工程項目論文15篇

　　在學習和工作中，大(da)家(jia)或(huo)多或(huo)少都(dou)會(hui)接觸過論文吧，論文是(shi)我們對某(mou)個問題進行深入研究(jiu)的文章。那么(me)一般論文是(shi)怎(zen)么(me)寫(xie)的呢？以(yi)下是(shi)小編整理的工程項目(mu)論文，歡(huan)迎閱讀(du)與(yu)收(shou)藏。

工程項目論文1

　　摘要:介(jie)紹了(le)建筑(zhu)工程項目中(zhong)合(he)(he)同管理(li)工作的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)，結合(he)(he)實(shi)際分(fen)析了(le)目前我國建筑(zhu)工程項目的(de)合(he)(he)同管理(li)工作尚(shang)存在(zai)的(de)一(yi)些不足之處(chu)，最后針(zhen)對這些難點提出了(le)幾點有效的(de)處(chu)理(li)對策，從(cong)而使合(he)(he)同管理(li)科學化，使建筑(zhu)業(ye)保持良性(xing)發展。

　　關鍵詞:建筑工程項目，合同管理，承包方

　　建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)(tong)屬于一(yi)種經濟性(xing)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)(tong)，是(shi)指某一(yi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設單(dan)位與(yu)勘察單(dan)位、設計單(dan)位、施工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位、材料供應單(dan)位所簽訂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)(tong)。在建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項目(mu)建設中，合(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)往(wang)往(wang)具(ju)有一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜(za)性(xing)，需要有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)(tong)管理(li)(li)機(ji)制來(lai)保(bao)(bao)證雙(shuang)方能(neng)夠很好(hao)地(di)履行合(he)同(tong)(tong)義務，確(que)保(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)度(du)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量可以(yi)(yi)滿足計劃綱要，我們可以(yi)(yi)肯(ken)定地(di)說，優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)(tong)管理(li)(li)可以(yi)(yi)發揮十分重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義。

　　1建筑工程項目的合同管理工作其意義深遠

　　對于(yu)(yu)建筑(zhu)工(gong)程來(lai)說(shuo)，其施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)期一般(ban)都(dou)比較長，出現各(ge)種各(ge)樣問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)概率就(jiu)隨(sui)之(zhi)增加。但是，在(zai)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)初期利(li)用合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)形(xing)式(shi)將這些(xie)可(ke)能出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題進(jin)行(xing)有(you)(you)(you)針對性的(de)(de)(de)(de)約(yue)束，就(jiu)會避免(mian)一些(xie)不(bu)必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)糾紛(fen)。合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)是具有(you)(you)(you)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)約(yue)束性的(de)(de)(de)(de)，對于(yu)(yu)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)雙(shuang)方(fang)而言它(ta)是具有(you)(you)(you)規(gui)范性的(de)(de)(de)(de)、法(fa)(fa)律(lv)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)文件，合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)立(li)需(xu)要雙(shuang)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)共同(tong)(tong)簽訂(ding)，合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)效(xiao)力(li)促(cu)使雙(shuang)方(fang)必(bi)須承擔(dan)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)中約(yue)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)與(yu)義(yi)務。所(suo)以說(shuo)，合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容需(xu)要雙(shuang)方(fang)經過(guo)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)探討來(lai)確(que)定(ding)。合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容利(li)于(yu)(yu)雙(shuang)方(fang)各(ge)自責任(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分化，可(ke)以保證工(gong)程建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)順利(li)進(jin)行(xing)，在(zai)一定(ding)程度(du)上(shang)還可(ke)以有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)地(di)(di)保障施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量。只有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)斷地(di)(di)提高合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平，才能使建筑(zhu)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)方(fang)在(zai)公開、公平競爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中開展建設(she)(she)，從(cong)而帶動建筑(zhu)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)發展。

　　2我國的建筑工程項目合同管理工作尚存在的問題

　　1)沒(mei)有(you)健全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度。在(zai)(zai)我國，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度還(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)(gou)(gou)健全，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)效(xiao)地(di)進行(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容規(gui)定(ding)了(le)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權利(li)與(yu)義務，并給出(chu)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de).執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)標(biao)準(zhun)，但是(shi)卻常(chang)有(you)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)條款(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。這(zhe)(zhe)其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)人是(shi)以個人行(xing)(xing)為代(dai)表公司來簽訂合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，在(zai)(zai)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)過程中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)旦出(chu)現(xian)了(le)問(wen)(wen)題就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)利(li)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)分(fen)配，最終導致不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)(gou)履行(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong);如(ru)(ru)果合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任何一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)忽視了(le)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條款(kuan)(kuan)，執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力度不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)(gou)(gou)，也(ye)會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)履行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難點。這(zhe)(zhe)類問(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)由于合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)健全造成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影響著企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)與(yu)發展。2)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簽訂存在(zai)(zai)著一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)規(gui)范性。每一(yi)(yi)(yi)個項(xiang)目都會(hui)簽訂兩份(fen)以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，有(you)些(xie)(xie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)經不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起細究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)(ru)果仔(zi)細地(di)分(fen)析每一(yi)(yi)(yi)條的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)明(ming)，肯(ken)定(ding)會(hui)發現(xian)這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)那(nei)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題，比(bi)如(ru)(ru)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權責表述得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)(gou)(gou)清楚，一(yi)(yi)(yi)旦出(chu)現(xian)違約(yue)現(xian)象就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)按照具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條例說(shuo)明(ming)來處理(li)。還(huan)(huan)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)情況:合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)訂存在(zai)(zai)著不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)公平(ping)性，一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)重(zhong)(zhong)點在(zai)(zai)于明(ming)確承(cheng)包方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權責，而對(dui)(dui)(dui)業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)約(yue)性條款(kuan)(kuan)少之甚少，導致承(cheng)包方(fang)(fang)與(yu)業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)等，如(ru)(ru)果遇到(dao)違約(yue)及理(li)賠事宜，就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)對(dui)(dui)(dui)承(cheng)包方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正當權益(yi)產生極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)。3)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法人法律意(yi)(yi)識淡薄(bo)。在(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)工程項(xiang)目合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簽訂過程中(zhong)(zhong)，常(chang)常(chang)會(hui)遇到(dao)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)備(bei)(bei)超強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律意(yi)(yi)識，再加上建(jian)筑(zhu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律效(xiao)力還(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)(gou)(gou)達標(biao)，如(ru)(ru)果合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條款(kuan)(kuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)(gou)(gou)嚴謹或是(shi)描述得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)(gou)(gou)準(zhun)確，合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權利(li)、義務比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)模糊，就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)續工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糾紛。如(ru)(ru)果只有(you)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律意(yi)(yi)識差，那(nei)么很(hen)有(you)可能(neng)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)等合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簽訂存在(zai)(zai)著不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)公平(ping)現(xian)象，在(zai)(zai)利(li)益(yi)或權利(li)方(fang)(fang)面只強(qiang)(qiang)調一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而在(zai)(zai)違約(yue)方(fang)(fang)面卻忽視了(le)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)情況下極易出(chu)現(xian)違約(yue)。4)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素質不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)(gou)(gou)高(gao)。建(jian)筑(zhu)工程中(zhong)(zhong)，合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)含概(gai)了(le)許多專業(ye)性知識及法律常(chang)識，這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)求合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人員要(yao)具(ju)備(bei)(bei)專業(ye)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時，還(huan)(huan)要(yao)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)素質，才(cai)可以對(dui)(dui)(dui)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進行(xing)(xing)科學化、信息(xi)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)項(xiang)專業(ye)性較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，但在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)，會(hui)把此項(xiang)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)劃分(fen)到(dao)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)部門來操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，而行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人員又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)備(bei)(bei)專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)水(shui)平(ping)，或是(shi)其文化水(shui)平(ping)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)(gou)適(shi)應(ying)現(xian)代(dai)科技(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展速度，最終使(shi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)充分(fen)地(di)利(li)用。

　　3建筑工程項目合同管理問題的解決對策

　　1)建(jian)(jian)立(li)健全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)。合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)涉及的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面較廣，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)起來(lai)十分繁瑣，無(wu)論哪一環(huan)節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題都(dou)會涉及到(dao)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不(bu)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話就(jiu)會損害雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)權益(yi)。所以，建(jian)(jian)筑企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)要(yao)重視提(ti)高(gao)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平，建(jian)(jian)立(li)一套科學合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，以保(bao)(bao)證合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范性(xing)。合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)訂(ding)要(yao)把(ba)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)分解(jie)(jie)透明化(hua)。合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)簽訂(ding)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)對(dui)項(xiang)目管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)和負責(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)交底，確(que)保(bao)(bao)項(xiang)目管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者對(dui)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)項(xiang)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)都(dou)清晰(xi)明了。將合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權責(ze)分解(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)落實到(dao)每(mei)一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)組，確(que)保(bao)(bao)每(mei)項(xiang)任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)與(yu)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)都(dou)能夠(gou)(gou)(gou)落實到(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)，在合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)履(lv)(lv)約過程(cheng)中(zhong)，各(ge)個(ge)部(bu)門要(yao)將分內(nei)(nei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)如(ru)(ru)實報送(song)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)部(bu)門，讓合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能夠(gou)(gou)(gou)及時(shi)掌(zhang)握合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)情況，確(que)保(bao)(bao)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利(li)如(ru)(ru)期完成。2)設立(li)標準化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)與(yu)形(xing)式。對(dui)于(yu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)與(yu)形(xing)式，國(guo)家(jia)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門有(you)標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)規(gui)范，有(you)明確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)示例(li)。合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)定(ding)要(yao)結合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期以及施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)狀況等(deng)(deng)，借(jie)鑒國(guo)內(nei)(nei)外先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)經驗，仔細(xi)地(di)研究與(yu)考(kao)量(liang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，在保(bao)(bao)證責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)權益(yi)與(yu)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)公平、平等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下，擬(ni)訂(ding)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項(xiang)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)，制(zhi)訂(ding)出(chu)符合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)我(wo)國(guo)市場經濟(ji)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文本(ben)。3)建(jian)(jian)立(li)正規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機構(gou)。建(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)要(yao)想繼續保(bao)(bao)持良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運營，就(jiu)要(yao)建(jian)(jian)立(li)一套健全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)，用法(fa)(fa)律(lv)來(lai)約束(shu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，也給合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)帶(dai)來(lai)了依(yi)據。建(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)要(yao)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)地(di)健全(quan)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機構(gou)，制(zhi)定(ding)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)性(xing)規(gui)章制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審核、記錄等(deng)(deng)要(yao)配備(bei)專(zhuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成效，對(dui)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)規(gui)范，避(bi)免合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏洞，減少在履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)不(bu)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)煩。這(zhe)樣，合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)從頭到(dao)尾都(dou)依(yi)據一個(ge)系(xi)統，從源頭上(shang)根除不(bu)平等(deng)(deng)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)。另外，建(jian)(jian)筑企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)要(yao)深(shen)刻地(di)認識(shi)(shi)到(dao)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)意識(shi)(shi)，理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)事宜必須依(yi)據合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)協(xie)商解(jie)(jie)決，這(zhe)樣更便于(yu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)后(hou)(hou)(hou)續工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。4)提(ti)高(gao)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)素質(zhi)。任(ren)(ren)(ren)何工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完成都(dou)需要(yao)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)、高(gao)素質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才來(lai)提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)質(zhi)量(liang)，建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)也不(bu)例(li)外。合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錄取要(yao)考(kao)察(cha)其專(zhuan)業(ye)素質(zhi)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)驗，考(kao)核內(nei)(nei)容(rong)要(yao)包括建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)技術知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)以及經濟(ji)、法(fa)(fa)律(lv)等(deng)(deng)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在上(shang)崗前要(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)崗前培訓以及后(hou)(hou)(hou)續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)期培訓，或是企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)轉送(song)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)去進(jin)(jin)(jin)修，以保(bao)(bao)證合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)技能不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)地(di)提(ti)高(gao)，提(ti)高(gao)其專(zhuan)業(ye)能力。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)，對(dui)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)崗位(wei)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)及績效考(kao)核制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，使(shi)他們(men)能夠(gou)(gou)(gou)清楚自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)，并能夠(gou)(gou)(gou)增加他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)積極性(xing)。

　　4結語

　　隨著我(wo)國建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)數量的不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)增多，為了保證(zheng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)合(he)同(tong)雙方合(he)理(li)(li)(li)的權益(yi)，就要不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)地(di)規范與強化(hua)合(he)同(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作。要想對建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目合(he)同(tong)進行(xing)有(you)(you)效地(di)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，必(bi)須從實(shi)際出(chu)發(fa)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)地(di)總(zong)結與歸納，對于我(wo)國現階段建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)合(he)同(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)尚存在的問題，要有(you)(you)針(zhen)對性地(di)對其進行(xing)解決，不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)完(wan)善(shan)合(he)同(tong)的制定標(biao)準，不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)地(di)提高合(he)同(tong)的履行(xing)情況(kuang)，不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)地(di)提高合(he)同(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人員的專業(ye)素質，從而(er)減少建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目中(zhong)一(yi)些不(bu)必(bi)要的麻煩，使合(he)同(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)具有(you)(you)全方位化(hua)、立體化(hua)、科學(xue)化(hua)，使建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)保持良性發(fa)展。

　　參考文獻:

　　［1］李明(ming)哲．建(jian)(jian)筑工程項(xiang)目(mu)合同(tong)管理中存(cun)在的問題和對策［J］．中華建(jian)(jian)設，20xx(8):104-105．

　　［2］唐群燕．清單計價(jia)模式(shi)下合同管理存在的問(wen)題及對策［J］．中外公路，20xx(9):225-227．

　　［3］馬艷鳳．建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程合同管理及其風險(xian)防范策略［J］．建(jian)(jian)材與裝(zhuang)飾，20xx(26):164-165．

　　［4］馮逸喆．建筑工程(cheng)合(he)同管理及其風險(xian)防范問題(ti)研究［J］．科技與(yu)企業(ye)，20xx(6):35．

　　［5］賀小俊．建筑工程合(he)同管(guan)理及其風險防(fang)范［J］．四川水泥，20xx(4):128．

　　［6］張素國．建(jian)筑(zhu)工程施(shi)工合同管理中應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)的問題［J］．建(jian)材技術(shu)與應(ying)用，20xx(3):50-52．

工程項目論文2

　　摘要：現(xian)代快節奏生活(huo)中，人(ren)們的(de)(de)消(xiao)費水平(ping)、消(xiao)費能力(li)(li)都得(de)到(dao)了(le)明顯提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)。在(zai)(zai)這一(yi)背景(jing)(jing)下(xia)，人(ren)們對生活(huo)品質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)追求也在(zai)(zai)不(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)，各類工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)也呈現(xian)在(zai)(zai)人(ren)們面前，那么如(ru)何(he)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)水平(ping)，是(shi)當前社會發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)基本(ben)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)，是(shi)人(ren)們消(xiao)費需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)能力(li)(li)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)標(biao)準，更(geng)(geng)是(shi)建筑企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)戰(zhan)略的(de)(de)根本(ben)。最(zui)近幾年(nian)，在(zai)(zai)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)經濟不(bu)斷開放(fang)的(de)(de)背景(jing)(jing)環境下(xia)，大批量(liang)具備(bei)技術、經濟實(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)、管理(li)(li)(li)能力(li)(li)的(de)(de)國際(ji)承(cheng)包商進入我(wo)國市(shi)(shi)場(chang)。對于本(ben)土工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)公司來說，這不(bu)僅(jin)是(shi)機遇(yu)，更(geng)(geng)是(shi)挑戰(zhan)。而(er)在(zai)(zai)這一(yi)背景(jing)(jing)下(xia)，也迫(po)使(shi)大量(liang)國內企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)放(fang)眼(yan)世界，吸收國外相(xiang)對優秀的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)策略。因此(ci)(ci)，如(ru)何(he)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)爭力(li)(li)、增加項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)能力(li)(li)成為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)迫(po)切需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)解(jie)決的(de)(de)問題。針對于此(ci)(ci)，要(yao)(yao)意識(shi)到(dao)如(ru)何(he)推進建筑施工(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)快速發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，如(ru)何(he)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)技術管理(li)(li)(li)水平(ping)、如(ru)何(he)改進自身(shen)缺陷，如(ru)何(he)在(zai)(zai)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)中贏得(de)更(geng)(geng)多實(shi)(shi)例(li)，如(ru)何(he)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，面對更(geng)(geng)加開放(fang)的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)，是(shi)當前建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)得(de)不(bu)面對的(de)(de)問題。在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)背景(jing)(jing)下(xia)，更(geng)(geng)需(xu)(xu)我(wo)們努力(li)(li)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)建筑企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)爭優勢，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)水平(ping)，以便獲(huo)得(de)更(geng)(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)份(fen)額。

　　關鍵詞：工程項目；質量管理；策略分析

　　一、工程項目質量管理現狀

　　在(zai)當前經濟快(kuai)速發展的(de)背景下(xia)，建筑市場(chang)環(huan)境表現(xian)(xian)出更為激烈的(de)競爭趨勢(shi)。針(zhen)對大部分(fen)現(xian)(xian)有施工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業來(lai)說，不重視質(zhi)量管(guan)理體系(xi)、片面追求經濟效(xiao)益的(de)現(xian)(xian)象十分(fen)明顯(xian)。在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)中，事(shi)前、事(shi)中控制能力(li)較低，不重視質(zhi)量管(guan)理體系(xi)建設是(shi)發生(sheng)問(wen)題的(de)主要根源，工(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)質(zhi)量管(guan)理手(shou)段(duan)相對落后也是(shi)很大一(yi)部分(fen)原因(yin)。因(yin)此(ci)，要在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)管(guan)理中，進行全(quan)方(fang)位、多(duo)層次的(de)動態質(zhi)量管(guan)理。

　　（一）市場缺少相關規劃

　　工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)中(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題并不(bu)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)蹴而就的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)僅與(yu)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)內部(bu)環境有(you)(you)關，更(geng)與(yu)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)外部(bu)發展環境緊(jin)密相連。現階段，雖然(ran)國家(jia)對(dui)建筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)場進(jin)(jin)行法律上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范和(he)管(guan)理(li)，但是(shi)很(hen)(hen)多建筑主管(guan)部(bu)門、地方政(zheng)府并沒有(you)(you)從根(gen)本(ben)上(shang)落實國家(jia)相關規定和(he)政(zheng)策制度法規，落實不(bu)到位、貫徹(che)不(bu)到位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)十分明(ming)顯(xian)，存在(zai)(zai)著嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“有(you)(you)法不(bu)依，執法不(bu)嚴，違法不(bu)糾”現象(xiang)。相比國外建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)來(lai)(lai)(lai)說，由于受到關系人(ren)(ren)情(qing)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，還有(you)(you)很(hen)(hen)多熟人(ren)(ren)管(guan)理(li)、熟人(ren)(ren)采購等(deng)各種因素制約，而很(hen)(hen)多業(ye)(ye)(ye)主為了追求更(geng)好品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，無(wu)論工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)結構難易(yi)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)大小(xiao)(xiao)、層次(ci)高低(di)(di)(di)，都明(ming)確要(yao)求要(yao)讓(rang)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)參與(yu)其中(zhong)，甚至明(ming)確指定一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)項(xiang)目經(jing)理(li)、一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)建造(zao)師都要(yao)參與(yu)其中(zhong)。這樣一(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)，很(hen)(hen)多低(di)(di)(di)水平項(xiang)目經(jing)理(li)難以承擔(dan)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)任務，導(dao)致(zhi)了差別化(hua)競爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺失，這也迫(po)使(shi)大小(xiao)(xiao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)、高低(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)得(de)不(bu)同(tong)時(shi)進(jin)(jin)入到更(geng)低(di)(di)(di)層次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目中(zhong)，進(jin)(jin)而加大了市(shi)(shi)場混亂(luan)程(cheng)(cheng)度，導(dao)致(zhi)了市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)序化(hua)競爭，很(hen)(hen)多工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目企業(ye)(ye)(ye)以無(wu)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冒(mao)充有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、低(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)掛靠高資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)手段來(lai)(lai)(lai)謀取(qu)更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利益。與(yu)此同(tong)時(shi)，建造(zao)師資(zi)(zi)格證書出借等(deng)現象(xiang)屢(lv)禁不(bu)止，但由于建筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)本(ben)身所具備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性，也就決(jue)定了市(shi)(shi)場分配中(zhong)，需要(yao)更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范化(hua)運營和(he)管(guan)理(li)。針(zhen)對(dui)建筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)本(ben)身來(lai)(lai)(lai)說，其屬于勞(lao)動(dong)密集型產業(ye)(ye)(ye)，因此，輔助(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具、手工(gong)(gong)(gong)作業(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)多為基本(ben)手段，而其市(shi)(shi)場準入壁壘較低(di)(di)(di)，再加上(shang)高利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅使(shi)，就會使(shi)得(de)更(geng)多中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)、個人(ren)(ren)涌入其中(zhong)。

　　（二）人員質量意識較差

　　當前(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目管(guan)(guan)理(li)中，能夠看到(dao)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)意識(shi)(shi)較差。所(suo)謂質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)意識(shi)(shi)，明(ming)確(que)了人(ren)們(men)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)態度(du)(du)、認識(shi)(shi)，是(shi)上述(shu)二者(zhe)關(guan)系的(de)(de)綜合表現。質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)意識(shi)(shi)是(shi)提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)手(shou)段，也是(shi)基本前(qian)提。如果(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目企業(ye)中，管(guan)(guan)理(li)高層沒有(you)對(dui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題給(gei)予高度(du)(du)重(zhong)視(shi)，而是(shi)將重(zhong)點放在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)利潤之上，缺少高質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、高效(xiao)益的(de)(de)超(chao)前(qian)意識(shi)(shi)，就會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)大(da)部分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員缺少明(ming)確(que)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)目標。當前(qian)，大(da)部分(fen)建筑行業(ye)領(ling)導(dao)秉(bing)承著“質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)第一”的(de)(de)口(kou)號，但(dan)是(shi)其僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)停留在口(kou)頭層面，并沒有(you)落實到(dao)實際層面，更多(duo)的(de)(de)企業(ye)領(ling)導(dao)者(zhe)將重(zhong)點放在了保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)期、抓進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)層面，很少關(guan)注(zhu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)提高，而高層領(ling)導(dao)人(ren)管(guan)(guan)理(li)意識(shi)(shi)不強、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)監(jian)督層工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)存在很多(duo)困境(jing)，進(jin)(jin)而影響了工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目的(de)(de)順利進(jin)(jin)行。

