xu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。引(yin)導和(he)(he)鼓勵(li)高(gao)校涉農(nong)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生到縣(xian)鄉農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)共服務機(ji)構(gou)工(gong)作(zuo),使基層(ceng)農(nong)技(ji)(ji)推廣“后(hou)繼有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”,充滿活力,打(da)造(zao)一(yi)支農(nong)民(min)(min)信得(de)過、靠得(de)住、用(yong)(yong)得(de)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“正規(gui)軍”。③抓(zhua)好農(nong)村(cun)實(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)建設(she)。依托(tuo)各類農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)職業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)校、農(nong)民(min)(min)教育培訓機(ji)構(gou)、推廣機(ji)構(gou)與涉農(nong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),緊(jin)扣生產(chan)周期和(he)(he)農(nong)時季(ji)節,多類型(xing)、多層(ceng)次、多領域、大規(gui)模地開展(zhan)農(nong)村(cun)實(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)培訓,加快(kuai)培養(yang)具有(you)一(yi)定專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服務人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、農(nong)村(cun)社會管(guan)理人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)生產(chan)經(jing)(jing)營主體(ti)。在這方面,要認真(zhen)借(jie)鑒發達國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)先進經(jing)(jing)驗。例(li)如瑞(rui)士(shi)、德國(guo)等國(guo)家,他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)民(min)(min)叫“農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”,是(shi)經(jing)(jing)過培訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)門從事農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。

　　3搭建三大承接平臺,推進農業科技創新

　　科技在(zai)農業農村(cun)的推廣應用,不是孤(gu)立的,需要搭建承接(jie)的平臺(tai),服務的載體(ti),匹配的基礎,才能有效(xiao)推動農業科技創(chuang)新向(xiang)深度(du)和廣度(du)進軍,才能有效(xiao)地(di)克服資源(yuan)與市場的雙(shuang)(shuang)重約束,緩解經濟增長與生(sheng)態保護的雙(shuang)(shuang)重壓力,應對農民(min)增收(shou)與保障供(gong)給的雙(shuang)(shuang)重挑(tiao)戰。

　　3.1營造規模經營平臺,夯實科技成果推廣基礎

　　這(zhe)些年,隨著農(nong)(nong)(nong)村基本(ben)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)制(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)不斷深入,各地(di)出(chu)現了(le)一些不同層(ceng)次的(de)(de)(de)混合(he)(he)型、多(duo)樣化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi),走出(chu)一條兼容性較強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)道路。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying),已經(jing)(jing)成(cheng)為(wei)分散經(jing)(jing)營(ying)的(de)(de)(de)小農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶承接、運(yun)用先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)有效載(zai)體(ti)。要(yao)實(shi)(shi)現農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新成(cheng)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)推廣(guang)應(ying)用,必(bi)須(xu)推動家(jia)庭(ting)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)向(xiang)采用先進(jin)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)和生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)手段的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)轉(zhuan)變,增加(jia)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、資本(ben)等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)投入,著力(li)提(ti)高(gao)集約化(hua)水平。要(yao)按(an)照依法自(zi)愿有償原(yuan)則(ze),建立(li)健全土地(di)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)權流轉(zhuan)市(shi)場(chang),允許(xu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民以(yi)轉(zhuan)包(bao)、出(chu)租、互換、轉(zhuan)讓、股份合(he)(he)作(zuo)等(deng)形(xing)式(shi)(shi),流轉(zhuan)土地(di)承包(bao)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)權,發展(zhan)多(duo)種形(xing)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)適度(du)(du)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying),促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)創(chuang)新,推廣(guang)運(yun)用農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新成(cheng)果(guo)。一是(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)利(li)用股份合(he)(he)作(zuo)制(zhi),發展(zhan)集體(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟,實(shi)(shi)現規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)化(hua)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)。二是(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)合(he)(he)作(zuo)組織引領規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying),按(an)照“民辦、民管、民受益”的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze),將從事同類農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民聯合(he)(he)起(qi)(qi)來,形(xing)成(cheng)“生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)在(zai)家(jia)、服(fu)務在(zai)社(she)”的(de)(de)(de)聯合(he)(he)體(ti)。三是(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)社(she)會化(hua)服(fu)務催生(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying),在(zai)為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶提(ti)供機械化(hua)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、配方(fang)施肥、防(fang)災(zai)防(fang)害、技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)培訓等(deng)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)服(fu)務中(zhong),實(shi)(shi)現成(cheng)方(fang)連片的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)。四是(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)升規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying),企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)用反租倒包(bao)、租賃轉(zhuan)讓、土地(di)入股等(deng)形(xing)式(shi)(shi),建立(li)起(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)。