　　（三）建筑單位行為不規范

　　計(ji)劃經濟體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制的(de)(de)環境下，市場(chang)發展并(bing)沒(mei)有(you)步入正(zheng)軌(gui)，而(er)很多建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)業主(zhu)不(bu)是(shi)完全(quan)(quan)法人(ren)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，合(he)格的(de)(de)市場(chang)也沒(mei)有(you)充分(fen)建(jian)(jian)立起來(lai)。工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)，存(cun)在(zai)很多不(bu)規范行為，很多建(jian)(jian)設(she)單位不(bu)具備(bei)法人(ren)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)效力，施(shi)工(gong)單位選擇、建(jian)(jian)設(she)資(zi)金(jin)使(shi)用等(deng)存(cun)在(zai)明顯不(bu)足(zu)，甚至不(bu)能(neng)自行決定資(zi)金(jin)使(shi)用，體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制建(jian)(jian)設(she)、制度建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)會(hui)受(shou)到主(zhu)營單位的(de)(de)限制，在(zai)承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)責任(ren)、承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)務中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)很大不(bu)足(zu)，這不(bu)僅(jin)破壞了(le)承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)雙方的(de)(de)公平交易關系，也導(dao)致了(le)市場(chang)意識(shi)的(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)一步破壞，影響并(bing)阻礙了(le)市場(chang)機制的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)立。除(chu)此之外，片面追(zhui)求(qiu)低(di)成本、低(di)造價使(shi)得(de)責任(ren)機制不(bu)夠健全(quan)(quan)，在(zai)追(zhui)求(qiu)高(gao)(gao)標(biao)準(zhun)、高(gao)(gao)效益的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，出現(xian)了(le)短工(gong)期現(xian)象，更(geng)(geng)進(jin)(jin)一步地影響了(le)建(jian)(jian)設(she)單位工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)承(cheng)包(bao)，以及工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量的(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao)。更(geng)(geng)有(you)的(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)中(zhong)，存(cun)在(zai)著一個(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)有(you)兩個(ge)或兩個(ge)以上施(shi)工(gong)隊伍。針(zhen)對這一現(xian)象，使(shi)得(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)缺(que)少統一規劃管理，施(shi)工(gong)水平參差不(bu)齊，影響了(le)施(shi)工(gong)質量的(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao)。基于我國現(xian)行的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑質量評定標(biao)準(zhun)，單位工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)中(zhong)，如果有(you)一個(ge)分(fen)項(xiang)(xiang)或分(fen)部工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)存(cun)在(zai)問題(ti)，那(nei)么整個(ge)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就會(hui)被認為是(shi)不(bu)合(he)格工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。

　　（四）設計單位行為不規范現代工程項目建設管理中，還存在著設計單位行為不規范的現象

　　一般(ban)情(qing)況下(xia)，建(jian)筑質(zhi)量(liang)出(chu)現(xian)問題，會被認(ren)為是(shi)(shi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)問題，因(yin)為大部(bu)(bu)分問題都(dou)是(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)不(bu)到(dao)位(wei)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)到(dao)位(wei)、設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)不(bu)到(dao)位(wei)引(yin)起的(de)(de)。這(zhe)根源于(yu)大部(bu)(bu)分設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)單(dan)位(wei)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)按照工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目承包者的(de)(de)項目規劃(hua)而(er)進行設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)，因(yin)此在內部(bu)(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目管(guan)(guan)理(li)中，難以形成固定(ding)搭配(pei)，即便那些設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)人員(yuan)不(bu)熟悉工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，也很難有新的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)師介入(ru)，這(zhe)樣(yang)就不(bu)能充(chong)分發揮專業優勢、設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)優勢之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)互補作用，進而(er)影響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)總體(ti)質(zhi)量(liang)。而(er)相比之(zhi)下(xia)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目的(de)(de)特殊(shu)性(xing)，又決定(ding)了其(qi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)中，必須要(yao)建(jian)立質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)系，針對當(dang)前工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目管(guan)(guan)理(li)來說，其(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)檢驗(yan)是(shi)(shi)每年都(dou)要(yao)進行的(de)(de)，但是(shi)(shi)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)間(jian)(jian)隔較短，這(zhe)樣(yang)一來，就為質(zhi)量(liang)事(shi)故埋下(xia)了隱患。

　　二、加強工程項目質量管理的建議

　　與傳統(tong)工(gong)程項目監管(guan)(guan)相比，現(xian)代工(gong)程項目質量管(guan)(guan)理(li)展現(xian)出(chu)了明(ming)顯的不同，首先，其是一(yi)種動態化(hua)、全方面(mian)、系統(tong)化(hua)的管(guan)(guan)理(li)過(guo)程，更多地強調了對(dui)現(xian)狀(zhuang)的分析。基于此，就應該從其管(guan)(guan)理(li)現(xian)狀(zhuang)、管(guan)(guan)理(li)手(shou)段入手(shou)，從根(gen)本上對(dui)其質量管(guan)(guan)理(li)問題進(jin)行研究，并以此給(gei)出(chu)相關的建議和對(dui)策。

　　（一）政府要強化政策監管

　　針對(dui)(dui)我國(guo)當前工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)實(shi)際情況來說(shuo)，其不僅(jin)會(hui)受到(dao)企業內部(bu)(bu)環境的(de)(de)影響，還會(hui)受到(dao)外部(bu)(bu)市(shi)場環境的(de)(de)`影響；從(cong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)角度來說(shuo)，其會(hui)受到(dao)政(zheng)府市(shi)場宏觀調(diao)控的(de)(de)影響，會(hui)受到(dao)外部(bu)(bu)監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體制的(de)(de)影響；而針對(dui)(dui)政(zheng)府主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)(bu)門來說(shuo)，更要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)根本(ben)上的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體系中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，抓好開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前審(shen)查(cha)承(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資，對(dui)(dui)承(cheng)包單(dan)位資質(zhi)(zhi)等級(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)嚴格管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，并要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)檢(jian)查(cha)。在(zai)完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)認定(ding)，對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)完成情況進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)審(shen)查(cha)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)從(cong)根本(ben)上改變(bian)當前建設(she)(she)單(dan)位、建筑(zhu)構件(jian)生產廠(chang)家統一監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)做(zuo)法，要(yao)(yao)(yao)從(cong)根本(ben)上保證政(zheng)府的(de)(de)監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)真(zhen)正將管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)落實(shi)到(dao)實(shi)際層面，要(yao)(yao)(yao)讓每一個參(can)與到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)企業都(dou)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)負責；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人員來說(shuo)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)明確(que)責任(ren)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，在(zai)確(que)定(ding)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)計(ji)方(fang)案的(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)積極主(zhu)動詢問(wen)專業人員意見(jian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴把質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)關(guan)。設(she)(she)計(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴格對(dui)(dui)招標隊(dui)伍進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)選(xuan)擇，選(xuan)擇質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)信(xin)譽好、報(bao)價合理(li)(li)(li)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)水(shui)平較高的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍。眾多事實(shi)和(he)經(jing)驗表明，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍的(de)(de)好壞(huai)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)順利進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)發(fa)揮著重要(yao)(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)，而專業的(de)(de)負責人能(neng)積極主(zhu)動與材料供(gong)應商、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)備廠(chang)商建立(li)密(mi)切的(de)(de)合作(zuo)關(guan)系，能(neng)積極主(zhu)動地參(can)與到(dao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，便(bian)能(neng)有(you)效發(fa)揮建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)優勢，并從(cong)根本(ben)上促進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。

　　（二）企業要加強質量意識

　　工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)與提高是一(yi)個(ge)(ge)相對復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)從(cong)(cong)強化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)著手(shou)，利用基本理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)手(shou)段等(deng)綜(zong)合(he)方(fang)法，促進(jin)(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)層、領導層、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)層、監督(du)層、操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)層間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)緊密結合(he)，從(cong)(cong)根(gen)本上(shang)(shang)提高并樹立質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)，推行全面管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、精細(xi)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，從(cong)(cong)根(gen)本上(shang)(shang)利用系(xi)統(tong)化(hua)(hua)方(fang)法和(he)概念(nian)(nian)，對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)體(ti)系(xi)進(jin)(jin)行嚴(yan)格把控，將(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中的(de)(de)(de)不同環(huan)(huan)節、不同部(bu)門(men)(men)高效地(di)組合(he)在(zai)一(yi)起，促進(jin)(jin)職責(ze)、任(ren)(ren)務、權限(xian)等(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)立。想(xiang)(xiang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)從(cong)(cong)根(gen)本上(shang)(shang)促進(jin)(jin)這一(yi)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)立，就應(ying)該(gai)利用系(xi)統(tong)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法、概念(nian)(nian)，將(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)(ge)環(huan)(huan)節、各(ge)個(ge)(ge)部(bu)門(men)(men)高效率(lv)地(di)組織在(zai)一(yi)起，形成職責(ze)權限(xian)明確(que)、任(ren)(ren)務明確(que)的(de)(de)(de)統(tong)一(yi)化(hua)(hua)整體(ti)。為(wei)了從(cong)(cong)根(gen)本上(shang)(shang)落(luo)實(shi)這一(yi)職能效果，還(huan)應(ying)該(gai)明確(que)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)，落(luo)實(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)，樹立質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)，牢(lao)固管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)觀念(nian)(nian)。相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)讓不同職能部(bu)門(men)(men)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員積極承(cheng)擔(dan)起本部(bu)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)，讓其在(zai)擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)本崗位(wei)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)，嚴(yan)把工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)關，要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)充(chong)分發揮本職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)，強調監督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用，要(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)(jiang)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)落(luo)實(shi)到每(mei)(mei)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段，要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)環(huan)(huan)節、每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)領域、每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)階段都要(yao)(yao)(yao)做到嚴(yan)格審查(cha)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目經理(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)負責(ze)人(ren)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)立風險押金(jin)保障機制(zhi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)簽(qian)訂質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)承(cheng)包責(ze)任(ren)(ren)書(shu)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)激勵、制(zhi)約工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目經理(li)(li)(li)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)完善質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)系(xi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)對項(xiang)(xiang)目經理(li)(li)(li)進(jin)(jin)行監督(du)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)樹立企(qi)業形象(xiang)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)創造(zao)優質(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)述內容作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)考察項(xiang)(xiang)目經理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)指(zhi)標，要(yao)(yao)(yao)從(cong)(cong)根(gen)本上(shang)(shang)落(luo)實(shi)“以包代管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)措施和(he)手(shou)段。

　　（三）要加大對工程項目的審查力度

　　工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)順(shun)(shun)利進行與工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)緊密相(xiang)連，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要階段，相(xiang)對(dui)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)規劃不僅(jin)能(neng)直接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)建(jian)筑產品質(zhi)量(liang)，更能(neng)降(jiang)低工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)事故的(de)(de)發生率。相(xiang)應的(de)(de)，針對(dui)網絡的(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)查數據現(xian)實，當(dang)前有關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)事故調(diao)(diao)查中，有超過一半以上的(de)(de)事故都來(lai)源(yuan)于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)不到位。因此(ci)，加強(qiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管理(li)顯得至關(guan)(guan)(guan)重(zhong)要，而對(dui)于設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)的(de)(de)資格(ge)審查來(lai)說也是非(fei)常重(zhong)要的(de)(de)。當(dang)前，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)中的(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比較嚴(yan)格(ge)，包括(kuo)了設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方案(an)審核、設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方案(an)規劃，甚(shen)至還強(qiang)調(diao)(diao)了設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方案(an)的(de)(de)防火性(xing)、安全(quan)性(xing)等，因此(ci)，設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)審制、專業(ye)間的(de)(de)會審都發揮著重(zhong)要作用。與此(ci)同時，相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)監督管理(li)部(bu)門，更要對(dui)建(jian)筑材料、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備進行嚴(yan)格(ge)把關(guan)(guan)(guan)，限(xian)制業(ye)余設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，嚴(yan)禁非(fei)法出讓(rang)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圖章，強(qiang)化設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)服務體系的(de)(de)建(jian)立。同時，政府部(bu)門要建(jian)立質(zhi)量(liang)監督站，以便更大限(xian)度地保證工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)順(shun)(shun)利進行，消除質(zhi)量(liang)隱患。

　　三、結語

　　市場對(dui)外開放的(de)環境下(xia)，我(wo)(wo)國眾(zhong)多工(gong)程(cheng)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)面臨著(zhu)機(ji)遇與挑(tiao)戰，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面國外企業(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)入(ru)對(dui)我(wo)(wo)國工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)市場管(guan)理(li)形(xing)成了(le)巨大沖(chong)擊；另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面，我(wo)(wo)國國內市場也(ye)面臨著(zhu)走出(chu)(chu)去的(de)困境，如何在工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)中提(ti)(ti)高企業(ye)(ye)(ye)競爭(zheng)力(li)也(ye)已逐步(bu)成為企業(ye)(ye)(ye)迫(po)切需要(yao)解決問題。在全球(qiu)化競爭(zheng)不斷加劇的(de)背景(jing)下(xia)，工(gong)程(cheng)類企業(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)以提(ti)(ti)高質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)水平為基(ji)本前提(ti)(ti)，要(yao)提(ti)(ti)升建筑行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)競爭(zheng)優勢，要(yao)增加企業(ye)(ye)(ye)市場競爭(zheng)力(li)。基(ji)于此，本文從(cong)建筑行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)整體現狀出(chu)(chu)發，對(dui)項目(mu)(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)分析，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)新(xin)的(de)提(ti)(ti)升項目(mu)(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)的(de)方(fang)(fang)法，為更(geng)多企業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)(ti)供了(le)借(jie)鑒的(de)經驗(yan)。

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　　[1]段(duan)志成.工程項目(mu)管理(li)標(biao)準(zhun)化作用機理(li)研究[D].天津大學(xue),20xx.

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工程項目論文3

　　財務審計(ji)中的會(hui)計(ji)核算方(fang)法

　　摘要(yao)(yao)：隨著社會(hui)經濟水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)不斷提(ti)(ti)升，信(xin)(xin)息化技術的(de)(de)(de)時代(dai)已(yi)經到(dao)臨。傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)核算方(fang)法已(yi)經不能滿(man)足財(cai)務(wu)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)現狀。在現代(dai)社會(hui)計(ji)(ji)算機技術和信(xin)(xin)息技術已(yi)經應用到(dao)了各行各業(ye)，并且已(yi)經逐漸成為會(hui)計(ji)(ji)核算方(fang)法發展的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)方(fang)向。在改革開放深入發展的(de)(de)(de)當(dang)下，要(yao)(yao)在會(hui)計(ji)(ji)核算的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法中不斷進行創新和改革，才能符(fu)合當(dang)今(jin)時代(dai)對(dui)財(cai)務(wu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)需求。因此，要(yao)(yao)努力的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)升會(hui)計(ji)(ji)核算的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)，以發展的(de)(de)(de)眼光來看待(dai)問題(ti)，實現會(hui)計(ji)(ji)核算方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)改進，同時也(ye)能夠(gou)提(ti)(ti)高財(cai)務(wu)管(guan)理(li)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)平(ping)。

　　關鍵詞：會計(ji)核(he)算方法(fa)；財務審計(ji)；研究(jiu)

　　在(zai)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營和管(guan)(guan)(guan)理中會(hui)計工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)一(yi)直是一(yi)項重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，并且在(zai)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展中發(fa)揮了不(bu)可替代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。財(cai)務(wu)審計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)在(zai)實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)計工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中更是重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組成部分(fen)，它能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)對(dui)(dui)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產經(jing)營狀況進行正確(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)應。通過財(cai)務(wu)審計工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)對(dui)(dui)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資金流(liu)動(dong)進行反(fan)(fan)映和管(guan)(guan)(guan)理，對(dui)(dui)企業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)報(bao)表(biao)等信息(xi)進行準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)判斷，才能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)有效地分(fen)析企業(ye)(ye)中存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)和資金問題，讓公(gong)司(si)采取正確(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解決方法。在(zai)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中，財(cai)務(wu)審計也(ye)具有監督的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)保證企業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正確(que)(que)(que)性(xing)和準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)(que)性(xing)。同時還能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)將(jiang)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收益和資金流(liu)動(dong)進行準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理，在(zai)最大程度上提高(gao)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益。

　　一、財(cai)務(wu)(wu)監督(du)中財(cai)務(wu)(wu)審計的基本含義

　　會計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)監查工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)能(neng)夠有(you)效的(de)保障(zhang)基(ji)本財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)會計(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)順(shun)(shun)利(li)進行(xing)，提(ti)高整(zheng)體的(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)管理水(shui)平。財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)主要內容就是對財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)會計(ji)(ji)(ji)進行(xing)真(zhen)實準(zhun)確的(de)記錄，依照會計(ji)(ji)(ji)原則來(lai)監督(du)和管理財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)報(bao)表的(de)真(zhen)實和準(zhun)確性(xing)。財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)基(ji)本出發點是對企業(ye)的(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)報(bao)表進行(xing)監督(du)，正確地(di)反應企業(ye)的(de)資(zi)金狀況和流向。財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)對企業(ye)的(de)資(zi)產和資(zi)金進行(xing)真(zhen)實的(de)記錄，利(li)用會計(ji)(ji)(ji)監查工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)實現(xian)整(zheng)體的(de)監督(du)，主要起到的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用是防(fang)止企業(ye)的(de)違法(fa)行(xing)為(wei)，同時也(ye)能(neng)夠實現(xian)宏觀調(diao)控的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。在企業(ye)的(de)管理中財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)夠有(you)效的(de)遏(e)制企業(ye)中違反規(gui)定(ding)(ding)和法(fa)律的(de)行(xing)為(wei)，也(ye)能(neng)夠有(you)效地(di)保證企業(ye)的(de)組(zu)織管理順(shun)(shun)利(li)進行(xing)，為(wei)企業(ye)的(de)發展奠定(ding)(ding)基(ji)礎(chu)。財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)屬于會計(ji)(ji)(ji)科學(xue)審(shen)(shen)(shen)查，主要的(de)研究內容為(wei)會計(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)真(zhen)實記錄，以幫(bang)助(zhu)企業(ye)管理層透過正確的(de)會計(ji)(ji)(ji)信息來(lai)做出正確的(de)決定(ding)(ding)。

　　二、會計(ji)審(shen)計(ji)中會計(ji)核算方法(fa)

　　(一)勾稽關系和核(he)對法

　　在(zai)審計進行(xing)查賬(zhang)管理的(de)過(guo)程中，要把相(xiang)關聯的(de)會計資(zi)(zi)料當做是(shi)勾稽關系的(de)導線，并且輔之以(yi)核(he)(he)對(dui)法。核(he)(he)對(dui)法主(zhu)要是(shi)指(zhi)運用兩種以(yi)上(shang)的(de)書面資(zi)(zi)料來(lai)(lai)進行(xing)相(xiang)關交(jiao)叉對(dui)照，來(lai)(lai)核(he)(he)對(dui)雙(shuang)方是(shi)否有不同之處，以(yi)及最后計算出的(de)數(shu)據是(shi)否正確。在(zai)進行(xing)核(he)(he)對(dui)的(de)過(guo)程中就(jiu)可以(yi)找到存在(zai)的(de)相(xiang)關問(wen)題，并且對(dui)所產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)問(wen)題來(lai)(lai)進行(xing)客(ke)觀準確的(de)分析(xi)，來(lai)(lai)判斷(duan)相(xiang)關問(wen)題造成的(de)原因。通(tong)過(guo)這樣的(de)方式來(lai)(lai)進行(xing)問(wen)題的(de)分析(xi)，并且運用相(xiang)關的(de)結果來(lai)(lai)準確的(de)制(zhi)定解決措(cuo)施，在(zai)最大程度上(shang)降低(di)企業的(de)經濟損失，保(bao)證企業的(de)資(zi)(zi)金流通(tong)。

　　(二)賬戶對應關(guan)系(xi)和賬戶分析法

　　在企業(ye)經營和(he)管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，復(fu)式(shi)(shi)記(ji)賬(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)會計(ji)核算(suan)方法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要形式(shi)(shi)，在賬(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)戶(hu)相(xiang)互之間建立一種依存、對照的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系，這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)(shi)則被稱(cheng)做賬(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)戶(hu)對應關(guan)系。在審(shen)計(ji)進行(xing)(xing)查(cha)賬(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流程(cheng)中(zhong)，把賬(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)戶(hu)對應關(guan)系當做主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)點，并且可(ke)以多樣化地運用賬(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)戶(hu)分析法(fa)(fa)。賬(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)戶(hu)分析法(fa)(fa)主要是(shi)建立在賬(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)戶(hu)相(xiang)關(guan)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，并且找(zhao)出其中(zhong)不合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象，同時能夠準確、及時地發現(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)解(jie)決問題(ti)。在會計(ji)核算(suan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，對銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)存款和(he)借款進行(xing)(xing)系統化地分析和(he)管理，查(cha)看相(xiang)關(guan)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，為日(ri)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查(cha)和(he)管理工作進行(xing)(xing)提供重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證，及時發現(xian)(xian)(xian)問題(ti)和(he)提出解(jie)決措(cuo)施。

　　(三)流程分(fen)析(xi)法

　　在(zai)審計工作(zuo)進行的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，要(yao)把(ba)內部控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度當做(zuo)主體(ti)，并且在(zai)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)能夠準(zhun)確(que)地(di)運用流(liu)程(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)圖(tu)分(fen)析方(fang)法，然后(hou)對企業內部控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度進行嚴格(ge)地(di)審查和(he)評價(jia)。流(liu)程(cheng)分(fen)析法主要(yao)是指(zhi)把(ba)審查的(de)(de)相(xiang)關項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)內部控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)圖(tu)繪畫成相(xiang)匹配(pei)的(de)(de)流(liu)程(cheng)圖(tu)，并且通(tong)過(guo)分(fen)析整個流(liu)程(cheng)圖(tu)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎，然后(hou)找到項(xiang)(xiang)目中(zhong)存在(zai)的(de)(de)相(xiang)關問題。這種方(fang)法的(de)(de)優點在(zai)于能夠更加直(zhi)接和(he)全面地(di)指(zhi)導項(xiang)(xiang)目中(zhong)存在(zai)的(de)(de)問題，同時進行分(fen)析然后(hou)用文(wen)字(zi)的(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)來準(zhun)確(que)解(jie)決，并且能夠直(zhi)接使用特殊的(de)(de)顏色(se)來將流(liu)程(cheng)圖(tu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)'錯誤(wu)標出，為審計人(ren)員的(de)(de)工作(zuo)打(da)下一個良好的(de)(de)基(ji)礎。

　　三(san)、信(xin)息時代下(xia)的會計核算方法(fa)

　　(一)公允價值計量(liang)

　　在(zai)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時代，公允價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)已經(jing)成(cheng)為當下會計(ji)界(jie)探(tan)討的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)內容。隨著社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)和(he)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，歷(li)史(shi)成(cheng)本(ben)計(ji)量(liang)和(he)公允價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)量(liang)成(cheng)為主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)探(tan)討的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容。歷(li)史(shi)成(cheng)本(ben)計(ji)量(liang)法(fa)(fa)和(he)公允價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)量(liang)方法(fa)(fa)都是(shi)兩個主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)方式，但(dan)是(shi)實踐表明公允價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)量(liang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)明顯(xian)高于歷(li)史(shi)成(cheng)本(ben)計(ji)量(liang)法(fa)(fa)。公允價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)量(liang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)在(zai)于能夠更加(jia)準(zhun)確地反(fan)應企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)現(xian)狀和(he)負債(zhai)情(qing)況。但(dan)在(zai)目(mu)前，歷(li)史(shi)計(ji)量(liang)法(fa)(fa)在(zai)企業(ye)中(zhong)依舊占(zhan)有主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位，在(zai)審計(ji)查賬的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)也依然是(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)算方法(fa)(fa)。在(zai)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時代，各種(zhong)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)處理已經(jing)普遍應用(yong)了(le)會計(ji)系統，并且具有自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)這一主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)特點，因此(ci)公允價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)量(liang)法(fa)(fa)在(zai)處理數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)方面非常地精準(zhun)。

　　(二(er))移動加權平均法(fa)

　　在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一定程度(du)上來(lai)說(shuo)，傳統(tong)的(de)會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)普遍都運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)先(xian)進(jin)先(xian)出(chu)法和(he)移動(dong)(dong)加(jia)權(quan)(quan)平均法，這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)能夠(gou)有效(xiao)(xiao)地(di)保(bao)證數(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)準確性，但是(shi)同(tong)樣(yang)也存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一些缺(que)(que)點。比如說(shuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)進(jin)先(xian)出(chu)法中(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)貨(huo)(huo)存(cun)的(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)，如果每一次使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)都要(yao)對存(cun)貨(huo)(huo)的(de)價格進(jin)行計(ji)(ji)(ji)算，這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)會(hui)(hui)(hui)降(jiang)低系統(tong)的(de)運(yun)行效(xiao)(xiao)率，同(tong)時也會(hui)(hui)(hui)降(jiang)低會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)核算的(de)速度(du)，造成審計(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率下降(jiang)。加(jia)權(quan)(quan)平均法的(de)有效(xiao)(xiao)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)，不僅僅能夠(gou)減少審計(ji)(ji)(ji)人員的(de)工(gong)(gong)作量，有效(xiao)(xiao)地(di)提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)作水平和(he)效(xiao)(xiao)率，節約企業的(de)成本。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)移動(dong)(dong)加(jia)權(quan)(quan)平均法使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)也會(hui)(hui)(hui)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)信息不及(ji)時的(de)缺(que)(que)點，這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)就要(yao)求要(yao)及(ji)時對會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)系統(tong)進(jin)行更新(xin)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)當下社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)，跨級信息數(shu)據(ju)(ju)采集發展主要(yao)是(shi)往動(dong)(dong)態化(hua)方向，會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)信息系統(tong)要(yao)及(ji)時的(de)更新(xin)存(cun)貨(huo)(huo)價格，會(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)系統(tong)中(zhong)要(yao)實現移動(dong)(dong)加(jia)權(quan)(quan)核算的(de)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)，保(bao)障企業的(de)管理順利進(jin)行。

　　四、提(ti)高會計(ji)核算水平的措施

　　(一)要(yao)保證(zheng)會計核算工作獨立進行

　　會(hui)計(ji)核(he)(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)原則就(jiu)是獨立(li)、客觀、準(zhun)確(que)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證會(hui)計(ji)監查部(bu)門的(de)(de)獨立(li)，在企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)經(jing)營管(guan)理(li)(li)中實(shi)現會(hui)計(ji)監查功(gong)能。因(yin)此(ci)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不斷(duan)地提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)會(hui)計(ji)核(he)(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)水平，讓其能夠獨立(li)進行。在企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)日常(chang)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)和經(jing)營中，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建立(li)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)責任(ren)(ren)機制，把會(hui)計(ji)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)崗位(wei)進行合理(li)(li)劃分(fen)，讓每一個崗位(wei)的(de)(de)職責都能夠準(zhun)確(que)實(shi)施；要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建立(li)好權(quan)力和責任(ren)(ren)制度(du)，明確(que)各個部(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)責任(ren)(ren)；要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)障會(hui)計(ji)核(he)(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)工作(zuo)能夠獨立(li)進行，并(bing)且明確(que)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)責任(ren)(ren)制度(du)；要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)實(shi)現會(hui)計(ji)核(he)(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)工作(zuo)和其他部(bu)門的(de)(de)協(xie)調(diao)，并(bing)且要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)障會(hui)計(ji)核(he)(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)獨立(li)性，有(you)效地提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)會(hui)計(ji)核(he)(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)水平。在企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)面，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證管(guan)理(li)(li)層能夠擁有(you)會(hui)計(ji)核(he)(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)理(li)(li)念，提(ti)高(gao)整體的(de)(de)會(hui)計(ji)核(he)(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)意(yi)識(shi)，并(bing)且要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)內部(bu)完善監督體制，提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)監督水平，有(you)效提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益，實(shi)現企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)自(zi)身的(de)(de)發展，讓企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)在激勵(li)的(de)(de)市(shi)場競(jing)爭中占有(you)優勢地位(wei)。

　　(二)提高會計核算工作(zuo)的監督(du)水(shui)平

　　在企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)經營管(guan)理(li)中(zhong)，管(guan)理(li)者要(yao)準確地(di)把握公司的(de)(de)實際情況，以此為(wei)出發點(dian)，不斷地(di)促進監督(du)(du)管(guan)理(li)水平的(de)(de)提升，讓監督(du)(du)制度能夠在企(qi)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)發揮(hui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。在協調企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)制度和(he)(he)關系中(zhong)，要(yao)保證重視會(hui)計核(he)算(suan)(suan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)監督(du)(du)，建(jian)設審計部(bu)門(men)，讓審計部(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員對各個(ge)方面進行核(he)算(suan)(suan)，及時發展問題(ti)和(he)(he)解決問題(ti)，并且也可(ke)以和(he)(he)相關部(bu)門(men)配合，對會(hui)計核(he)算(suan)(suan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)進行全方面的(de)(de)監督(du)(du)。在管(guan)理(li)方面要(yao)樹(shu)立以人(ren)為(wei)本(ben)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)理(li)念(nian)，加(jia)強對企(qi)業(ye)(ye)財務人(ren)員的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)，完善(shan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)財務管(guan)理(li)制度和(he)(he)理(li)念(nian)。

　　五、總結

　　綜上所述(shu)，在(zai)(zai)信息時(shi)代(dai)的(de)背景下，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)經營和(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)面對(dui)著各種各樣的(de)風險和(he)(he)挑戰。為(wei)了實現(xian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)自身(shen)的(de)可持續發(fa)展(zhan)，要(yao)努力地提(ti)升會(hui)計核算工作水平(ping)(ping)。在(zai)(zai)市場(chang)經濟不斷發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)過程中，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)不斷地提(ti)升競爭力，完善(shan)和(he)(he)優(you)化(hua)會(hui)計核算工作制度，在(zai)(zai)人(ren)員管理方(fang)面則要(yao)不斷進行技能(neng)培訓，提(ti)高審(shen)計人(ren)員的(de)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)技能(neng)水平(ping)(ping)。同時(shi)要(yao)提(ti)升企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部的(de)監(jian)督水平(ping)(ping)，為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)核算工作提(ti)供足夠(gou)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)空間，實現(xian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟效益(yi)最大化(hua)。

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工程項目論文4

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工程項目論文5

　　摘要：本文從組成工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險管理全(quan)壽命周(zhou)期的(de)各階段(duan)分析項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)已(yi)經存(cun)在的(de)、潛在的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險，在閱讀(du)相關(guan)論(lun)文基礎上結合工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險管理實際探索(suo)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險管理新策略，亦求(qiu)提(ti)高企業對建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險管理的(de)水平。

　　關鍵詞：建筑工程；項目風(feng)險(xian)管理；風(feng)險(xian)策(ce)略

　　一、工程項目營銷階段風險策略

　　（一）項(xiang)目(mu)營銷階段風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內容。工程項(xiang)目(mu)營銷階段風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)包括(kuo)市場信息的(de)獲取(qu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、項(xiang)目(mu)投標風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、合同洽談與簽訂風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)三個內容。市場信息獲取(qu)是正確(que)投標決(jue)(jue)策(ce)的(de)基礎(chu)，在(zai)項(xiang)目(mu)招標準備階段，信息收集不(bu)(bu)全面(mian)、深(shen)化設(she)計深(shen)度不(bu)(bu)到位(wei)會導致(zhi)技(ji)術風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。投標過程中的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)主(zhu)要有外部(bu)環(huan)境風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、投標決(jue)(jue)策(ce)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、承包商自身(shen)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)以及業主(zhu)帶來的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；工程項(xiang)目(mu)由于市場環(huan)境不(bu)(bu)規范，施(shi)工合同比較復雜，業主(zhu)在(zai)合同中將項(xiang)目(mu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)過多(duo)的(de)轉嫁給承包商，增加(jia)承包商的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

　　（二(er)）項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)營銷階段風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)策(ce)略(lve)。（1）市場(chang)信(xin)息(xi)獲取風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。首先加強(qiang)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)信(xin)息(xi)的(de)跟蹤與(yu)篩(shai)選(xuan)(xuan)，從中篩(shai)選(xuan)(xuan)信(xin)息(xi)，減(jian)(jian)少投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)的(de)盲目(mu)(mu)性，規避錯誤信(xin)息(xi)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)；其次企業(ye)(ye)(ye)應充分認識(shi)自(zi)身(shen)實力與(yu)技術水平(ping)，注意(yi)對業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)單位考察(cha)(cha)(cha)；再(zai)次重視市場(chang)調查(cha)和(he)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)現場(chang)考察(cha)(cha)(cha)，減(jian)(jian)少施工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)變更，降低風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。（2）投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。在投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)階段風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要是控制(zhi)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)報價風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)，提(ti)高造價人員(yuan)自(zi)身(shen)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)水平(ping)和(he)素(su)質(zhi)，選(xuan)(xuan)擇合(he)理的(de)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)策(ce)略(lve)，以此增強(qiang)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)競(jing)爭力；承包商自(zi)身(shen)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)通(tong)過(guo)不斷提(ti)高企業(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)身(shen)綜合(he)實力和(he)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)信(xin)譽控制(zhi)；針對業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)帶來的(de).風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)承包商應注意(yi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)資(zi)信(xin)考察(cha)(cha)(cha)，控制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)墊資(zi)等行為。（3）合(he)同(tong)洽(qia)(qia)談(tan)(tan)與(yu)簽(qian)訂階段風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。合(he)同(tong)簽(qian)約準(zhun)備時檢查(cha)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)合(he)法(fa)性，業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)資(zi)信(xin)情況(kuang)；合(he)同(tong)洽(qia)(qia)談(tan)(tan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中注意(yi)防(fang)范(fan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)，準(zhun)確計(ji)算合(he)同(tong)價，仔細(xi)閱(yue)讀合(he)同(tong)條款，避免不公平(ping)條款，完善企業(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)身(shen)合(he)同(tong)管理制(zhi)度，在合(he)同(tong)實施的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中有效的(de)控制(zhi)合(he)同(tong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。

　　二、工程項目施工準備階段風險策略

　　（1）施工(gong)(gong)準備階段風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內容。項(xiang)目施工(gong)(gong)準備階段風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)包括項(xiang)目策劃風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和項(xiang)目施工(gong)(gong)前期準備風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)兩部分。項(xiang)目策劃是(shi)對項(xiang)目的(de)整體規劃，其風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)存在于項(xiang)目策劃的(de)各環節中(zhong)。施工(gong)(gong)前期準備是(shi)為施工(gong)(gong)建立技(ji)術和資源條件，統籌安排施工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)等工(gong)(gong)作。（2）施工(gong)(gong)準備階段風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)策略。在項(xiang)目策劃過程中(zhong)要細致徹底(di)地合(he)同交底(di)，對合(he)同中(zhong)主(zhu)要核心條款進行講解與討(tao)論(lun)；深入項(xiang)目現(xian)場(chang)了解項(xiang)目信息與現(xian)場(chang)情況；編制科學合(he)理的(de)施工(gong)(gong)組織設(she)計，對重點、關鍵工(gong)(gong)程考慮資源配置。

　　三、工程項目實施階段風險策略

　　（一(yi)）項目實施階段風險(xian)內容(rong)。建筑工程項目，尤其是大中型(xing)工程項目建設是一(yi)個(ge)復雜的(de)系統工程，實施過程中存在多種(zhong)風險(xian)，一(yi)種(zhong)為包括進度、安全、質量和技術等(deng)生產(chan)過程類風險(xian)，另一(yi)種(zhong)為包括成(cheng)本(ben)、資金、物(wu)資和設備等(deng)生產(chan)要(yao)素類風險(xian)。

　　（二(er)）項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目實(shi)(shi)施階段風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)策略。（1）生產過程(cheng)類(lei)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。為保(bao)證工(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)，工(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)(shi)施工(gong)程(cheng)中應(ying)(ying)編制(zhi)科學有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)計(ji)劃，實(shi)(shi)時監測施工(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)，依據合同中規(gui)定(ding)(ding)施工(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)和進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)責任進(jin)(jin)行(xing)進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)考核(he)；安全(quan)(quan)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)存在(zai)(zai)導致(zhi)安全(quan)(quan)事(shi)故(gu)發生，降(jiang)低(di)(di)安全(quan)(quan)事(shi)故(gu)發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概率應(ying)(ying)加強(qiang)安全(quan)(quan)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理制(zhi)度(du)(du)建(jian)設(she)，開展安全(quan)(quan)生產活動，加強(qiang)安全(quan)(quan)教育與(yu)(yu)培訓(xun)以及安全(quan)(quan)文化建(jian)設(she)；質量(liang)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)控(kong)制(zhi)從質量(liang)影響(xiang)因素(su)(su)入(ru)手，加強(qiang)人、材料、機(ji)械、方(fang)法和環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)；技(ji)(ji)術(shu)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)貫穿項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目周期始終，降(jiang)低(di)(di)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)施工(gong)前細致(zhi)做好圖紙會(hui)審(shen)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)交底和技(ji)(ji)術(shu)復核(he)工(gong)作。（2）生產要素(su)(su)類(lei)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。運用(yong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理體系進(jin)(jin)行(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)控(kong)制(zhi)，在(zai)(zai)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)形成(cheng)(cheng)過程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)預(yu)測、計(ji)劃、控(kong)制(zhi)、核(he)算(suan)、分析與(yu)(yu)考核(he)，將項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)計(ji)劃范(fan)圍內(nei)；企業應(ying)(ying)建(jian)立完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目資(zi)金管(guan)理制(zhi)度(du)(du)，在(zai)(zai)此基礎(chu)上加強(qiang)資(zi)金的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)算(suan)與(yu)(yu)計(ji)劃管(guan)理，制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)警機(ji)制(zhi)，對資(zi)金的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收支情況進(jin)(jin)行(xing)嚴(yan)(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監督和考核(he)；科學合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)避和降(jiang)低(di)(di)采購風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)首先加強(qiang)采購隊伍建(jian)設(she)，嚴(yan)(yan)加內(nei)部控(kong)制(zhi)，注(zhu)重采購過程(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)(yu)管(guan)理；合理配(pei)置(zhi)設(she)備，設(she)備在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)過程(cheng)中執(zhi)行(xing)定(ding)(ding)人、定(ding)(ding)機(ji)、定(ding)(ding)崗制(zhi)度(du)(du)，加強(qiang)機(ji)械設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)護與(yu)(yu)保(bao)養。

　　四、工程項目竣工階段風險策略

　　（1）工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段(duan)(duan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)內容(rong)。項目(mu)(mu)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段(duan)(duan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)主要(yao)包括竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收風(feng)(feng)險(xian)和(he)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)結(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)，主要(yao)體現(xian)(xian)于驗(yan)收人員(yuan)失責和(he)技(ji)術(shu)資(zi)料(liao)內容(rong)不全(quan)不真(zhen)實(shi)；結(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan)周期(qi)(qi)較長，結(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan)價(jia)款(kuan)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)錯誤等(deng)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)。（2）工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段(duan)(duan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)策略。在進行工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收前編(bian)制竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收管(guan)理(li)(li)實(shi)施細則，準備完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)驗(yan)收技(ji)術(shu)資(zi)料(liao)，并保(bao)證資(zi)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)實(shi)性，驗(yan)收合(he)格后做好工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)收尾和(he)交(jiao)接(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作；提(ti)高結(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務水平(ping)，仔細分析，全(quan)面計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)，避免出現(xian)(xian)漏項，保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)價(jia)款(kuan)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正確性。結(jie)論(lun)：本文通(tong)過對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)整個(ge)壽(shou)命周期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分析，剖(pou)析項目(mu)(mu)形(xing)成各(ge)階段(duan)(duan)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)內容(rong)，并針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)各(ge)階段(duan)(duan)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)類型(xing)提(ti)出相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)應對(dui)(dui)策略，亦期(qi)(qi)望對(dui)(dui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)在項目(mu)(mu)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)上提(ti)供有(you)效(xiao)參考和(he)依據。

　　參考文獻：

　　[1]史輝(hui)情(qing).建筑工程(cheng)項目風險管理研究(jiu)[J].工程(cheng)經濟.20xx,(10):62-66.

工程項目論文6

　　[摘 要(yao)]隨(sui)著科(ke)(ke)學技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)飛(fei)速(su)進步(bu)(bu)(bu)，我(wo)國已(yi)全面(mian)步(bu)(bu)(bu)入了信息(xi)(xi)化(hua)社會(hui)，通(tong)(tong)信行業作為科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)前沿的(de)(de)產(chan)業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)速(su)度(du)同樣(yang)驚人，并且隨(sui)著信息(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、互(hu)聯網、物聯網的(de)(de)進一步(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，通(tong)(tong)信與其(qi)他(ta)項目融合(he)程度(du)越(yue)來越(yue)高。現代(dai)化(hua)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)信技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)得到普及，各(ge)種新型的(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)(de)應用(yong)到人們(men)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)，已(yi)經成(cheng)為人們(men)生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組成(cheng)部分。因(yin)此，在新的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)時(shi)期，做好通(tong)(tong)信工程的(de)(de)建設管理工作，保障其(qi)建設的(de)(de)合(he)理性(xing)(xing)、科(ke)(ke)學性(xing)(xing)，發(fa)(fa)揮出通(tong)(tong)信技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)應用(yong)效能，使其(qi)更好地服(fu)務大眾。

　　[關鍵詞]通信工程；項目管理；質(zhi)量(liang)研究

　　1 通信工程項目質量管理概述

　　1.1 通信工(gong)程項目質(zhi)量管理內涵

　　通(tong)(tong)信(xin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)量管理，指(zhi)的(de)(de)是在通(tong)(tong)信(xin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)實施(shi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，從項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)設計、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)再到后期的(de)(de)投入使(shi)用(yong)以及(ji)維護階段(duan)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)，在遵守(shou)國家相(xiang)關(guan)規(gui)定的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，利用(yong)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)方面(mian)的(de)(de)知識來確保工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量，使(shi)其符(fu)合經濟上(shang)、質(zhi)量上(shang)以及(ji)性(xing)能上(shang)的(de)(de)一系列要求。通(tong)(tong)信(xin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量不(bu)僅與通(tong)(tong)信(xin)網絡的(de)(de)順暢使(shi)用(yong)息息相(xiang)關(guan)，而且還關(guan)系著企業的(de)(de)發展，因(yin)此(ci)，關(guan)注通(tong)(tong)信(xin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)量問題具有重要的(de)(de)意(yi)義(yi)。

　　1.2 通信工程項(xiang)目質量管理的意(yi)義

　　質量是(shi)(shi)確保(bao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可以(yi)長遠發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)有(you)效保(bao)障(zhang)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)工程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)質量管理是(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不斷發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)前提，對廣大(da)人民群眾的(de)(de)正常通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)以(yi)及(ji)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)健(jian)康發(fa)展(zhan)具有(you)十分重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)意義。注(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)工程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)質量研究，可以(yi)確保(bao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)工程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)質量足以(yi)提供便捷、快速的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)服務，提升(sheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)競爭(zheng)(zheng)力(li)，促進國民經(jing)濟的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。隨著市(shi)場經(jing)濟的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)的(de)(de)競爭(zheng)(zheng)也越(yue)來越(yue)激(ji)烈，通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)也面臨著越(yue)來越(yue)激(ji)烈的(de)(de)競爭(zheng)(zheng)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)工程(cheng)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)想在市(shi)場中處于不敗之地，長遠的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)下去，必須要(yao)高度重(zhong)視通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)工程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)質量問題，關(guan)注(zhu)(zhu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)工程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)質量具有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)現實(shi)意義。