　　3.2組建農民合作平臺,適應科技轉化需要

　　農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)組(zu)織,是在(zai)(zai)家庭承包經營體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下誕生出(chu)來的(de)(de)新(xin)生事物。從實(shi)(shi)踐看(kan),農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she)(she)有強(qiang)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)生命(ming)力(li),已成(cheng)為創新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科技(ji)、推(tui)(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科技(ji)成(cheng)果轉(zhuan)化的(de)(de)主抓手,建設(she)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)主力(li)軍(jun)(jun)。在(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)展過(guo)程中,不(bu)(bu)斷創新(xin)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),加(jia)(jia)(jia)快推(tui)(tui)廣規(gui)(gui)模(mo)化外延擴張、集約化內涵挖掘、一體(ti)(ti)化縱向延伸、社(she)(she)會化服務驅動、科技(ji)化產(chan)能提升、市場化品牌(pai)經營、企業(ye)(ye)(ye)化兼(jian)并(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)、競合(he)(he)化共(gong)享共(gong)創等八種發(fa)(fa)展模(mo)式,營造(zao)出(chu)富有生機活力(li)的(de)(de)經營機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)組(zu)織充分發(fa)(fa)揮“粘結(jie)劑”的(de)(de)作(zuo)用,把分散(san)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶抱成(cheng)團(tuan),零碎的(de)(de)地塊連(lian)成(cheng)片(pian),有限的(de)(de)資金打成(cheng)捆,不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)技(ji)能拼成(cheng)盤,形成(cheng)遠看(kan)一大(da)(da)片(pian),近看(kan)有界(jie)限的(de)(de)生產(chan)基地。合(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she)(she)已成(cheng)為“農(nong)(nong)(nong)技(ji)下鄉、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)進城”的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)載體(ti)(ti),農(nong)(nong)(nong)村實(shi)(shi)用人才的(de)(de)培養(yang)搖籃,農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)準化生產(chan)的(de)(de)生力(li)軍(jun)(jun)。憑(ping)借著合(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she)(she)的(de)(de)平臺,就能逐步實(shi)(shi)現增產(chan)增效并(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)、良種良法配套、農(nong)(nong)(nong)機農(nong)(nong)(nong)藝結(jie)合(he)(he),生產(chan)生態(tai)協(xie)調,促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術集成(cheng)化、勞動過(guo)程機械化、生產(chan)經營信息化,構建起(qi)適應高產(chan)、優質(zhi)、高效、生態(tai)、安(an)全農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展要(yao)求的(de)(de)技(ji)術體(ti)(ti)系。農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)合(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she)(she)正走(zou)在(zai)(zai)路上,還(huan)需要(yao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)支持(chi)力(li)度,加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)輔導服務,強(qiang)化內部管理,健全規(gui)(gui)章制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,推(tui)(tui)進示范(fan)社(she)(she)建設(she)行動。同(tong)時,專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she)(she)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)踐中不(bu)(bu)斷探索聯合(he)(he)同(tong)類(lei)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she)(she),組(zu)建農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)聯合(he)(he)總社(she)(she),擴大(da)(da)經營規(gui)(gui)模(mo),拓(tuo)展服務領域,搭建更加(jia)(jia)(jia)廣闊的(de)(de)承接平臺[3]。

　　3.3搭建農業信息平臺,加快科技創新步伐

　　農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現(xian)代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)內容,是推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)技(ji)創新的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)平(ping)(ping)臺。為(wei)順應(ying)(ying)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin),必(bi)須(xu)利(li)(li)用(yong)科(ke)技(ji)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),指導農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。建立全國性、區(qu)域型農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)共享平(ping)(ping)臺,建立健全農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)三大應(ying)(ying)用(yong)系(xi)(xi)統:即農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品市場(chang)預警系(xi)(xi)統,農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品和生產(chan)資(zi)料市場(chang)監(jian)管系(xi)(xi)統,農(nong)(nong)(nong)村市場(chang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)技(ji)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)服(fu)務系(xi)(xi)統,從而加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)統計調查和預警分析。通(tong)過(guo)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)統、網(wang)站及(ji)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)成和整合,實(shi)現(xian)涉農(nong)(nong)(nong)公共數據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兼容與(yu)(yu)(yu)共享,使政府、農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)和企業(ye)(ye)獲(huo)得更(geng)加充(chong)分有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。要(yao)改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)基(ji)層農(nong)(nong)(nong)技(ji)推(tui)廣(guang)服(fu)務手段,充(chong)分利(li)(li)用(yong)廣(guang)播電視、報(bao)刊、互聯網(wang)、手機等媒體和現(xian)代信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)術,為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民提供高效便捷、簡明直觀、雙向互動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)務。同時,要(yao)教會農(nong)(nong)(nong)民怎樣用(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、怎樣學科(ke)技(ji),這是農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua)得以進(jin)(jin)(jin)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心問題。要(yao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)面向農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大戶(hu)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)濟合作組織和農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)龍頭企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電子商務服(fu)務,利(li)(li)用(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)術強化(hua)供應(ying)(ying)鏈管理,帶(dai)動(dong)上下游農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)提高信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)水平(ping)(ping),建設綜(zong)合信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)服(fu)務平(ping)(ping)臺,建立共享化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)綜(zong)合數據(ju)庫和網(wang)絡(luo)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)服(fu)務支持系(xi)(xi)統,重點改(gai)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)田智能灌(guan)溉、重大農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)氣(qi)象災害與(yu)(yu)(yu)動(dong)植(zhi)物病蟲害遠程診斷、農(nong)(nong)(nong)情監(jian)測(ce)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品質量(liang)監(jian)管、電子商務、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)電子政務等領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)設施條件,不斷提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua)水平(ping)(ping),推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)實(shi)現(xian)騰(teng)飛式的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。

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