　　1.3 通信工(gong)程項(xiang)目質量(liang)管(guan)理現狀

　　通(tong)(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)已經引(yin)起了關注與重(zhong)(zhong)視，但是，由于我國對(dui)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)這(zhe)一問題(ti)(ti)推行(xing)的(de)較晚，當然，通(tong)(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)仍然存(cun)在(zai)很(hen)多問題(ti)(ti)，主(zhu)要(yao)表現(xian)在(zai)：整個通(tong)(tong)信行(xing)業在(zai)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)沒(mei)有一個統一的(de)規范，在(zai)通(tong)(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)實施過(guo)程(cheng)中，缺乏(fa)統一有效(xiao)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)體系和方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，落后的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)觀念使得整個通(tong)(tong)信行(xing)業在(zai)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)存(cun)在(zai)一定的(de)問題(ti)(ti)；當前，很(hen)多通(tong)(tong)信企(qi)業沒(mei)有將項目(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)作為企(qi)業管理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點來抓，在(zai)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)過(guo)程(cheng)中，存(cun)在(zai)職(zhi)責劃(hua)分不明(ming)確，管理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)不到(dao)位(wei)的(de)現(xian)象；通(tong)(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)沒(mei)有連續性，對(dui)整個項目(mu)的(de)生(sheng)命周期認識(shi)不科學，無法(fa)從通(tong)(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)進行(xing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)。

　　2 通信工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)質量(liang)管理原(yuan)則

　　為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了保(bao)證通信工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，在(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)遵循以(yi)(yi)下幾點管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)：一是質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)第(di)一原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)，通信工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實施(shi)的本(ben)質(zhi)(zhi)是為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)民服務(wu)的，因(yin)此在(zai)(zai)開(kai)展過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)應該以(yi)(yi)用戶的需求為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)研究方向，堅持質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)第(di)一，從(cong)而為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)用戶提供更加良(liang)好(hao)的服務(wu)；二是以(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)核(he)心原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)，由(you)于在(zai)(zai)實施(shi)通信工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)的過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，離不開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)的努(nu)力(li)，因(yin)此要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)想做(zuo)好(hao)項(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)核(he)心，增加對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)的重視和管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)；三是以(yi)(yi)數據(ju)說話的管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)想保(bao)證質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)公平、準確。在(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用數據(ju)來證明，通信工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程是否滿足(zu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)標準；四是“以(yi)(yi)防為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)”原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)，只有做(zuo)好(hao)前(qian)期預(yu)防工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，才能在(zai)(zai)后(hou)期施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)嚴格的把關工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，因(yin)此就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)堅持“以(yi)(yi)防為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)”原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)，做(zuo)好(hao)通信工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)事(shi)前(qian)、事(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的預(yu)防工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)期施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)打下良(liang)好(hao)基(ji)礎。

　　3 通信工程項目管理的幾種經典模式分析

　　（1）項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)矩陣(zhen)結構(gou)。矩陣(zhen)組(zu)織管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不是(shi)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)功能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，它(ta)與(yu)對(dui)角線(xian)和(he)(he)(he)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)網(wang)格(ge)之(zhi)間管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)較(jiao)為(wei)相(xiang)似，其項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本原(yuan)則強調忠誠度，要(yao)求每一(yi)個(ge)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)必(bi)須根據(ju)統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)做事(shi)情，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)團(tuan)隊人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)將所有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)力(li)和(he)(he)(he)時(shi)間放在項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)上(shang)，由(you)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)相(xiang)結合。要(yao)求建立最(zui)為(wei)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)方式(shi)(shi)，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)與(yu)職能(neng)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)間融洽溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)，從而(er)才可(ke)以(yi)依(yi)據(ju)實際狀況(kuang)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)對(dui)公司(si)資(zi)源進行合理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)優化安排，進而(er)實現通(tong)(tong)信(xin)工程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)順利(li)開展，還要(yao)具備(bei)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖突解決(jue)能(neng)力(li)；可(ke)分配給多個(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)給專項(xiang)(xiang)專家和(he)(he)(he)技術骨干，在提(ti)升人(ren)(ren)力(li)資(zi)源利(li)用效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)有(you)(you)效降低工程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)成本。（2）項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)為(wei)導向。以(yi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)為(wei)導向的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，其本質上(shang)基(ji)于組(zu)織結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)象，根據(ju)對(dui)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)本身特(te)性和(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性進行嚴謹(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分析，避免(mian)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)與(yu)其他(ta)相(xiang)似產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場定位發生沖突，同時(shi)，每個(ge)成員(yuan)會(hui)將直(zhi)(zhi)接與(yu)工作(zuo)(zuo)團(tuan)隊中的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)級溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)匯報，建立最(zui)為(wei)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)方式(shi)(shi)，能(neng)夠及時(shi)撤銷不利(li)于公司(si)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，從而(er)避免(mian)更多虧損。但是(shi)，這種模(mo)式(shi)(shi)組(zu)織成本高，人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)流動快(kuai)，人(ren)(ren)才損失嚴重，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)交(jiao)換(huan)和(he)(he)(he)技術交(jiao)流比較(jiao)少。（3）團(tuan)隊或工作(zuo)(zuo)隊項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)。基(ji)于項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全權領(ling)導之(zhi)下，同時(shi)嚴格(ge)遵循公司(si)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關要(yao)求和(he)(he)(he)規(gui)定，從而(er)組(zu)成工作(zuo)(zuo)隊來實現各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)順利(li)執行。其中對(dui)于項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)高，其應具備(bei)精(jing)湛(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術，出(chu)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)。同時(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)需接受工程(cheng)處長的(de)(de)(de)(de)監督和(he)(he)(he)領(ling)導，并領(ling)導工作(zuo)(zuo)隊開展各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)工作(zuo)(zuo)任務。

　　4 當前我國通信工程質量管理的問題

　　4.1 項(xiang)目設(she)計存在問(wen)題

　　首先，在當前我國的(de)通信行(xing)業質(zhi)量管理中(zhong)，項(xiang)目(mu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)存在問題(ti)。通信工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)建設(she)(she)(she)并不(bu)簡單，需要對(dui)各(ge)個系統要素進(jin)行(xing)綜合考量。為了(le)形成(cheng)科學的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖紙，設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)人員必須對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)環境(jing)進(jin)行(xing)勘(kan)(kan)探，把握當地的(de)水文地質(zhi)環境(jing)和(he)氣候條件(jian)等(deng)等(deng)，以此為依據調整項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)圖。但是在具體設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，許(xu)多設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)人員都沒(mei)有進(jin)行(xing)實地勘(kan)(kan)查，而是根據以往經驗(yan)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案。還有一些設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)人員為了(le)趕工(gong)(gong)期，忽略了(le)實地勘(kan)(kan)察的(de)重要性，對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)產生了(le)不(bu)利(li)影(ying)響，阻礙(ai)了(le)項(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)量的(de)'提(ti)升。

　　4.2 項目建(jian)設存(cun)在問題

　　其(qi)次，在當前我國(guo)的(de)通(tong)信工程(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)管理(li)中，項(xiang)目(mu)建設存在問題(ti)。在項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)建設過程(cheng)中，想要(yao)對(dui)工程(cheng)進行(xing)質量(liang)(liang)管理(li)，需要(yao)對(dui)工作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進行(xing)管理(li)，提升(sheng)工作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)自身責任感和質量(liang)(liang)意(yi)識。隨著我國(guo)經濟的(de)不斷發展(zhan)，通(tong)信企業(ye)(ye)的(de)數量(liang)(liang)呈持(chi)續上升(sheng)的(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)，專業(ye)(ye)性人(ren)才(cai)供不應(ying)求，許多通(tong)信企業(ye)(ye)盲目(mu)聘用(yong)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)工作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)，極大地影響了工程(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)。這些(xie)工作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)由于沒有具備較(jiao)高的(de)業(ye)(ye)務素質，在施工的(de)過程(cheng)中會出現違反質量(liang)(liang)標準的(de)情況，阻礙項(xiang)目(mu)建設的(de)持(chi)續推(tui)進。endprint

　　4.3 項目驗(yan)收存在(zai)問題

　　再次(ci)(ci)，在當前我國(guo)的通信行(xing)(xing)業(ye)質(zhi)(zhi)量管理中，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)驗(yan)收(shou)存在問(wen)題。通信行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在竣工(gong)(gong)之后，需要進行(xing)(xing)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的驗(yan)收(shou)，如果驗(yan)收(shou)結果符合國(guo)家標準(zhun)，可(ke)以將項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)入使用。如果驗(yan)收(shou)結果不符合國(guo)家標準(zhun)，需要對項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進行(xing)(xing)二(er)次(ci)(ci)完善(shan)。在驗(yan)收(shou)的過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，許多工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員都沒(mei)有(you)按照嚴格的驗(yan)收(shou)流程(cheng)(cheng)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量進行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)驗(yan)，這些工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員的專業(ye)水平(ping)較低(di)，即便項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)出現(xian)了問(wen)題，驗(yan)收(shou)人(ren)員也無法發現(xian)其(qi)中的質(zhi)(zhi)量缺陷，這就給項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)留下(xia)了安全隱患，如建筑物塌陷等等。

　　5 項目管理在通信工程中的應用措施

　　5.1 明確項(xiang)目質量管理目標(biao)

　　只有(you)確(que)定質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)目(mu)標(biao)，才能更(geng)好地開展(zhan)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)工(gong)作。因此在通(tong)(tong)信(xin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，首先就要(yao)建(jian)(jian)立明確(que)的(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)目(mu)標(biao)。通(tong)(tong)信(xin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)是(shi)一(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)系統化的(de)大工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，在建(jian)(jian)設過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)不僅出(chu)現了(le)個(ge)多個(ge)承(cheng)包(bao)關(guan)系，更(geng)出(chu)現了(le)多個(ge)承(cheng)包(bao)商，因此在明確(que)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)目(mu)標(biao)的(de)基礎上(shang)，應(ying)該將最終目(mu)標(biao)下傳(chuan)至每一(yi)個(ge)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)承(cheng)包(bao)商，并(bing)根據(ju)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)每一(yi)個(ge)分項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)技術難度、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制重點，實現對通(tong)(tong)信(xin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)不同項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)目(mu)標(biao)的(de)細化，并(bing)制定出(chu)具體(ti)的(de)書面交底和質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)保證措施，明確(que)在分項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，施工(gong)人員應(ying)該承(cheng)擔的(de)責任(ren)，從而提高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)有(you)效性。

　　5.2 加強對項目質(zhi)量驗收工作的控制

　　通(tong)常情況下，驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)環節是通(tong)信(xin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)最(zui)后(hou)一(yi)個(ge)環節，也是保證(zheng)通(tong)信(xin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量最(zui)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)環節，只有(you)好(hao)最(zui)后(hou)的(de)(de)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)工(gong)(gong)作才(cai)能實(shi)現對(dui)(dui)通(tong)信(xin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)質量控(kong)制(zhi)，因此相(xiang)關工(gong)(gong)作人員就(jiu)應該提(ti)高對(dui)(dui)通(tong)信(xin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)環節的(de)(de)重視，從細節入手，做(zuo)好(hao)每一(yi)項(xiang)分(fen)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)工(gong)(gong)作。這就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊(dui)(dui)伍要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)以下幾(ji)方面工(gong)(gong)作：一(yi)是借助自我驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)發現問題(ti)，由于在加強對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場的(de)(de)管理(li)下，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)仍可(ke)能出(chu)現失誤，自我驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)能夠及(ji)時(shi)(shi)發現在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中忽略(lve)的(de)(de)問題(ti)，并進行有(you)效的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)與解決，減小后(hou)期事(shi)故發生率；二是邀請專(zhuan)業驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)隊(dui)(dui)伍進行驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)，專(zhuan)業驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)隊(dui)(dui)伍有(you)著豐富的(de)(de)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)經驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，能夠更加細致的(de)(de)發現在通(tong)信(xin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中存在的(de)(de)問題(ti)，從而實(shi)現對(dui)(dui)整體通(tong)信(xin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量的(de)(de)管理(li)與控(kong)制(zhi)。

　　5.3 提升企業管理水(shui)平

　　通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)通(tong)信(xin)工程(cheng)監(jian)理行業運用IT生(sheng)(sheng)產管(guan)(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)情況上來看，大多(duo)數企業已經意識到了IT生(sheng)(sheng)產管(guan)(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)對(dui)提升(sheng)企業管(guan)(guan)理水平的(de)(de)重要性，對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)產管(guan)(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)資金投(tou)(tou)入較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)，并且(qie)取得(de)了較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)資回(hui)報(bao)率。通(tong)信(xin)工程(cheng)監(jian)理行業通(tong)過(guo)引(yin)入IT生(sheng)(sheng)產管(guan)(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，改(gai)變(bian)了傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理模式，確保了監(jian)理工作的(de)(de)科學化和規(gui)范化，優化了業務生(sheng)(sheng)產流程(cheng)，提高(gao)了信(xin)息的(de)(de)真(zhen)實性和完整性，增強了監(jian)理行業的(de)(de)整體行業競爭(zheng)力。

　　5.4 視項目質量監督管(guan)理

　　重(zhong)視(shi)通(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)質量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)是控制(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)質量(liang)重(zhong)要手段。近年來，出現(xian)了多起通(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)事(shi)故，其(qi)主要原因就是缺(que)少完(wan)善(shan)的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)機制(zhi)(zhi)，無法實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)對(dui)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)質量(liang)的全(quan)面控制(zhi)(zhi)。因此為了保證通(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)質量(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作能夠發(fa)揮良好的作用(yong)，企業和(he)相關管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)部(bu)門就應(ying)該建立完(wan)善(shan)的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)機制(zhi)(zhi)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)嚴(yan)格的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。同(tong)時(shi)在建立監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)機制(zhi)(zhi)，嚴(yan)格管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)應(ying)該考慮到(dao)通(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際情況，了解通(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)，從而把各項監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)都落實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)處，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)從初始階段至最終階段的全(quan)面監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)，提高監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)有效性。

　　6 結束語

　　綜上所述，通(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)質量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)對(dui)通(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)乃至通(tong)信事業(ye)的(de)發展(zhan)都具有(you)十分(fen)重要的(de)意(yi)義，相關單位在進行通(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)建設時(shi)要加(jia)(jia)強對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)整體規(gui)劃，加(jia)(jia)強質量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，力爭將通(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)做到最好，促進通(tong)信工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)事業(ye)的(de)發展(zhan)。

　　參考文獻

　　[1] 黃爽.通(tong)信工程建設項目中(zhong)的質量(liang)管理[J].數字(zi)通(tong)信世界，20xx，04：109+111.

　　[2] 張(zhang)昕.通信工程項目的質量管理研究[J].電腦迷，20xx，04：150.

　　[3] 張一博(bo)，楊清，陽廣濤.淺(qian)談通信工程項目的質(zhi)量管理[J].南方農機，20xx，03：121+128.

　　[4] 李清明.通信(xin)工程(cheng)管理在項目中的(de)應(ying)用[J].信(xin)息(xi)通信(xin)，20xx，01：217-218.

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工程項目論文7

　　一、精細化管理在工程項目中的實際運用問題

　　1.工(gong)程項目管(guan)理(li)機制不健(jian)全

　　部分承(cheng)包單位存(cun)在(zai)著工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作沒有(you)(you)(you)建(jian)立健(jian)全施工(gong)(gong)(gong)與安全的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)規章(zhang)制度(du)，沒有(you)(you)(you)把精(jing)細化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)先進(jin)管(guan)(guan)理理念應(ying)用到工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)實(shi)(shi)際建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中，造成(cheng)了(le)(le)不(bu)能對(dui)(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)預算和項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中各(ge)個施工(gong)(gong)(gong)環節(jie)的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本進(jin)行有(you)(you)(you)效管(guan)(guan)控，從而導致工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)預算超支的(de)(de)現(xian)象時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)發生。由于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)精(jing)細化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理機制不(bu)健(jian)全，從而造成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)預算與工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)現(xian)場實(shi)(shi)際情況不(bu)一致，為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)產生了(le)(le)很多的(de)(de)不(bu)安全因素。還存(cun)在(zai)著工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理人員沒有(you)(you)(you)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)場地的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況進(jin)行實(shi)(shi)地考查，對(dui)(dui)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)用地的(de)(de)現(xian)實(shi)(shi)情形不(bu)了(le)(le)解，導致精(jing)細化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)規章(zhang)制度(du)在(zai)現(xian)實(shi)(shi)情況下操作困難，沒有(you)(you)(you)達到精(jing)細化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理要求。承(cheng)包單位的(de)(de)一些建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人素質(zhi)低(di)，不(bu)能熟練掌(zhang)握(wo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)精(jing)度(du)與專業(ye)技術，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)質(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準沒有(you)(you)(you)達到國家規定(ding)或(huo)行業(ye)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準，造成(cheng)了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)不(bu)達標(biao)(biao)[1]。

　　2.工(gong)程項目管理信息化應(ying)用不充分

　　工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)信息(xi)化(hua)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)精細(xi)(xi)化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)著重(zhong)要作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。可以進(jin)一步提高(gao)精細(xi)(xi)化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效(xiao)率，可以對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本控(kong)制(zhi)、建設(she)周(zhou)期、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度及時掌握，根據實際(ji)情況，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)精細(xi)(xi)化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)細(xi)(xi)節上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不足進(jin)行(xing)(xing)調整(zheng)，極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)促進(jin)了精細(xi)(xi)化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積極作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。然而(er)(er)，部分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人員沒有(you)(you)充分認識網絡信息(xi)技術對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，不熟悉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)信息(xi)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)設(she)備，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建設(she)中(zhong)未(wei)能充分利用(yong)智能化(hua)監(jian)控(kong)設(she)備，沒有(you)(you)對(dui)建設(she)場地(di)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)效(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)，從而(er)(er)造成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)預算(suan)沒有(you)(you)得到落實執行(xing)(xing)，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建設(she)中(zhong)沒有(you)(you)科學合理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)信息(xi)技術，對(dui)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精細(xi)(xi)化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)帶來了不利影響。

　　3.工程項目(mu)建設(she)中管理工作不到位

　　精細化管理(li)能夠進一步對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)實現成本(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)，確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設始(shi)終(zhong)處在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)預算之(zhi)內(nei)。然(ran)而(er)，部(bu)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)人員沒有(you)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的各個施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)場(chang)地進行深入(ru)了(le)解，沒有(you)把精細化管理(li)理(li)念融入(ru)到各項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)規章(zhang)制(zhi)度中并(bing)嚴(yan)格執行，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)物(wu)資(zi)(zi)采購時，只關注物(wu)資(zi)(zi)價格，忽視了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)物(wu)資(zi)(zi)質量(liang)，從而(er)造成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設質量(liang)無法得到保證，如果(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設完畢無法通過質量(liang)驗收，將給企業帶來不(bu)可估量(liang)的經濟利(li)益(yi)損失。還存在(zai)著對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設中各種(zhong)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具管理(li)不(bu)細致(zhi)，建(jian)設場(chang)地中各種(zhong)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具隨意擺(bai)放，對(dui)各類型(xing)的機械設備的維修(xiu)與養護工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)也粗放管理(li)，不(bu)僅加大(da)了(le)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的建(jian)設成本(ben)，也為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設留下了(le)安全隱患(huan)[2]。

　　二、精細化管理在工程項目中的實際運用措施

　　1.加強(qiang)工(gong)程項目(mu)精(jing)細(xi)化管(guan)理(li)理(li)念

　　要不斷增強工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員的精(jing)細管理(li)(li)意識，抓好工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)中每一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)微(wei)小的細節，嚴格控制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)預(yu)算(suan)，設(she)(she)定切實(shi)可(ke)行(xing)的各(ge)(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)實(shi)施(shi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標方案，并全程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)監(jian)督管理(li)(li)，隨時(shi)檢查，做到充分把(ba)精(jing)細化管理(li)(li)理(li)(li)念(nian)與各(ge)(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)規章制(zhi)度(du)(du)有(you)機(ji)結合起來，各(ge)(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)制(zhi)度(du)(du)的貫徹落(luo)實(shi)有(you)專(zhuan)人(ren)(ren)負責，有(you)專(zhuan)人(ren)(ren)監(jian)督，并對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)場地的信息進(jin)行(xing)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)匯(hui)總(zong)，時(shi)刻掌握工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)進(jin)度(du)(du)與預(yu)算(suan)執(zhi)行(xing)情況，從而(er)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步控制(zhi)成本支(zhi)出。由于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)往(wang)往(wang)涉及(ji)(ji)很多(duo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)個(ge)(ge)體(ti)與部門，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員要掌握工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)方法和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)作(zuo)風(feng)，積極的對各(ge)(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)個(ge)(ge)體(ti)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)各(ge)(ge)(ge)門進(jin)行(xing)組織協(xie)調(diao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)順利(li)進(jin)行(xing)，另外(wai)，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)中，要嚴格把(ba)握項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)[3]。

　　2.健全工程項目(mu)精(jing)細化管理組(zu)織(zhi)結構

　　為了(le)實(shi)現(xian)精(jing)細化管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)在工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)實(shi)際運用(yong)中制(zhi)定的目(mu)標(biao)，應(ying)該建(jian)(jian)(jian)立專(zhuan)門的組織機構(gou)，進(jin)(jin)一步加強對工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)中的各(ge)(ge)個(ge)環節的有(you)效管(guan)(guan)(guan)控。通過優化精(jing)細化管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機制(zhi)，進(jin)(jin)一步明確管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機構(gou)的權限(xian)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)轄(xia)范圍，層層明確各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)精(jing)細化管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)目(mu)標(biao)并簽署(shu)責任書，與(yu)施工(gong)(gong)個(ge)體(ti)要把(ba)工(gong)(gong)程預算落(luo)實(shi)到施工(gong)(gong)合同中，設(she)定切實(shi)可行(xing)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)操作流程，并全(quan)程進(jin)(jin)行(xing)監督管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，隨(sui)時檢查，做到各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)中各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作落(luo)到實(shi)處(chu)。

　　3.完善(shan)工程項(xiang)目精細化管理(li)機(ji)制

　　工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)精細化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)要(yao)從工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)材料、預算、機械設備、技術(shu)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊等各個方面(mian)各個環節(jie)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)精細化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)現場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)指導與(yu)(yu)監督職能(neng)，要(yao)進一步建立健(jian)全(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建設精細化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)細則，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作規范化(hua)(hua)、系統化(hua)(hua)、標準化(hua)(hua)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)深入(ru)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)調查研究，組織專業人(ren)員(yuan)制定切實(shi)(shi)可行(xing)并(bing)貼合實(shi)(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)`精細化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方案(an)，把工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)量納入(ru)到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中，從而使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建設質(zhi)量與(yu)(yu)進度得到(dao)有效(xiao)保證，并(bing)隨時排(pai)查管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建設實(shi)(shi)際情況(kuang)中存在的(de)(de)(de)不足，并(bing)根(gen)據排(pai)查出的(de)(de)(de)不足采取切實(shi)(shi)可行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施加以修正，切實(shi)(shi)做到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)精細化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)各項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)要(yao)求，并(bing)全(quan)面(mian)提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建設各項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。

　　三、結語

　　要把精細(xi)(xi)化管理(li)(li)理(li)(li)念的(de)要求運用到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)建設(she)中(zhong)，從而在保質保量(liang)(liang)的(de)完成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)建設(she)的(de)同時(shi)，最大限度的(de)科學細(xi)(xi)化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)建設(she)中(zhong)的(de)各(ge)項(xiang)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環節，通過合理(li)(li)的(de)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與(yu)細(xi)(xi)化，從而加強工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)質量(liang)(liang)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)成本(ben)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)安全(quan)等全(quan)方面得到(dao)有效監管，促進(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)全(quan)面提高，實現企業(ye)經濟效益最大化。

　　參考文獻：

　　[1]薛飛.房地產企業工程項目精(jing)細化管理問題分(fen)析(xi)[J].經營管理者,20xx,5:343.

　　[2]黃慧.論實施工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)精(jing)細化(hua)管理對提升(sheng)項目(mu)成本效益的作(zuo)用[J].建(jian)筑知識,20xx,1:199-200.

　　[3]林武(wu)星.論(lun)工程(cheng)項目精細化(hua)管理對工程(cheng)資料的(de)指導意義及成本影響[J].工程(cheng)建設(she)與設(she)計,20xx,18:183-184.

工程項目論文8

　　隨(sui)著(zhu)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展和城市(shi)化建(jian)設進程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加快，人(ren)們對(dui)于(yu)生活水平與住(zhu)房質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)追求(qiu)越(yue)來越(yue)高(gao)， 因(yin)此對(dui)房屋(wu)建(jian)設不斷提出更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。房屋(wu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目建(jian)設當中重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)部分， 要想(xiang)保(bao)證房屋(wu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管理與控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)非(fei)常重(zhong)要， 是決(jue)定房屋(wu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵因(yin)素(su)。我國建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行業近幾年處(chu)于(yu)一個高(gao)速(su)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時期，施工(gong)(gong)規模不斷擴(kuo)大，施工(gong)(gong)技術日益(yi)完善， 但是對(dui)于(yu)房屋(wu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管理與控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)仍然存(cun)在有一些問(wen)題影響著(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)水平。本文主要對(dui)房屋(wu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管理與控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)進行研究(jiu)，作(zuo)如下報告。

　　1 房屋建筑工程中的質量管理與控制存在的問題

　　1. 1 管(guan)理人員缺乏質量管(guan)理意識

　　從我(wo)國的(de)(de)房屋建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理來看(kan)，施工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理人員質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理意識薄弱是一個(ge)較為嚴重的(de)(de)問題。由(you)于我(wo)國的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行業準(zhun)入(ru)門檻較低，國內大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、中型(xing)(xing)(xing)、小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)單位(wei)眾多(duo)， 由(you)于近(jin)些年建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行業利潤的(de)(de)吸引，導致許多(duo)人涌入(ru)到建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行業當中。因此就造成了(le)我(wo)國中小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)整體管(guan)(guan)理水平低的(de)(de)現(xian)象， 許多(duo)施工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理人員本身缺乏(fa)較為專業的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理技能，也(ye)缺乏(fa)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理意識，在施工(gong)(gong)中難(nan)以對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進行正確的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理與危(wei)機判斷(duan)。這(zhe)就為工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設埋下了(le)許多(duo)隱患， 危(wei)害工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)，影響(xiang)施工(gong)(gong)效率(lv)。

　　1. 2 質量管理(li)制度不健(jian)全(quan)

　　我國的(de)(de)建筑行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)快速發展導致了許(xu)多問(wen)題的(de)(de)產生，許(xu)多企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)盲目的(de)(de)投身(shen)于建筑行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)， 其本(ben)身(shen)并未建立起(qi)完(wan)善的(de)(de)、科學的(de)(de)質量(liang)管理體系，甚至管理“無質量(liang)”嚴(yan)重。許(xu)多施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位的(de)(de)質量(liang)管理制度(du)建設(she)缺乏科學依據，在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中難以對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)形成指(zhi)導作用，許(xu)多制度(du)在制定出(chu)以后甚至根本(ben)沒(mei)有實施(shi)(shi)過，只是作為一個口號，作為施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)形象(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。這就會導致施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)質量(liang)管理存在嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)問(wen)題， 在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中難以形成有效的(de)(de)質量(liang)控制，從而危害(hai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)，影響(xiang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)效益。

　　1. 3 政府相關單位(wei)的監管、執法力度低

　　就我(wo)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)監(jian)管(guan)來(lai)說，具有較(jiao)為(wei)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)地域差別，某些地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)作(zuo)用相對較(jiao)為(wei)明(ming)顯， 能(neng)夠有效實(shi)現(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)與審查。但是有些地區(qu)，尤其是偏(pian)遠(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)城市或者縣區(qu)， 政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)職能(neng)難(nan)(nan)以(yi)發揮， 導(dao)(dao)致許多建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)質(zhi)量問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)。除(chu)了在法律法規的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定以(yi)及監(jian)督管(guan)理(li)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)'執(zhi)(zhi)行力(li)度較(jiao)差外， 還表現(xian)為(wei)對于(yu)一(yi)些違法違規的(de)(de)(de)施工單(dan)位和承(cheng)包單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)執(zhi)(zhi)法力(li)度低， 難(nan)(nan)以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本職能(neng)。這(zhe)就導(dao)(dao)致我(wo)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)房屋建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)施工缺乏有力(li)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)，施工單(dan)位質(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)混亂。

　　1. 4 施工(gong)單位(wei)一味追求施工(gong)速度，忽視質(zhi)量管理

　　許多(duo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)更加(jia)注(zhu)重(zhong)眼前的(de)(de)利益，表現(xian)(xian)為過度(du)重(zhong)視施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)速(su)度(du)， 從(cong)而忽(hu)視了施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量問(wen)題(ti)， 一味地追求快速(su)完成施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)， 結果導致施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑的(de)(de)質(zhi)量不過關， 最終造成了更大的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)損失。目前施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)當中(zhong)(zhong)普遍采用的(de)(de)是多(duo)勞多(duo)得的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作方(fang)式， 這就導致施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員本身在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)很容易出(chu)現(xian)(xian)由于為了追求速(su)度(du)而忽(hu)略施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)沒有重(zhong)視到這些(xie)內容，而是更加(jia)注(zhu)重(zhong)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益，因此很容易出(chu)現(xian)(xian)質(zhi)量管(guan)理意識淡薄(bo)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，給工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)帶來質(zhi)量隱患。

　　2 房屋建筑工程中增強工程質量管理與控制的措施

　　2. 1 強(qiang)化管理(li)人員的質量管理(li)意識

　　在房屋(wu)建筑工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)， 管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員對于質(zhi)量(liang)的監督和管(guan)(guan)理(li)對于工(gong)程本(ben)身的質(zhi)量(liang)具(ju)(ju)有非常重要(yao)的作(zuo)用。因此施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)在進行管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員任選的時候必須要(yao)本(ben)著(zhu)以下(xia)兩(liang)點原(yuan)則進行選擇(ze): 第(di)一(yi)(yi)，管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員應(ying)當具(ju)(ju)有一(yi)(yi)定的質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)技能(neng)，能(neng)夠(gou)對房屋(wu)工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)計(ji)劃以及(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員進行有效的質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，當施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)出(chu)現質(zhi)量(liang)問題時能(neng)夠(gou)提出(chu)科學、高效的解決措施(shi)(shi)。第(di)二(er)，管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員應(ying)當具(ju)(ju)有質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)意識(shi)，管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員要(yao)時刻以工(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)為基本(ben)工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)則，能(neng)夠(gou)對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)的問題和質(zhi)量(liang)把控有著(zhu)敏(min)銳的嗅覺(jue)，及(ji)時發現施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)的質(zhi)量(liang)問題。

　　2. 2 建立完(wan)善的施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量管理制度

　　施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)應當(dang)(dang)(dang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立起科學完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體系，要(yao)(yao)(yao)能(neng)夠(gou)應用的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)房(fang)屋(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)，對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作進行(xing)有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。對(dui)于施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)而言，科學完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立對(dui)于高質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設具(ju)有非常重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義(yi)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)將施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)每一個環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)都落實(shi)到質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)， 進行(xing)嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)和控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。同時施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)與(yu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)并不是(shi)一成不變的(de)(de)(de)(de)， 應當(dang)(dang)(dang)根據具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情況進行(xing)調(diao)整，隨時制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)最適合工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，從(cong)而實(shi)現(xian)對(dui)房(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)將質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)與(yu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)貫穿與(yu)整個房(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)還(huan)應當(dang)(dang)(dang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立起晚上的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)檢(jian)測(ce)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)相結合，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)以及施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完成以后都需要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進行(xing)有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)檢(jian)查，從(cong)而防(fang)止質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)，為房(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設打下基礎。

　　2. 3 加強政府部門的(de)監督管(guan)理與執(zhi)法力度

　　對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)政(zheng)(zheng)府部門來(lai)說，首先(xian)應當(dang)加強關于(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量監(jian)督與(yu)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律法(fa)規的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設，從而實現房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量監(jian)督管(guan)(guan)理有法(fa)可依(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局面形(xing)成。其次要加強對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)， 包(bao)括工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)申報、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)、以(yi)(yi)及(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)完成后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量檢查都需要進行嚴格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督和管(guan)(guan)理， 加大(da)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)控。最后(hou)要加強對(dui)(dui)違法(fa)、違規現象以(yi)(yi)及(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理執行力度，通過加強對(dui)(dui)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)中質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量不合格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強有力處理提升(sheng)整體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量水平(ping)。明確(que)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任與(yu)義務，以(yi)(yi)便(bian)在出現問題以(yi)(yi)后(hou)將責任明確(que)到某個負責單位或者負責人身(shen)上。通過政(zheng)(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理與(yu)調(diao)控， 降低由于(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理與(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量問題所(suo)導致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生，提高整體工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量。

　　2. 4 強化(hua)施工(gong)監理單位的監控職能

　　在(zai)房(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程項(xiang)目中(zhong)， 施(shi)工(gong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)是(shi)實(shi)現(xian)其(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要組成部分之一，具有(you)對工(gong)程項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督和(he)考察的(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)能。我(wo)國近些(xie)(xie)年(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑行業發(fa)展(zhan)迅速，因(yin)此施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)等各(ge)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設都很不完善(shan)。從目前監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)情況而言，一方(fang)面競(jing)爭較為激(ji)烈，各(ge)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)之間(jian)水平層次差(cha)異(yi)較大，有(you)些(xie)(xie)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)難以發(fa)揮(hui)其(qi)基本(ben)職(zhi)(zhi)能。另一方(fang)面，我(wo)國監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)市場尚未建(jian)(jian)(jian)立起完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度體系， 因(yin)此缺乏規(gui)范性， 許多監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人員素質(zhi)偏(pian)低， 使監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)難以發(fa)揮(hui)作(zuo)用，甚至有(you)些(xie)(xie)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)“代替監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象，嚴重(zhong)影響了(le)房(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程項(xiang)目質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。所以要想實(shi)現(xian)房(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)與(yu)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)完善(shan)，強化(hua)施(shi)工(gong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)能是(shi)必要條件，是(shi)必須貫(guan)徹實(shi)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

　　3 結束語

　　綜上所述，質(zhi)量管理(li)(li)與(yu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對于房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建筑(zhu)工(gong)程項(xiang)目的(de)(de)施工(gong)質(zhi)量具有非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。作(zuo)為一項(xiang)綜合性的(de)(de)管理(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)， 房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建筑(zhu)施工(gong)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量管理(li)(li)與(yu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并不是某一方(fang)(fang)經過(guo)努(nu)力就可以實(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)，而(er)是要(yao)通過(guo)多(duo)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)合作(zuo)，包括施工(gong)單位(wei)(wei)、監理(li)(li)單位(wei)(wei)、政府部門等共同參(can)與(yu)。要(yao)將施工(gong)質(zhi)量管理(li)(li)與(yu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)落實(shi)到(dao)(dao)實(shi)處， 采(cai)用科學、合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法進(jin)行(xing)管理(li)(li)與(yu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，同時要(yao)結合實(shi)際的(de)(de)施工(gong)情況(kuang)，只(zhi)有做到(dao)(dao)了(le)以上這些，才(cai)能將房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建筑(zhu)工(gong)程項(xiang)目中的(de)(de)質(zhi)量管理(li)(li)與(yu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)做到(dao)(dao)位(wei)(wei)，才(cai)能建設起真正(zheng)高質(zhi)量的(de)(de)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建筑(zhu)工(gong)程。

工程項目論文9

　　摘要：隨著經濟的(de)迅猛發展以及城鎮化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)的(de)加快，我國建筑業(ye)也進(jin)入快速發展階段。筆(bi)者主要分析了目(mu)前建筑工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管(guan)理存(cun)在的(de)問題，并提(ti)出了相(xiang)應的(de)對策，希望(wang)可(ke)以對未(wei)來施(shi)(shi)工(gong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管(guan)理工(gong)作起到(dao)一定的(de)指導作用(yong)，幫(bang)助施(shi)(shi)工(gong)企業(ye)做好風險預測工(gong)作。

　　關鍵詞：建筑工(gong)程；施工(gong)施工(gong)管理(li)；問題；對策

　　在(zai)建筑(zhu)行業(ye)競爭激烈的今天，建筑(zhu)企(qi)業(ye)都在(zai)積極(ji)尋(xun)求能夠降低(di)成本(ben)、縮(suo)短(duan)工(gong)期、保(bao)證工(gong)程質量(liang)的方(fang)法，希(xi)望借(jie)此(ci)來提高建筑(zhu)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)市場中(zhong)的競爭力，雖然近些年建筑(zhu)行業(ye)的安全形(xing)勢逐(zhu)步趨(qu)于(yu)穩定(ding)，但(dan)是(shi)其中(zhong)還是(shi)存在(zai)著許(xu)多問題，對(dui)于(yu)建筑(zhu)行業(ye)來說，加(jia)(jia)強施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管(guan)理(li)是(shi)保(bao)障工(gong)程質量(liang)的最主要(yao)方(fang)式之一。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)與施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管(guan)理(li)分不開，優化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管(guan)理(li)，才可以保(bao)證施(shi)(shi)工(gong)順利進行，加(jia)(jia)強施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管(guan)理(li)，是(shi)促進建筑(zhu)向前發(fa)展的有(you)效(xiao)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。

　　１當前建筑施工管理中存在的問題

　　１．１施工管(guan)理模式沒有與時(shi)俱進(jin)

　　隨著(zhu)時代的(de)(de)(de)進步、科技的(de)(de)(de)發展，城市發展日新(xin)月異(yi)，一(yi)成不(bu)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)模式(shi)顯然已經(jing)不(bu)能適應當前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)發展。由于企(qi)業(ye)中對建筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)模式(shi)不(bu)夠(gou)重(zhong)視以及沒有及時響(xiang)應變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)需求，許多企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)還(huan)在運用以前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)模式(shi)進行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)，導致施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)混亂，內部機構之間(jian)沒有明(ming)確的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)責劃分、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)范圍(wei)，大大增加了施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)難度，導致施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)滯后、決策不(bu)具有科學性(xing)與可操作性(xing)，降低了整體施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作效率(lv)，延緩了整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)進程(cheng)。

　　１．２安(an)全生產責任(ren)落(luo)實不到位(wei)

　　一(yi)些(xie)施(shi)工企業(ye)通過(guo)制定(ding)一(yi)系(xi)列的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)要求以(yi)及(ji)規章制度(du)，借(jie)此來(lai)實(shi)現安全生(sheng)產監督(du)管理(li)，但是建筑(zhu)工程系(xi)統本(ben)身是極其(qi)復雜的(de)，這直(zhi)(zhi)接導致了(le)(le)(le)所(suo)制定(ding)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)規范和規章制度(du)很(hen)難實(shi)現。缺乏科(ke)學合理(li)的(de)安全生(sheng)產章程，就(jiu)不能(neng)對安全生(sheng)產有(you)(you)效監督(du)管理(li)。與(yu)此同時，一(yi)些(xie)沒有(you)(you)責任心的(de)分包商，把施(shi)工安全管理(li)當成了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)種形式，這也(ye)直(zhi)(zhi)接導致了(le)(le)(le)施(shi)工現場出現混亂，給施(shi)工的(de)整個(ge)過(guo)程留下了(le)(le)(le)極大的(de).隱患。

　　１．３材(cai)料的管(guan)理存(cun)在漏洞

　　部分(fen)(fen)企(qi)業在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)過程中，材(cai)料(liao)方面(mian)存(cun)在(zai)偷工(gong)減料(liao)行為(wei)，將昂(ang)貴建(jian)筑材(cai)料(liao)更(geng)換為(wei)廉價材(cai)料(liao)，雖然外表上(shang)無(wu)(wu)明(ming)顯(xian)差別，但是(shi)質量上(shang)存(cun)在(zai)嚴重差距，也為(wei)建(jian)筑埋(mai)下了很多安全隱患，甚至會危及(ji)人的生命。部分(fen)(fen)企(qi)業對于材(cai)料(liao)的檢(jian)查(cha)也存(cun)在(zai)著一(yi)些(xie)漏(lou)洞(dong)，由于材(cai)料(liao)在(zai)前期并無(wu)(wu)明(ming)顯(xian)影響，部分(fen)(fen)企(qi)業的施(shi)工(gong)材(cai)料(liao)管(guan)理人員對經(jing)過長(chang)時間(jian)運輸，可能(neng)存(cun)在(zai)損壞的材(cai)料(liao)并沒有(you)(you)進行嚴格(ge)的檢(jian)查(cha)，損壞的材(cai)料(liao)一(yi)旦運用(yong)到建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)中，會留(liu)下安全隱患。沒有(you)(you)認(ren)真研究(jiu)材(cai)料(liao)的存(cun)儲(chu)環境(jing)、管(guan)理方法等，材(cai)料(liao)管(guan)理方面(mian)還存(cun)在(zai)很多的漏(lou)洞(dong)。

　　１．４建筑工程(cheng)施工過(guo)程(cheng)中存在(zai)的(de)問題

　　建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術有(you)了明顯(xian)的(de)(de)改(gai)善，但是在(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)石(shi)方施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、鋼(gang)筋施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和其他施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方面(mian)(mian)仍然(ran)需要(yao)改(gai)善。在(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)石(shi)方施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中，主要(yao)看(kan)能否采取支護(hu)和防(fang)排水手段(duan)，同時注意開挖面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)暴曬時間長短問題(ti)(ti)；在(zai)(zai)(zai)鋼(gang)筋施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中，主要(yao)針(zhen)對鋼(gang)筋的(de)(de)質量、材(cai)質、規格的(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)，保障鋼(gang)筋能夠符合(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)需要(yao)，鋼(gang)筋的(de)(de)強度(du)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)復雜(za)程(cheng)度(du)，鋼(gang)筋的(de)(de)質量出(chu)現(xian)(xian)問題(ti)(ti)，將會導致建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)質量問題(ti)(ti)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)現(xian)(xian)場施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)中存在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)主要(yao)是缺(que)乏有(you)效的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)手段(duan)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)意識(shi)薄(bo)弱，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位對安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)視不(bu)(bu)足。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位在(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)方面(mian)(mian)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)缺(que)失表現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場沒(mei)有(you)設置安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)防(fang)護(hu)標示(shi)，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)足。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位在(zai)(zai)(zai)建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量上缺(que)少嚴格的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)機制(zhi)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監督不(bu)(bu)健全(quan)(quan)，沒(mei)有(you)形成一個安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)有(you)效的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)方案(an)，同時還有(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)操作中不(bu)(bu)規范、程(cheng)序(xu)混亂等，嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影響著施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量。

　　２提高施工管理水平的對策

　　２．１安全管理問題的措(cuo)施

　　施工(gong)管理(li)中應該(gai)重(zhong)點強調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是安(an)全(quan)管理(li)問(wen)題(ti)。首先要樹立(li)安(an)全(quan)意識(shi)，注重(zhong)安(an)全(quan)施工(gong)管理(li)，避(bi)免(mian)事(shi)故發(fa)生(sheng)。其次，施工(gong)管理(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)要對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)項目定(ding)(ding)期(qi)檢查，確(que)保安(an)全(quan)；對(dui)工(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)要進(jin)行(xing)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)培(pei)訓(xun)，提(ti)(ti)升他(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)意識(shi)和(he)自身保護能(neng)(neng)力，事(shi)故發(fa)生(sheng)時(shi)(shi)知道如何采(cai)取(qu)措施，保證損失(shi)最小。在進(jin)行(xing)安(an)全(quan)管理(li)過程(cheng)中，一定(ding)(ding)要注意做好日常的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查工(gong)作(zuo)，發(fa)現(xian)問(wen)題(ti)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)解決，充(chong)分(fen)進(jin)行(xing)責任(ren)劃分(fen)，將(jiang)安(an)全(quan)責任(ren)落實到(dao)每個人身上，對(dui)工(gong)作(zuo)情況進(jin)行(xing)監督，從而消除潛在的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患。要時(shi)(shi)刻進(jin)行(xing)安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)宣傳工(gong)作(zuo)，促使工(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)(ti)高安(an)全(quan)意識(shi)，在施工(gong)時(shi)(shi)嚴格遵(zun)守安(an)全(quan)規(gui)范(fan)。在進(jin)行(xing)一些具有(you)高危工(gong)種人員(yuan)(yuan)選拔時(shi)(shi)，一定(ding)(ding)要求持有(you)相(xiang)關證件，并(bing)且通過了相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術培(pei)訓(xun)和(he)考(kao)核。同時(shi)(shi)可以(yi)(yi)設立(li)獎懲制度，樹立(li)榜(bang)樣，提(ti)(ti)高積(ji)極性，對(dui)違規(gui)、有(you)安(an)全(quan)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)項目及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)制止(zhi)并(bing)予以(yi)(yi)懲罰，防止(zhi)事(shi)故發(fa)生(sheng)。建筑(zhu)施工(gong)安(an)全(quan)管理(li)水平(ping)提(ti)(ti)升時(shi)(shi)，建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)、質量才能(neng)(neng)得到(dao)提(ti)(ti)升。

　　２．２加強材料與機械設備管控工作

　　施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場材料(liao)(liao)管理與控制也是工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要工(gong)(gong)(gong)作內容，一(yi)方(fang)面做好材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)采購(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，及時查(cha)漏補缺；另一(yi)方(fang)面監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師要對材料(liao)(liao)進行(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)驗收與評(ping)定。質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)材料(liao)(liao)是土木工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要保(bao)證。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)材料(liao)(liao)從生(sheng)產(chan)到(dao)使(shi)用(yong)每(mei)一(yi)個(ge)環節必須落實責任。避免出現(xian)(xian)責任不(bu)清晰，使(shi)不(bu)法分子渾水(shui)摸魚，從中漁利的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象。同時機械設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和使(shi)用(yong)也非常重(zhong)(zhong)要，機械設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選購(gou)和租賃必須要考慮性(xing)能，操作性(xing)等重(zhong)(zhong)要指標，這些指標直(zhi)接影響到(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。

　　２．３提升施工各方(fang)面質(zhi)量管理水平

　　提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)建(jian)筑(zhu)行業施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管理的(de)水(shui)平(ping)，最重要的(de)目(mu)的(de)就是要提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)質量(liang)水(shui)平(ping)，保持建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)核心競爭力(li)。一個(ge)企業只有抓(zhua)好(hao)了項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)質量(liang)，才有立足之地，這是企業長(chang)遠(yuan)發展(zhan)的(de)根本。因此企業要想(xiang)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)綜合施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管理水(shui)平(ping)，重點就是要抓(zhua)質量(liang)管理。要杜絕施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中的(de)偷工(gong)(gong)減料現(xian)象，減少(shao)建(jian)筑(zhu)安(an)(an)全隱患(huan)，盡可能使建(jian)筑(zhu)設計、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)科學化(hua)，盡量(liang)完善監督機(ji)制(zhi)，保證每個(ge)環節都不存在漏洞，明(ming)晰權責，讓每個(ge)部門都肩負自己的(de)責任，一旦(dan)出(chu)現(xian)問(wen)題(ti)，追究責任人。保證施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員的(de)操(cao)作規范(fan)性、項(xiang)目(mu)安(an)(an)全性、科學性。

　　２．４提升施工(gong)人(ren)員的專業技(ji)術水(shui)平

　　施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)技(ji)術(shu)水平(ping)高低直接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)項目(mu)的(de)進(jin)行。提(ti)升施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)素質(zhi)，對(dui)(dui)提(ti)升建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)管理水平(ping)有(you)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)意(yi)義。建(jian)筑企(qi)業(ye)既要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)員定(ding)期進(jin)行技(ji)能培訓(xun)，確保工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員接(jie)觸到最先(xian)進(jin)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)水平(ping)；也要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)員進(jin)行其(qi)他方面的(de)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)培訓(xun)，包(bao)括安全知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)、建(jian)筑知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)、技(ji)術(shu)設(she)備學(xue)習、質(zhi)量(liang)意(yi)識(shi)等，優化施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)技(ji)術(shu)水平(ping)，提(ti)升施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)員整體專(zhuan)業(ye)水平(ping)。單位內(nei)部也要(yao)(yao)(yao)定(ding)期對(dui)(dui)相(xiang)關人(ren)(ren)員進(jin)行綜合素質(zhi)考察(cha)。

　　３結語

　　建(jian)筑(zhu)工程施(shi)(shi)工管理(li)(li)直接影響工程質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)工程安全關(guan)系到(dao)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。在(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)工程項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設過程中(zhong)，企(qi)業(ye)只有不(bu)斷(duan)提高施(shi)(shi)工管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)，提高自身管理(li)(li)能力，才能在(zai)激烈的(de)(de)(de)市場競爭中(zhong)發(fa)展(zhan)壯大。我國建(jian)筑(zhu)行業(ye)存在(zai)很多(duo)問題，提升(sheng)施(shi)(shi)工管理(li)(li)水(shui)平(ping)也任重道遠。只要建(jian)筑(zhu)企(qi)業(ye)堅持做到(dao)與(yu)(yu)時(shi)俱進、理(li)(li)論與(yu)(yu)實際相(xiang)結合，將現(xian)代的(de)(de)(de)先進技術(shu)與(yu)(yu)我國的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)實際相(xiang)結合，加強各部分的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督，保證建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)水(shui)平(ping)，就(jiu)一定可以保證施(shi)(shi)工管理(li)(li)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)提升(sheng)。

　　參考文獻：

　　［１］周(zhou)秉佳．關(guan)于(yu)建筑工(gong)程(cheng)管理中相關(guan)問(wen)題的思考［Ｊ］．民營(ying)科(ke)技，２０１４（１）：１５６．

　　［２］袁成斌(bin)，由淑艷(yan)．施工階段的過程管(guan)理(li)方法及(ji)實施［Ｊ］．黑龍江(jiang)科(ke)技信(xin)息，２００９（１３）：１９９．

　　［３］郭樂(le)彬．優化建(jian)筑施工施工管理(li)以(yi)提(ti)高建(jian)筑工程質量(liang)［Ｊ］．中國新(xin)技術新(xin)產品，２０１４（１０）：１６７．

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　　論路基工(gong)程合同管理(li)中的變更(geng)處理(li)

　　論房(fang)地產(chan)項目開發過程中的質(zhi)量管理

　　論工(gong)程造價的審核

　　論施工階(jie)段的質量管理

　　論(lun)當前(qian)建筑施工過程中存在的(de)問(wen)題與(yu)對策

　　實施多項目的協同管理探討

　　清單計價模式下工程造價控制的影響

　　工程項目管理信息化建設探(tan)討

　　論(lun)建(jian)筑工程施工中質量目標管理(li)

　　論(lun)市政工程造(zao)價控制(zhi)存在(zai)的(de)問題及(ji)對策

　　建筑(zhu)工程質量管(guan)理的問題及對策研究

　　論建(jian)設單位(wei)的工程造(zao)價管理(li)

　　工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)中對工(gong)(gong)程分包的管理

　　論工(gong)程質(zhi)量失控原(yuan)因及質(zhi)量控制管理

　　論建筑給排水施工中的安全及(ji)質(zhi)量管理問題

　　論工(gong)程施工(gong)過程中綜合危害的(de)防治(zhi)

　　工(gong)程項目總(zong)承包結(jie)算中涉(she)稅(shui)管理的(de)探討(tao)

　　建(jian)設工程施工索賠與技巧

　　工程項目竣工決算滯后原因分析及對(dui)策

　　論住宅小(xiao)區工程監理

　　論施工企業(ye)人(ren)力資源管理

　　論施工過程合同的管(guan)理

　　論工程項(xiang)目代(dai)建(jian)制管理模式

　　應對房地產(chan)市場(chang)外資涌(yong)入的對策建(jian)議

　　房地(di)產(chan)市場調整(zheng)考驗(yan)政府執政能力

　　房(fang)地產(chan)交易中“檸檬(meng)市場”分析

　　基于金融(rong)(rong)創新的廉租房融(rong)(rong)資途徑探究

　　對“小產(chan)權房”法律問題(ti)的思考(kao)

　　小產權(quan)房存在的風險(xian)及對策

　　政府在(zai)城市低(di)收入群體住房供給中的(de)作用

　　投(tou)資性房(fang)地產公允價值計量模式的影響因素(su)分析

　　長株潭一體化對房(fang)地產經濟的影響

　　小城(cheng)鎮(zhen)建設中房地(di)產開發(fa)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)及應注意的(de)'問題

　　析城鎮(zhen)居民(min)的住(zhu)房權(quan)與保障

　　論(lun)小戶(hu)型(xing)社會保障性住房的(de)建設

　　房地產企業實施綠色營銷的博弈觀(guan)

　　建立保(bao)障性(xing)住房運作機(ji)制探討

　　產(chan)權論(lun)視域下的小產(chan)權房問(wen)題探究

　　淺談建設工程合同(tong)管(guan)理

　　工程索賠方法探討

　　論建設項目專業化管理隊伍建設

　　我國當前商品房價格過高的原因(yin)分析

　　試述合理的建筑產品(pin)價格(ge)體系建立的對策

　　淺談我國當(dang)前建設工程(cheng)計價方法與國際慣例接軌的相關問題

　　試(shi)論建(jian)安工程產(chan)品利潤的(de)合(he)理確定

　　建設工(gong)程投(tou)資控制方法探析

　　論工程價格管理體制改革

　　論工程(cheng)價(jia)格管理主體的(de)相關問題

　　試(shi)論合(he)理控制我(wo)國工程價(jia)格(ge)的途徑

　　論建(jian)設(she)工程價格的合理(li)確定

　　論工(gong)程產品市(shi)場價(jia)格的確定方(fang)法

　　論(lun)工程產(chan)品的優質優價

　　論工程價格的有效(xiao)控制

　　論建設工程的價(jia)格形式(shi)

　　對我(wo)國(guo)工程價格(ge)實行“量(liang)價分(fen)離”的(de)探討

　　論我(wo)國(guo)工程(cheng)產(chan)品價格與國(guo)際接(jie)軌(gui)的慣例(li)

　　試述(shu)建(jian)筑(zhu)產品價格的作用及其特點(dian)

　　論建筑產(chan)品的比價、差價及其價格形式

　　建筑(zhu)產品價格管理存在的問題及改進建議

　　論(lun)城市基礎(chu)設施(shi)建(jian)設

　　論城市建設資金的籌(chou)集與(yu)管理(li)

　　論城市綜合開發

　　舊城改造(zao)存在的(de)問題及對策探討

　　試論建筑(zhu)行業管理(li)體制的改革

　　論建(jian)筑企(qi)業經營機制的改革

　　論(lun)建(jian)筑企業管(guan)理的總體優化

　　試述建筑產品價格的作用及(ji)其特點

　　工(gong)程索賠存在的問題及對(dui)策(ce)

　　論我國工程索賠制度的建立(li)與(yu)健全

　　論建設工(gong)程(cheng)的招標投標制(zhi)

　　論我(wo)國工程(cheng)招(zhao)標投標制的完善

　　論工程(cheng)招標的優化方(fang)法

　　試論我國中(zhong)小城(cheng)鎮的發展戰略

　　建(jian)設工(gong)程合同(tong)管理(li)探討

　　淺談建設工程投資控制方法(fa)

　　淺析建(jian)設項目前期(qi)工程(cheng)造價(jia)管(guan)理

　　工(gong)程項(xiang)目施工(gong)管理成本(ben)指標構建

　　淺談工(gong)程招投標報價(jia)的標底編制問題(ti)

　　工程造價風(feng)險(xian)防范探討

　　基(ji)于(yu)模糊綜合(he)評價的工程項目質量風險管理

　　工程項目施工進(jin)度控制方法探(tan)討

　　工(gong)程項目(mu)投資和(he)進度控制分析

　　PPP項目風險分擔方式探析

　　工程(cheng)量清單計價(jia)下的(de)項(xiang)目施(shi)工成本控制

　　建設工程招投標(biao)中不(bu)平等問題探討

　　FIDIC合同條件下的工程(cheng)索賠分析

　　工(gong)程質量保修制度存在的問題及其(qi)對策(ce)

　　淺談建筑企業(ye)核心競爭力培(pei)育

　　建(jian)設項目管理績效(xiao)評價探討

　　工程風險(xian)防范(fan)問題探析

　　淺(qian)議(yi)施(shi)工企業安(an)全控制(zhi)管理

　　定額(e)編制問題的博弈分(fen)析

　　基于層次(ci)分析法的監理評標方法探討(tao)

　　試議工(gong)程總承包模式下的造價(jia)控制

　　淺談建設(she)項目(mu)的造價管理

　　試論房地產企(qi)業核(he)心競(jing)爭力培育

　　抵(di)押房地產價格評(ping)估風險(xian)及其誘因

　　限價房性質(zhi)和發(fa)展方向(xiang)研究

　　基于實物(wu)期(qi)權的房地(di)產投資決策分析

　　基(ji)于實物期權的征地補償(chang)標準(zhun)分析

　　湖南省(sheng)征地補(bu)償機制研究

　　湖(hu)南省(sheng)城(cheng)鎮土地集約利(li)用分析(xi)

　　益(yi)陽房(fang)地(di)產可持續發展分析(xi)

　　農(nong)村集體(ti)建設(she)用地潛力釋(shi)放問題分析

　　集體土(tu)地(di)征收(shou)問題分析

工程項目論文11

　　摘要：ISO9001標準適用于(yu)各種(zhong)規模、類型的(de)組織，本文選(xuan)取機電工程A企業(ye)為樣本，闡(chan)述了該標準與機電工程項(xiang)目管理工作(zuo)應用結合過(guo)程中的(de)幾點(dian)實踐經驗及(ji)注意(yi)事(shi)項(xiang)。

　　關鍵詞：ISO9001；質(zhi)量(liang)管理體系；機電工程項目

　　1、ISO9001標準、機電工程項目概述

　　ISO9001標(biao)準已在(zai)全球各種類型、不同(tong)規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)組織中運行30余年，已經成為系(xi)統化(hua)管理的(de)(de)(de)經典模(mo)式。機電(dian)工(gong)(gong)程是指按照一定的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和方(fang)法，將不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備、管路、線路等有機組合起來(lai)，滿(man)足(zu)使用功能要求的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程。本(ben)文選取的(de)(de)(de)A企(qi)業主要從事通(tong)風與空調(diao)機電(dian)安裝工(gong)(gong)程。

　　2、ISO9001標準與機電工程項目結合的幾點實踐

　　2.1標準(zhun)與機電工程(cheng)項目(mu)管理典(dian)型(xing)過程(cheng)的結合應用

　　機電工程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理包(bao)含決策、設計準(zhun)備、設計、施工等階段，20xx版9001質量(liang)管(guan)理體系(xi)標(biao)準(zhun)包(bao)含組織環(huan)境、領(ling)導(dao)作用、策劃、支持、運行、績效評價、改進7大章節。以下選取機電工程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)典型(xing)過程與20xx版9001質量(liang)管(guan)理體系(xi)標(biao)準(zhun)條款(kuan)結合應用。

　　2.2標準與特殊作業過程的結(jie)合

　　A企業(ye)工程中(zhong)涉(she)及(ji)到(dao)吊(diao)裝、登(deng)高、制冷設(she)備安裝、焊接等特殊作(zuo)業(ye)過程。特殊作(zuo)業(ye)過程對(dui)工程的質(zhi)量(liang)、安全管(guan)理和(he)穩定運行(xing)影(ying)響巨大，稍有疏忽將造成不可挽回的人員和(he)經濟損失。結合9001標準8.5生產和(he)服(fu)務(wu)控(kong)制、8.6產品和(he)服(fu)務(wu)的放行(xing)條款(kuan)，企業(ye)首先對(dui)特殊作(zuo)業(ye)過程涉(she)及(ji)到(dao)的特殊工種進行(xing)了重點(dian)管(guan)控(kong)，主要做了以(yi)下(xia)工作(zuo)。

　　①項目部在(zai)項目成(cheng)立之初確(que)定(ding)了其控制范圍(wei)內涉(she)及(ji)到的(de)特殊工種，列出(chu)清(qing)單(dan)，并在(zai)工程進(jin)展有變化(hua)時，及(ji)時調整更新；

　　②明確特殊工種崗位任職要求，如必(bi)須持證(zheng)上崗、必(bi)須具備2年以上實(shi)操(cao)經驗、離(li)崗不超過6個月(yue)等；

　　③招聘過程嚴(yan)格按崗(gang)(gang)位任職要求把關(guan)(guan)，上崗(gang)(gang)前進行安全、質量等相關(guan)(guan)培(pei)訓；

　　④上崗后(hou)做到工作前(qian)交(jiao)底、工作中巡(xun)視監督、工作后(hou)總(zong)結(jie)；

　　⑤在崗人員(yuan)進行清單(dan)化管理，在崗員(yuan)工(gong)出現異動時，及時調(diao)整。

　　同時，項目(mu)部對作業過程以下關(guan)鍵(jian)點進行(xing)了重點管控。

　　①施(shi)工設(she)備必須(xu)出廠合格、狀態良(liang)好，動用前應進行點檢，定期應進行維護保養，采(cai)取試(shi)吊、試(shi)焊(han)、試(shi)運行等措施(shi)；

　　②材料及構配件必須(xu)為合格供方供應，執(zhi)行(xing)進貨檢驗并抽測材料性能，領(ling)取(qu)及使用前(qian)進行(xing)完好性復核；

　　③受(shou)溫(wen)濕度(du)、風(feng)雨等環(huan)境(jing)(jing)因素影響的(de)(de)吊裝、登高、焊(han)接(jie)等作(zuo)(zuo)業過(guo)程，每天定時監測(ce)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)信(xin)息，不符(fu)合條件的(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)下嚴(yan)禁開工(gong)。針對(dui)(dui)過(guo)程中涉及(ji)到的(de)(de)變更情況(kuang)(kuang)，項目部設置了(le)(le)(le)4M變更制度(du)，施工(gong)前(qian)對(dui)(dui)人員、機具、物(wu)料、環(huan)境(jing)(jing)等主要(yao)影響因素進(jin)(jin)行(xing)確認，一(yi)旦出現變更情況(kuang)(kuang)，及(ji)時啟動應急機制。通過(guo)以(yi)上工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，對(dui)(dui)特殊作(zuo)(zuo)業過(guo)程中的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)預控，取得了(le)(le)(le)良好(hao)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)結果。

　　2.3標(biao)準與(yu)機電工(gong)程質(zhi)量控(kong)制過程的(de)結(jie)合

　　施工階段是項目管理的(de)(de)核心階段，該過(guo)(guo)程的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制與(yu)9001標準控(kong)制要(yao)求相結(jie)合，按過(guo)(guo)程方(fang)法分為(wei)事(shi)前、事(shi)中、事(shi)后三大質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制過(guo)(guo)程。

　　2.3.1事(shi)前(qian)(qian)質量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)前(qian)(qian)質量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也是9001標準第6部分“策(ce)(ce)劃(hua)”的(de)(de)(de)具體化體現，尤其是6.1條(tiao)款‘應對(dui)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)與(yu)(yu)機(ji)(ji)遇(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)’應用(yong)。項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部結合標準要求，重(zhong)點(dian)將‘應對(dui)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)與(yu)(yu)機(ji)(ji)遇(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de).措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)’與(yu)(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)過程中涉及到的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)決(jue)策(ce)(ce)、項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)設計、項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)工、交(jiao)付(fu)及交(jiao)付(fu)后活(huo)動等進(jin)行了(le)(le)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)與(yu)(yu)機(ji)(ji)遇(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)分析(xi)，并(bing)對(dui)分析(xi)內容進(jin)行了(le)(le)評(ping)(ping)價、討論確定了(le)(le)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，明確了(le)(le)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)負(fu)責人等，為后續項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)質量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)打下了(le)(le)堅(jian)實的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。風(feng)險(xian)(xian)與(yu)(yu)機(ji)(ji)遇(yu)(yu)(yu)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)分析(xi)案例：

　　2.3.2事中質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制指(zhi)在施工質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)過程中，對(dui)影響(xiang)施工質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的各種因素進(jin)(jin)行全面(mian)的動態控(kong)制。控(kong)制的重點是進(jin)(jin)場(chang)物(wu)資質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、工序質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、工作質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制點的控(kong)制。事中質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制是9001標(biao)準(zhun)第(di)8部分“運行”的典型(xing)運用，該(gai)過程重點對(dui)‘外部提供(gong)過程、產品(pin)和服務的提供(gong)’、‘施工中對(dui)人、機(ji)、料、法、環境等因素’進(jin)(jin)行管控(kong)。事中質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管控(kong)的重點，工程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的關鍵環節，現以原材料、構配(pei)件成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)半成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)，風機(ji)盤管安裝為典型(xing)案例，舉例說明如下：

　　（1）原材料(liao)、構配件成(cheng)品(pin)半成(cheng)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)控制要點。

　　①原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)、構配件成品半(ban)成品質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制。做好材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)選(xuan)樣(yang)、送樣(yang)工作：所有材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)采購前，應在合格(ge)(ge)供方(fang)中進(jin)行三家比對(dui)(dui)，并報甲方(fang)和監(jian)理(li)審查、批準，有條件的(de)(de)、重(zhong)要的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，要對(dui)(dui)廠家進(jin)行實地考察；對(dui)(dui)使(shi)用(yong)中出(chu)現(xian)問(wen)題材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，立即停止使(shi)用(yong)，并及(ji)時(shi)上報有關部門，嚴(yan)禁隱瞞不報，違章使(shi)用(yong)；驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)不合格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，按公(gong)司不合格(ge)(ge)品控(kong)制程序進(jin)行處置；由項(xiang)目總工（技術負責人）簽署(shu)降級使(shi)用(yong)、退場等(deng)處理(li)意(yi)見。驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)合格(ge)(ge)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)產品合格(ge)(ge)、檢測報告，復試報告及(ji)使(shi)用(yong)說(shuo)明等(deng)相關資料(liao)(liao)，交資料(liao)(liao)員收(shou)(shou)集、整(zheng)理(li)、編目、歸檔。

　　②采購質(zhi)量(liang)控制。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程要料(liao)總計劃(hua)，由(you)項目經理部施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)員(yuan)編制，主任(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程師(shi)審核批準(zhun)(zhun)，項目各專(zhuan)業施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)員(yuan)根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)程要料(liao)總計劃(hua)及施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進度要求，編寫(xie)材(cai)料(liao)月度申請計劃(hua)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程部審核，生產主任(ren)批準(zhun)(zhun)，交物資部實施(shi)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程變更時應(ying)對要料(liao)總計劃(hua)作相應(ying)調整。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程需用材(cai)料(liao)設備申請計劃(hua)應(ying)明確表述，并報相應(ying)權(quan)限人員(yuan)審批。

　　（2）風機(ji)盤管安裝。

　　①首先應用過(guo)程方法識(shi)別工(gong)藝流程：施(shi)工(gong)準備、電(dian)機試運行、水壓(ya)檢驗、吊架制作安裝、盤管(guan)安裝、連接配管(guan)。

　　②風機(ji)盤(pan)管應每臺進行通電試驗檢(jian)查和(he)電機(ji)三(san)速試運轉；逐臺進行風機(ji)盤(pan)管水壓試驗，試驗強度、時(shi)間符合(he)國(guo)標要求；臥式吊(diao)裝(zhuang)風機(ji)盤(pan)管吊(diao)架安裝(zhuang)平整牢固、不自由擺動，吊(diao)桿(gan)與托盤(pan)相聯用雙螺母緊(jin)固找平找正。

　　③風機(ji)盤管(guan)、冷熱媒水管(guan)連(lian)接，應在管(guan)道系統(tong)試壓、沖(chong)洗排污合格(ge)后進行。以上過程均由項目部制(zhi)定(ding)質(zhi)量(liang)巡查(cha)表格(ge)，由專(zhuan)人(ren)對每個工序進行檢查(cha)并保(bao)留記(ji)錄，確保(bao)事中(zhong)質(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)有效。

　　2.3.3事(shi)后質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制事(shi)后質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制也(ye)稱為(wei)事(shi)后質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)把(ba)關，以使不(bu)合格(ge)的(de)(de)工序或最終產品(pin)(pin)（包括單位產品(pin)(pin)工程(cheng)或整個工程(cheng)項(xiang)目）不(bu)交付給(gei)內、外(wai)(wai)部客(ke)戶(hu)。事(shi)后質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)與(yu)標準8.6條款(kuan)‘產品(pin)(pin)和服(fu)務的(de)(de)放行’管(guan)(guan)控(kong)要求一致，即(ji)‘項(xiang)目部在(zai)(zai)適當階段實施策劃(hua)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)排，以驗證產品(pin)(pin)和服(fu)務的(de)(de)要求已被滿足’。具體工作中如(ru)冷(leng)凝(ning)水管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)道系統安(an)(an)(an)裝完畢，外(wai)(wai)觀(guan)檢(jian)(jian)測合格(ge)后，應進(jin)行水壓(ya)試驗。冷(leng)凝(ning)水管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)道系統安(an)(an)(an)裝完畢，外(wai)(wai)觀(guan)檢(jian)(jian)查合格(ge)后，應進(jin)行通(tong)水試驗。通(tong)風與(yu)空調設(she)備進(jin)場檢(jian)(jian)驗時(shi)，應進(jin)行電氣檢(jian)(jian)測與(yu)試驗。以上事(shi)前、事(shi)中、事(shi)后三大質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制環(huan)節不(bu)是互相(xiang)孤(gu)立和截(jie)然分開的(de)(de)，它們共(gong)同構成有機的(de)(de)系統質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)過程(cheng)，實質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上也(ye)就(jiu)是質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體系的(de)(de)PDCA循環(huan)的(de)(de)具體化，在(zai)(zai)每一次滾動循環(huan)中不(bu)斷提高，達到質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)和質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制的(de)(de)持(chi)續改進(jin)。

　　3、結論

　　質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)是工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)根本(ben)，尤其大型(xing)復雜工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，更是以工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)達(da)標(biao)(biao)(biao)為(wei)首要(yao)任務(wu)。因此在(zai)機(ji)電(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)中，導入(ru)和運(yun)用ISO9001質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)體系標(biao)(biao)(biao)準就(jiu)變得非常急迫和重要(yao)。在(zai)運(yun)用該標(biao)(biao)(biao)準時，應(ying)與(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)運(yun)作(zuo)管理(li)實踐(jian)過程(cheng)(cheng)緊密融合，確(que)保標(biao)(biao)(biao)準要(yao)求真正落地，為(wei)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保駕護航。本(ben)文(wen)只是拋磚(zhuan)引玉對機(ji)電(dian)安(an)裝工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的(de)結合進行(xing)了幾點(dian)概述，希望本(ben)文(wen)能在(zai)相關領域發揮一定指導意義。

　　作者(zhe)：王(wang)(wang)萬(wan)鵬 王(wang)(wang)萬(wan)新 陸(lu)國芳

工程項目論文12

　　【摘要】工(gong)程造(zao)價(jia)直接關乎(hu)建筑工(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)總(zong)投資(zi)(zi)，采用科(ke)學的方法，實施造(zao)價(jia)控制，能(neng)夠減少不必(bi)要的資(zi)(zi)金和資(zi)(zi)源浪費問(wen)題，提(ti)高工(gong)程效益及(ji)性價(jia)比。論(lun)(lun)文(wen)主(zhu)要論(lun)(lun)述建筑工(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)投資(zi)(zi)中工(gong)程造(zao)價(jia)控制意(yi)義及(ji)該過(guo)程中存在的問(wen)題，全(quan)面論(lun)(lun)述工(gong)程造(zao)價(jia)控制對策。

　　【關鍵詞】建筑(zhu)工程(cheng)；項目(mu)投資；造價控(kong)制

　　1引言

　　工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價控制取決于前期投資預(yu)算(suan)、中期設(she)(she)計、修正、施工(gong)(gong)及(ji)后期工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結算(suan)及(ji)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)決算(suan)工(gong)(gong)作。依據(ju)實際(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)情況(kuang)，對建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目投資及(ji)施工(gong)(gong)全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行控制，有助于實現工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)目標及(ji)效益。建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)企(qi)業要想在(zai)激烈的(de)市場競爭中脫穎而出，需要對該項工(gong)(gong)作進(jin)行嚴格把控，提高造(zao)價控制質量，達(da)到良好的(de)建筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)及(ji)成本(ben)核算(suan)效果。

　　2建筑工程項目投資中工程造價控制意義

　　工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)全過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)花(hua)費的(de)所(suo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)，即工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投資(zi)(zi)。造(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)控(kong)制(zhi)能夠減少建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目投資(zi)(zi)，該過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，需要借助(zhu)科技(ji)原理(li)(li)及(ji)靈活的(de)技(ji)術(shu)手(shou)段，合(he)理(li)(li)調整工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)所(suo)需資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)，達到(dao)(dao)良好的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)控(kong)制(zhi)效果(guo)。無論施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)初級階(jie)段，還是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環(huan)節，造(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)控(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作都非常關鍵，其涉及(ji)建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)方(fang)面面，甚至影響工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計、質(zhi)量、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)(li)效果(guo)等。以(yi)往(wang)，建筑造(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)控(kong)制(zhi)管理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)，過(guo)(guo)于注重操作，沒有(you)認識到(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)決策(ce)的(de)重要性，過(guo)(guo)度重視技(ji)術(shu)作用(yong)，忽(hu)略經濟價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值，很大(da)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度上增加了造(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)控(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作難度，很容易出(chu)現資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)浪費情(qing)況。在建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目投資(zi)(zi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，注重造(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)控(kong)制(zhi)，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)進(jin)行科學管理(li)(li)，并對(dui)修改(gai)方(fang)案(an)進(jin)行及(ji)時調整，科學總(zong)結工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)管理(li)(li)經驗，形(xing)成(cheng)系統完(wan)整的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)管理(li)(li)體制(zhi)[1]。

　　3建筑工程項目投資中工程造價控制問題

　　3.1建筑工程造(zao)價(jia)控制各環(huan)節脫節

　　工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價即建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)全過程(cheng)涉及的(de)所有費用，包含建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)初(chu)期論證、招投(tou)標、立(li)項(xiang)，中期設計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)及后(hou)期竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收一(yi)系列工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。各環節、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序相互(hu)聯系，互(hu)為配合。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價管理過程(cheng)中，分別(bie)由不(bu)(bu)同部門(men)承擔各環節造(zao)價控制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，以至于因缺乏協(xie)調機制(zhi)導致(zhi)造(zao)價控制(zhi)過程(cheng)出(chu)現嚴(yan)重脫節的(de)情況。建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)實施過程(cheng)復雜，經常會因部門(men)之間溝通不(bu)(bu)暢，出(chu)現施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暫停情況，延(yan)誤工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期，增加成(cheng)本，甚至會影響建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)整體(ti)質量[2]。

　　3.2建筑工(gong)程造價控制(zhi)人員素質低(di)

　　建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)控制管理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)中，常(chang)因管理(li)、技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)操(cao)作(zuo)不(bu)當，或者管控不(bu)到位，技(ji)術(shu)水平、業(ye)(ye)務素(su)質(zhi)過(guo)低，以至于無法達(da)到良好的工(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)管理(li)效果。當前，我(wo)國建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)項目數量(liang)逐年增多(duo)(duo)，對工(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)需(xu)求量(liang)也越來越大，仍有(you)很多(duo)(duo)造(zao)價(jia)管理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)專業(ye)(ye)素(su)質(zhi)不(bu)達(da)標，技(ji)術(shu)水平過(guo)低，缺(que)乏工(gong)作(zuo)經(jing)驗，干(gan)擾建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)控制工(gong)作(zuo)質(zhi)量(liang)。加(jia)之(zhi)，預(yu)算人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)專業(ye)(ye)意識缺(que)乏，出現超預(yu)算情(qing)況(kuang)。其沒(mei)有(you)依(yi)據具體建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)背景，深入一線(xian)施工(gong)現場，考(kao)察(cha)具體工(gong)程(cheng)情(qing)況(kuang)，也沒(mei)有(you)對各項影響因素(su)進行(xing)綜合考(kao)慮，僅(jin)依(yi)從(cong)經(jing)驗，進行(xing)造(zao)價(jia)預(yu)算，導致(zhi)該(gai)項預(yu)算不(bu)夠科學，超預(yu)算情(qing)況(kuang)時有(you)發(fa)生。

　　3.3建筑項目施工前期各類問題頻(pin)發

　　建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目投(tou)資(zi)(zi)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，常(chang)(chang)因(yin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)或招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)漏洞或問題(ti)，影響工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)控制(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)果。建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)控制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)非常(chang)(chang)重要，然而，相關設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)單位(wei)或部門仍然不(bu)能夠(gou)認識到該(gai)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)工(gong)作(zuo)的重要性(xing)，以(yi)至于工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)控制(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)嚴格，資(zi)(zi)金(jin)浪費嚴重，出(chu)(chu)現(xian)了很多(duo)額(e)外資(zi)(zi)金(jin)。設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)概預算人員僅參(can)照設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)圖紙，對概預算工(gong)作(zuo)進行編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)，忽略設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)案(an)(an)和(he)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)效(xiao)(xiao)果評(ping)價(jia)。加(jia)之，由(you)于未(wei)將設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)工(gong)作(zuo)落實到位(wei)，該(gai)項(xiang)工(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)實施過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)諸多(duo)漏洞，僅注重在(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)制(zhi)(zhi)定招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)方(fang)案(an)(an)，而沒有開展(zhan)技(ji)術和(he)施工(gong)圖招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)工(gong)作(zuo)，導致設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)單位(wei)缺乏競爭力，造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)控制(zhi)(zhi)及管(guan)理(li)不(bu)能夠(gou)達到預期效(xiao)(xiao)果。該(gai)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，又因(yin)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)取(qu)費方(fang)式不(bu)當，影響設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)案(an)(an)質量(liang)，甚至出(chu)(chu)現(xian)人為拉高造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)情(qing)況。招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，常(chang)(chang)因(yin)前期準(zhun)備不(bu)到位(wei)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)內容考量(liang)不(bu)全(quan)，以(yi)至于評(ping)標(biao)(biao)(biao)方(fang)法不(bu)夠(gou)科(ke)學(xue)合理(li)，也無后續追蹤，出(chu)(chu)現(xian)新型(xing)材料虛(xu)假報價(jia)情(qing)況，增加(jia)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)。

　　3.4市場環境監控(kong)不(bu)到位(wei)

　　建筑工(gong)程造價控(kong)制(zhi)過程中(zhong)，涉及諸多(duo)人力(li)、物力(li)資源(yuan)等，會對(dui)工(gong)程費(fei)用(yong)(yong)產生直接影響。通常情(qing)況下(xia)，原材(cai)料、機械(xie)設備(bei)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)不當或者一(yi)線施(shi)工(gong)人員(yuan)操作不當，會使(shi)工(gong)程投(tou)資增(zeng)加。在具體工(gong)程實踐(jian)中(zhong)，由(you)于缺乏全局意(yi)識，受(shou)計劃思想影響，人員(yuan)素質低，無法(fa)科學掃描、監控(kong)市(shi)場環境，使(shi)人工(gong)成本和材(cai)料、設備(bei)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)等增(zeng)多(duo)，直接影響工(gong)程造價，產生額外費(fei)用(yong)(yong)支出。

　　3.5施工結算方(fang)法不恰當

　　施工(gong)(gong)階段常出現現場簽(qian)證(zheng)管理混亂，定額計價差(cha)異(yi)大(da)等問題，導致建筑工(gong)(gong)程造價成(cheng)本(ben)與市場情況不符合(he)，無(wu)法(fa)對工(gong)(gong)程成(cheng)本(ben)進(jin)行科學管理。完成(cheng)建筑工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)作之(zhi)后(hou)，不能(neng)夠(gou)依(yi)據實際工(gong)(gong)程情況，進(jin)行整體費(fei)用編制，并上報相關部(bu)門審批，工(gong)(gong)程款項(xiang)索(suo)賠不及時，無(wu)法(fa)對工(gong)(gong)程造價進(jin)行全(quan)過程控制。加之(zhi)，管理意(yi)識淡薄，技能(neng)水(shui)平低等，都會產生成(cheng)本(ben)浪費(fei)情況，從而增加工(gong)(gong)程造價。

　　4建筑工程項目投資中工程造價控制對策

　　4.1構建全過程造價控制(zhi)管(guan)理體系

　　建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)管理過程(cheng)中涉及(ji)很多造價控(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作及(ji)內容，需要構建完善的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價管理體(ti)系。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)負責人和(he)造價控(kong)制(zhi)人員要結合(he)整體(ti)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)背景，嚴(yan)格(ge)執行項目(mu)調(diao)研工(gong)(gong)作，并注重經濟指(zhi)標測算和(he)投資決策，科(ke)學(xue)策劃(hua)設計、招投標及(ji)施工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場各(ge)類(lei)工(gong)(gong)作。結合(he)整體(ti)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)情況，對(dui)各(ge)環節工(gong)(gong)作進行科(ke)學(xue)協調(diao)和(he)分析，并實(shi)施嚴(yan)格(ge)控(kong)制(zhi)，采用組織結構及(ji)跨部門運作方(fang)式，提高(gao)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價控(kong)制(zhi)質量，使該項工(gong)(gong)作更加科(ke)學(xue)有序，將造價控(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作落實(shi)到建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的方(fang)方(fang)面(mian)面(mian)。

　　4.2優選及培養高(gao)素質管理(li)人才

　　建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價管(guan)(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)作專業性和政(zheng)策性兼備(bei)(bei)，造(zao)(zao)(zao)價控制人(ren)(ren)(ren)員要(yao)(yao)具備(bei)(bei)豐富的專業知識(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)，引進(jin)和培養(yang)高(gao)素(su)質人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)，提(ti)高(gao)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價管(guan)(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)作質量。同時(shi)，還(huan)(huan)要(yao)(yao)采用正確(que)的方法，對造(zao)(zao)(zao)價管(guan)(guan)(guan)理人(ren)(ren)(ren)員進(jin)行(xing)素(su)質測評，定期考核(he)其工(gong)(gong)作質量、效率、業績等，依(yi)據考核(he)結果對其進(jin)行(xing)職(zhi)業培訓和再教育。除此之(zhi)外，定期與其他相關企業進(jin)行(xing)合作交流，以學術研討會的形式，實(shi)現(xian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價控制人(ren)(ren)(ren)員素(su)質提(ti)升，為建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)投資(zi)中工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價控制工(gong)(gong)作奠定良好基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)。同時(shi)，還(huan)(huan)要(yao)(yao)注重獎懲機制構建(jian)，積極引進(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)，減少不必要(yao)(yao)的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)成本浪(lang)費。

　　4.3編制投資估算(suan)，注重(zhong)項目前期(qi)論證

　　在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)期(qi)論證階段，便(bian)要對建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成本控制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)進行(xing)嚴格(ge)考(kao)量(liang)，在(zai)合理(li)論證基礎(chu)上，生(sheng)成項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)可行(xing)性(xing)研究(jiu)報(bao)告，將其作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立項(xiang)依(yi)據。該(gai)文件中包含(han)諸多建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信息，便(bian)于后期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)決(jue)策(ce)。嚴格(ge)執行(xing)前(qian)期(qi)論證工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，依(yi)托長(chang)期(qi)經驗和工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價原理(li)，開展(zhan)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)估(gu)算(suan)，使這項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)更加精(jing)確、全(quan)面、合理(li)。同時，還要落實好(hao)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)考(kao)察工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，了解資(zi)(zi)金籌措情況，參照原始資(zi)(zi)料和信息開展(zhan)預(yu)算(suan)編制(zhi)。

　　4.4嚴格控(kong)制施工(gong)環節造價(jia)

　　建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段造價(jia)控(kong)制工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)非常重要，直接(jie)關系(xi)到建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價(jia)管理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)質量。依據實際(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)情況，對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和方法(fa)進行優(you)選，并對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度進行合(he)理(li)安排。結合(he)實際(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度、材(cai)料價(jia)格變動等，提出科學的(de)成本管理(li)及控(kong)制方法(fa)，將施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中的(de)材(cai)料成本降到最低，以有限的(de)成本投入(ru)，實現工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)效益最大化。

　　4.5優(you)化(hua)結算階段工程造價管(guan)理

　　竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)結(jie)(jie)算(suan)過(guo)程(cheng)中，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價管(guan)(guan)理及控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)也非常關鍵(jian)。結(jie)(jie)束工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設及施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)之后，要在第一(yi)時間制定各類完(wan)備的(de)`工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)費(fei)用(yong)表格，繼(ji)而(er)交(jiao)由相關單位和部(bu)門進行審查批(pi)示。通過(guo)該(gai)種(zhong)方式，保障建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)整體效益，有效杜絕資金浪費(fei)問題。同時，還要加(jia)強造(zao)(zao)價咨詢機構信息化管(guan)(guan)理，確保建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)更加(jia)準(zhun)確高效，全面落(luo)實結(jie)(jie)算(suan)階段工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價管(guan)(guan)理過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)一(yi)系(xi)列工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)內容。

　　5結語

　　工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)控制(zhi)作(zuo)為建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目投資中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)重要內容，涉及建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)整(zheng)體質量(liang)和效益等。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)負責人(ren)和造價(jia)控制(zhi)人(ren)員要依據實際工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)背景(jing)，明確(que)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)控制(zhi)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)存在的(de)(de)(de)各類問(wen)題，提出(chu)具體的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)控制(zhi)管理方法(fa)，實現該項工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體優化，提高建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)企業的(de)(de)(de)市場競爭(zheng)力。

　　【參考文獻】

　　【1】趙云超.建筑工程(cheng)造價控制問題與(yu)(yu)對策[J].合作(zuo)經濟與(yu)(yu)科技,20xx(05):124-126.

　　【2】武小(xiao)芳.建筑(zhu)工程項目投(tou)資中(zhong)工程造(zao)價控制[J].時代金融,20xx(35):260-261.

工程項目論文13

　　近幾年來，隨著經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速發(fa)展，我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)運(yun)行業(ye)也(ye)得到(dao)(dao)了突飛猛(meng)進的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，與此同時(shi)，市(shi)場(chang)競爭也(ye)越(yue)來越(yue)激(ji)烈(lie)，因此，建筑(zhu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)要想獲得穩(wen)定(ding)持續的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，就要提(ti)高(gao)水(shui)運(yun)工(gong)程(cheng)管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)(li)(li)和水(shui)平(ping)。在建筑(zhu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)中，工(gong)程(cheng)管理直接決定(ding)著整(zheng)個(ge)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理能力(li)(li)(li)，而創新是提(ti)高(gao)水(shui)運(yun)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)途(tu)徑，因為通過對水(shui)運(yun)工(gong)程(cheng)管理進行創新不僅能夠大(da)大(da)增(zeng)強企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)競爭力(li)(li)(li)，而且還能充分(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)力(li)(li)(li)、物(wu)力(li)(li)(li)和財力(li)(li)(li)，有效(xiao)解決企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)發(fa)展中遇(yu)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，為建筑(zhu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展注入源源不斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展動力(li)(li)(li)。

　　1水運工程管理創新的意義

　　隨著(zhu)我國市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)經(jing)濟體制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)不(bu)斷發(fa)展(zhan)，傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)水(shui)運(yun)工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)已經(jing)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)滿(man)足市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)，并且呈現(xian)(xian)出的(de)(de)弊端也(ye)越來(lai)(lai)越多(duo)，例如，水(shui)運(yun)工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人員的(de)(de)思想不(bu)適合現(xian)(xian)代企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，跟(gen)不(bu)上時代的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)；水(shui)運(yun)工程(cheng)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)不(bu)到(dao)位；施工過程(cheng)中的(de)(de)權力和責任(ren)沒有(you)清晰的(de)(de)劃分(fen)；工程(cheng)成本得不(bu)到(dao)有(you)效的(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)等，對水(shui)運(yun)工程(cheng)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)有(you)直(zhi)接的(de)(de)影(ying)響，在一定程(cheng)度上限制(zhi)(zhi)了企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，因(yin)此(ci)，建筑(zhu)(zhu)企業(ye)(ye)需(xu)要(yao)與時俱進，創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)水(shui)運(yun)工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，以(yi)便在激(ji)烈的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)競爭中得到(dao)發(fa)展(zhan)。由于水(shui)運(yun)工程(cheng)所面臨的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)競爭越來(lai)(lai)越大(da)，因(yin)此(ci)對于企業(ye)(ye)資本、規模和管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)水(shui)平的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)也(ye)越來(lai)(lai)越高，提高企業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)力是(shi)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)必經(jing)之(zhi)路，而創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)是(shi)解決建筑(zhu)(zhu)企業(ye)(ye)問題的(de)(de)`重要(yao)途徑。建筑(zhu)(zhu)單位只有(you)不(bu)斷創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，把(ba)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)作為企業(ye)(ye)文(wen)化的(de)(de)精髓，才能(neng)(neng)適應市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)可持續發(fa)展(zhan)。

　　2目前水運工程管理存在的問題

　　2.1信息化管理水平較低

　　水運(yun)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)在整個施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，涉及到各(ge)個部(bu)門(men)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)和(he)(he)溝(gou)通(tong)。而(er)這些溝(gou)通(tong)主要是通(tong)過數據進(jin)行的(de)(de)，這就要求企業(ye)要對數據進(jin)行規范和(he)(he)統一(yi)的(de)(de)管理(li)，從而(er)需要引入計算機的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)。而(er)目(mu)前(qian)，我國(guo)的(de)(de)建筑企業(ye)中(zhong)，信息(xi)化管理(li)的(de)(de)程(cheng)度(du)(du)比較低，導致工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)數據管理(li)不夠完善(shan)，大大降低了(le)部(bu)門(men)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)和(he)(he)溝(gou)通(tong)效率，在很(hen)大程(cheng)度(du)(du)上造成了(le)生產成本的(de)(de)浪費(fei)。

　　2.2施工過程存在安全隱患

　　在(zai)水運工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中，安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作一直是(shi)最為重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，但是(shi)卻(que)常(chang)常(chang)容(rong)易被人(ren)們忽視(shi)。隨(sui)著(zhu)時代(dai)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展和(he)進步，人(ren)們越來(lai)越重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)題。近年來(lai)，各施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)場(chang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)事故頻發(fa)，引起了(le)社會各界的(de)(de)(de)(de)關注(zhu)。其(qi)原(yuan)因(yin)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位不(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)、為了(le)經濟效(xiao)益減少材料支出，低(di)價雇取(qu)勞動力等問(wen)題增加了(le)安(an)全(quan)(quan)事故的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)，這些因(yin)素都(dou)會給施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)造成(cheng)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患。所以建筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業需要(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)加監(jian)督和(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)。對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員以及(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備(bei)都(dou)要(yao)(yao)進行(xing)(xing)詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)查、維(wei)修(xiu)，對(dui)出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題進行(xing)(xing)及(ji)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)，從而避免安(an)全(quan)(quan)事故的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。按時檢(jian)查工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員是(shi)否按照規定(ding)執行(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作；按時對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備(bei)檢(jian)查和(he)維(wei)修(xiu)，保證其(qi)正(zheng)常(chang)運行(xing)(xing)，減少因(yin)機(ji)械(xie)故障等原(yuan)因(yin)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)事故。許(xu)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)法分子(zi)趁機(ji)謀取(qu)利益，上級領(ling)導監(jian)控不(bu)(bu)嚴(yan)，導致很多(duo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)安(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。

　　2.3高層(ceng)管理人員對工程管理的重視程度(du)不高

　　在我國建筑業(ye)中，要(yao)想加強水(shui)運(yun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)還需要(yao)加大(da)成本投入(ru)。此(ci)外，由于管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員對工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)重要(yao)性(xing)認識不(bu)夠，因(yin)此(ci)，建筑企業(ye)中普遍(bian)存在著不(bu)重視(shi)水(shui)運(yun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)問題。由于管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員的(de)疏忽(hu)和輕(qing)視(shi)，使得(de)水(shui)運(yun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在施工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)中經常(chang)(chang)出現資源浪費和安全事故等問題，這嚴(yan)重阻礙了水(shui)運(yun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)正常(chang)(chang)施工(gong)和可持(chi)續發展。

　　3水運工程管理創新的原則

　　水運工程管理(li)在(zai)(zai)(zai)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要遵(zun)循創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規律(lv)和原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)，從(cong)企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際出(chu)發(fa)(fa)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)過(guo)程中(zhong)要遵(zun)守以下原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)：①在(zai)(zai)(zai)開展創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)前，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要對建筑(zhu)市(shi)場進行調(diao)查，根據市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)確定(ding)(ding)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向，這樣才(cai)能(neng)(neng)時(shi)企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)管理(li)符合市(shi)場發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規律(lv)，從(cong)而(er)保證企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)(ding)發(fa)(fa)展；②在(zai)(zai)(zai)水運工程管理(li)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)要把高(gao)企(qi)業競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)放在(zai)(zai)(zai)首(shou)位，任何創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)活動都應該(gai)以提(ti)高(gao)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)為主，這樣才(cai)能(neng)(neng)通過(guo)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)途徑(jing)，提(ti)高(gao)企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)，是(shi)企(qi)業在(zai)(zai)(zai)激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)中(zhong)謀(mou)求發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)席之地，只(zhi)有做到(dao)(dao)以上兩(liang)點(dian)，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)充分發(fa)(fa)揮水運工程管理(li)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，使創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)理(li)念(nian)真正融(rong)入(ru)到(dao)(dao)企(qi)業發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)，達到(dao)(dao)促(cu)進企(qi)業發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

　　4水運工程管理創新策略

　　4.1加(jia)強水(shui)運工程信息化的創新

　　近年來(lai)，信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)技術在人們(men)日常生活與工(gong)作中的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)廣泛(fan)，許多(duo)企(qi)業在管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)作中引(yin)入(ru)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)技術，真(zhen)正(zheng)促進了現(xian)代化(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)。對于建(jian)筑企(qi)業來(lai)說，水運工(gong)程管(guan)理(li)(li)是一(yi)項(xiang)系統性的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程，不(bu)僅涉及到眾(zhong)多(duo)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)存(cun)儲和(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)，而且各個管(guan)理(li)(li)環(huan)節(jie)之間存(cun)在相互影(ying)響，這就需要企(qi)業創新管(guan)理(li)(li)手段(duan)，積(ji)極應(ying)(ying)用(yong)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)技術構建(jian)一(yi)體化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程管(guan)理(li)(li)系統，將財(cai)務管(guan)理(li)(li)、成(cheng)本管(guan)理(li)(li)、進度管(guan)理(li)(li)、質量管(guan)理(li)(li)及安(an)全管(guan)理(li)(li)等各個管(guan)理(li)(li)環(huan)節(jie)連接在一(yi)起(qi)，從而促進信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)共享和(he)流通，真(zhen)正(zheng)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)水運工(gong)程管(guan)理(li)(li)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua)。

　　4.2加(jia)強科(ke)學技術創新(xin)能力(li)

　　對于施(shi)(shi)工過程中出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾大主要(yao)(yao)問題，加(jia)大創(chuang)新(xin)投入是個(ge)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體方(fang)法，隨著(zhu)(zhu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)展(zhan)，競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)是衡(heng)量一(yi)個(ge)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)法則(ze)。在過去傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)模式和施(shi)(shi)工過程中，存(cun)在著(zhu)(zhu)或多或少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)地(di)方(fang)，管(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)式比較單一(yi)，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)解決現(xian)代(dai)施(shi)(shi)工中發(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意外狀況(kuang)；施(shi)(shi)工設備(bei)也(ye)比較落后(hou)，造成施(shi)(shi)工過程中效率低下，成本付出較大。需要(yao)(yao)提(ti)高(gao)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)，就需要(yao)(yao)加(jia)大企業(ye)(ye)創(chuang)新(xin)力(li)度，從(cong)國(guo)外引(yin)進新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)，自己(ji)再(zai)加(jia)以(yi)改(gai)進，使之(zhi)(zhi)成為(wei)自己(ji)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)。與此(ci)同時，我國(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工管(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)面也(ye)應借鑒國(guo)外先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)經驗(yan)，再(zai)結(jie)合(he)(he)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際情況(kuang)，取其(qi)精華(hua)，去其(qi)糟粕。形成一(yi)套(tao)科學(xue)可行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工管(guan)理(li)(li)制度，根據市場發(fa)展(zhan)規律，提(ti)高(gao)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)。轉變原有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機制，激(ji)勵(li)團隊人員，使用(yong)創(chuang)新(xin)機制引(yin)領(ling)企業(ye)(ye)走(zou)向新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度。此(ci)外，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)理(li)(li)人員更需不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)完善自己(ji)，不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)學(xue)習(xi)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)手段，豐富管(guan)理(li)(li)技能(neng)，創(chuang)新(xin)管(guan)理(li)(li)結(jie)構，促進企業(ye)(ye)健康發(fa)展(zhan)。

　　4.3管理理念的創新

　　管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)是管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工作的(de)靈魂(hun)。在進(jin)(jin)(jin)行水運工程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)時，要對公司(si)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)。具體可(ke)以從以下幾個方(fang)(fang)面著手：①積極(ji)引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)理(li)(li)(li)論知識(shi)豐富、專業技能(neng)(neng)較高(gao)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)才，并(bing)定期進(jin)(jin)(jin)行培訓，或者通過舉辦管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)設計大賽等形式，不斷加(jia)強他們在管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)意識(shi)，設計出(chu)科學(xue)、合理(li)(li)(li)、高(gao)效的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)；②建立完善、科學(xue)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)，適應市(shi)場(chang)(chang)經濟的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。在進(jin)(jin)(jin)行水運工程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)時，公司(si)不僅(jin)要結(jie)合企業自身的(de)需求，同時也要適應市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。只有(you)這樣，建筑公司(si)才能(neng)(neng)獲得(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)占有(you)率，實現可(ke)持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。

　　4.4管理體制(zhi)的創新(xin)

　　沒(mei)有(you)規(gui)矩不成方圓(yuan)，對于(yu)水(shui)(shui)運(yun)(yun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)來說，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)的建立(li)就是“規(gui)矩”，通過(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)的建立(li)來保證(zheng)各項(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作有(you)據可依，有(you)效落實，因此(ci)在應(ying)(ying)用(yong)創新管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)當合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)創新管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)。建筑(zhu)企業應(ying)(ying)當適應(ying)(ying)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)趨勢，以建筑(zhu)市(shi)場(chang)調(diao)節(jie)機制(zhi)為基礎，合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)創新管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)。例(li)如，對于(yu)一些大(da)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)運(yun)(yun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)來說，為了(le)保證(zheng)水(shui)(shui)運(yun)(yun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的全面(mian)性和(he)有(you)效性，印度剛設(she)立(li)專門(men)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)門(men)；對于(yu)一些小型(xing)的建筑(zhu)項(xiang)目(mu)來說，建筑(zhu)企業則(ze)可以將管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)任務分(fen)配給施工(gong)單(dan)位即可。除了(le)總(zong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)規(gui)劃外，水(shui)(shui)運(yun)(yun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)的創新還體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)現在相關(guan)(guan)制(zhi)度的建設(she)和(he)完善方面(mian)沒(mei)需要明確內部(bu)(bu)責任體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)，建立(li)新型(xing)的產權關(guan)(guan)系制(zhi)度、法人(ren)制(zhi)度，明確相關(guan)(guan)責任，提升獨立(li)法人(ren)地位，以此(ci)來強化(hua)水(shui)(shui)運(yun)(yun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。

　　5結束語

　　綜上所述，創新(xin)(xin)是水(shui)運工(gong)程管(guan)理過程中的(de)(de)首要(yao)任務，建筑企業(ye)在管(guan)理創新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)過程中可(ke)以通過加(jia)(jia)強水(shui)運工(gong)程信息化管(guan)理創新(xin)(xin)、提高項(xiang)目管(guan)理創新(xin)(xin)能力、建立(li)創新(xin)(xin)型人才隊伍和(he)加(jia)(jia)強工(gong)程招標管(guan)理創新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)途(tu)徑，來推(tui)動(dong)建筑企業(ye)創新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，增(zeng)強企業(ye)的(de)(de)競爭力，滿足市場經濟發展(zhan)的(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)，提高水(shui)運工(gong)程的(de)(de)管(guan)理能力和(he)水(shui)平，最終實(shi)現建筑行業(ye)健(jian)康、穩定發展(zhan)。

　　參考文獻

　　[1]王彬．建筑施工(gong)(gong)技術管理(li)優化措施探討分析[J]．工(gong)(gong)程技術（文摘版），20xx（10）：159．

　　[2]王志.淺議(yi)建筑施工技術管(guan)理(li)優化措施[J]．城市建設理(li)論研究（電子(zi)版），20xx（9）.

　　[3]趙倩．西(xi)(xi)咸(xian)新(xin)區沛東(dong)新(xin)城市道路綠化管(guan)理中的關鍵技術[J]．西(xi)(xi)北農林科技大(da)學，20xx（4）.

工程項目論文14

　　一、經濟合同的含義和種類

　　（一）經濟合同的(de)含義

　　所(suo)謂經(jing)濟合(he)同(tong)，簡單來說，就是在正常生產運營中(zhong)，企(qi)業(ye)為了明確利(li)益雙方的責(ze)權關系(xi)，而進行(xing)簽訂(ding)的協議。其(qi)中(zhong)包含企(qi)業(ye)內部責(ze)任合(he)同(tong)，企(qi)業(ye)與外(wai)部單位簽訂(ding)的合(he)同(tong)關系(xi)。合(he)同(tong)的雙方都應嚴格(ge)按照合(he)同(tong)中(zhong)所(suo)定(ding)的數量、價(jia)格(ge)、地點、時間、運輸、包裝、質量和結算(suan)等所(suo)有的條款進行(xing)全面準確地執行(xing)。

　　（二）經濟合同的種類

　　按照(zhao)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的內容來進(jin)行(xing)分類有工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)承包合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、購銷合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、供用電(dian)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、貨(huo)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)管合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、加工(gong)(gong)承攬合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、倉儲保(bao)(bao)管合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、財(cai)產保(bao)(bao)險合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、借(jie)款合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)以(yi)及財(cai)產租賃(lin)等其(qi)他經濟(ji)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)。

　　二、工程項目的經濟合同管理原則

　　（一(yi)）經濟合(he)同的各項(xiang)原(yuan)則

　　1．授權制度

　　現(xian)場工程項目代理企業與外部單位簽訂經濟合同，在企業負責(ze)人的(de)授(shou)權(quan)范圍內，不能越(yue)過(guo)權(quan)限(xian)簽訂合同。超越(yue)權(quan)限(xian)、未經授(shou)權(quan)或者在代理截(jie)止(zhi)后，未經追認所(suo)簽訂的(de)合同，企業不給予承認，現(xian)場負責(ze)人需要承擔法律責(ze)任。

　　2．合同審慎原則

　　企(qi)業現場與(yu)外(wai)部單位進行合同簽訂時(shi)，應對合同所包(bao)含的所有(you)項目、合同起效(xiao)的要求以(yi)及相關負責人的信譽、資歷(li)等(deng)安排系統性(xing)的調查，通過走司法路線，針對合同內容的合法性(xing)、可行性(xing)、嚴密(mi)性(xing)以(yi)及經(jing)濟效(xiao)益性(xing)，進行一系列審議(yi)及核實。

　　3．統一(yi)管(guan)理總(zong)則

　　企業(ye)(ye)建立各(ge)種相關的(de)規章(zhang)制度，將企業(ye)(ye)現場和外部單位所簽訂的(de)合同作(zuo)出統一管理，現場應嚴格根據企業(ye)(ye)所定下的(de)管理規定來執行(xing)。

　　（二）合同的簽訂與履行(xing)制度

　　1．合同檔案的制(zhi)度

　　現(xian)(xian)場(chang)與外部單(dan)位簽(qian)訂(ding)的合同，應在建(jian)立起有(you)關(guan)檔(dang)案(an)后，將其交到現(xian)(xian)場(chang)經營部門進行統一化管理，現(xian)(xian)場(chang)在相關(guan)負責人(ren)的授權范圍下所簽(qian)訂(ding)的合同都應在企業經營部門備案(an)。

　　2．責任的(de)追究制度

　　現場項目的代理(li)(li)企業和外部簽(qian)訂(ding)的合同都必(bi)須(xu)遵循國家的相關(guan)法律(lv)。若(ruo)違反法律(lv)、法則與(yu)企業制定的`合同管理(li)(li)制度，應對其(qi)進行經濟、行政(zheng)、法律(lv)責任的追究；若(ruo)嚴(yan)重(zhong)到觸碰刑(xing)法，必(bi)須(xu)交由司(si)法機關(guan)來處理(li)(li)。

　　（三）合同管理的監督

　　在施工(gong)現(xian)場(chang)，項(xiang)目負責(ze)人在企(qi)(qi)業領導(dao)者的授(shou)權范圍內(nei)，負責(ze)對(dui)內(nei)部(bu)與對(dui)外部(bu)的合同簽訂、管理與履(lv)行的相(xiang)關工(gong)作。企(qi)(qi)業經(jing)濟合同的管理部(bu)門(men)是企(qi)(qi)業經(jing)營(ying)部(bu)，其職責(ze)主要是指導(dao)、檢查以及監督各個(ge)部(bu)門(men)、各個(ge)現(xian)場(chang)經(jing)濟合同的簽訂和(he)管理問(wen)題。

　　三、工程項目合同的簽訂工作

　　在履行企(qi)業(ye)的合(he)同管理規(gui)則的基礎上，現(xian)場(chang)項目工程(cheng)要結合(he)現(xian)場(chang)情況(kuang)，制定(ding)并(bing)執行更加規(gui)范化(hua)的合(he)同談(tan)判、競價、會簽和(he)簽訂程(cheng)序，具體有以下幾點。

　　（一(yi)）通過競價選擇(ze)中標單位

　　1．標(biao)書(shu)的(de)制(zhi)作(zuo)標(biao)書(shu)的(de)內容(rong)包含工程圖紙、評標(biao)準則(ze)和合(he)同條款，合(he)同規定雙方責任、工期、質量(liang)

　　要(yao)求(qiu)、違約責任(ren)以(yi)及合同(tong)的中(zhong)斷(duan)和終止條件等(deng)。

　　2．邀(yao)標書的(de)發送(song)

　　一般情(qing)況下，邀標的(de)單位(wei)數量不應(ying)(ying)少于(yu)三家，并且所邀標的(de)單位(wei)都必須是(shi)企業篩選得出的(de)合格(ge)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)方。

　　3．發(fa)出招標文(wen)件

　　向那(nei)些達到要求和對標(biao)書有(you)良好(hao)反應的專業隊發出(chu)招標(biao)文件。

　　4．標書的收集

　　按照(zhao)規則(ze)，應該(gai)將標書密封，即采(cai)用(yong)郵(you)遞遞交(jiao)或者專人遞交(jiao)，對資金較少的(de)項目(mu)，可以采(cai)用(yong)傳真進行(xing)明傳，而(er)對一些過(guo)期的(de)改標書，應作(zuo)廢標處理。

　　5．評標

　　由現場經營部門、主辦部門、競價小組組長與財務管理(li)等相關評標(biao)人員組成評標(biao)小組，并(bing)且嚴(yan)格根據制(zhi)度來(lai)進行(xing)評標(biao)工作。

　　6．中標通知書

　　通告合適的中標單位(wei)，對其發出中標通知書。

　　7．合同的簽訂

　　合同雙方根(gen)據招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)文件來簽訂合同。通過公開(kai)競標(biao)(biao)而中標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)單位(wei)，即項目部門所(suo)選中的(de)(de)施(shi)工專業隊，必(bi)須承擔(dan)標(biao)(biao)書中所(suo)規定的(de)(de)施(shi)工任務。

　　（二）競標(biao)結果的審(shen)核(he)

　　在完成競(jing)標選擇工作(zuo)后，交于(yu)企業競(jing)價(jia)小組進行(xing)審核，并且要詳細描述競(jing)價(jia)的過程，表明選中單位(wei)的理由。

　　（三）合同的洽談(tan)

　　在(zai)(zai)企(qi)業執行部門(men)的統領(ling)下，現場與(yu)(yu)其他相關部門(men)相互合作，與(yu)(yu)中標單(dan)位(wei)開(kai)展合同的洽(qia)談(tan)。在(zai)(zai)談(tan)判時(shi)，對談(tan)判的內容(rong)進行詳細(xi)記(ji)(ji)錄，應包含：會(hui)談(tan)時(shi)間(jian)、地點、參與(yu)(yu)人員、談(tan)判事項(xiang)、談(tan)判結果(guo)、記(ji)(ji)錄人員和記(ji)(ji)錄時(shi)間(jian)等(deng)。

　　（四）起草合同

　　簽訂的經濟合(he)同應包(bao)含：標的、價格、數量(liang)、質量(liang)、工期、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)與地點、違約責任等，且應明確以(yi)(yi)下(xia)三點：第(di)一，對受托(tuo)方(fang)(fang)的授權(quan)范圍(wei)；第(di)二(er)，委(wei)托(tuo)方(fang)(fang)的介(jie)入深度與決策(ce)權(quan)力(li)；第(di)三，說明變更設計與工程簽訂管(guan)理應遵循的依(yi)據與原(yuan)則(ze)。除此以(yi)(yi)外，既要(yao)防止(zhi)委(wei)托(tuo)方(fang)(fang)的介(jie)入過(guo)甚和不(bu)合(he)理放權(quan)，又(you)要(yao)防止(zhi)受托(tuo)方(fang)(fang)的管(guan)理失職(zhi)和越權(quan)行為。

　　（五）合同的審批

　　把(ba)合(he)同交到企(qi)業經營部審(shen)批，相(xiang)關資(zi)料(liao)必須附上。在企(qi)業會簽審(shen)核后(hou)，即可完成(cheng)合(he)同的簽訂。最后(hou)，經營部門還要在現(xian)場把(ba)合(he)同的相(xiang)關資(zi)料(liao)進行復(fu)印，分發至有關部門。

　　（六）保(bao)修及(ji)其(qi)他(ta)約定

　　主辦方(fang)(fang)應與業(ye)主事先聲明：其一，必須(xu)嚴格執行我國(guo)規(gui)定的建設工(gong)程的最低(di)保(bao)修(xiu)(xiu)時長，但(dan)是在經過雙方(fang)(fang)協(xie)商(shang)之后可適當(dang)延長局部或(huo)全部保(bao)修(xiu)(xiu)期(qi)；其二，協(xie)助業(ye)主確定好(hao)保(bao)修(xiu)(xiu)期(qi)和最終工(gong)程尾款約(yue)定。

　　四、工程項目經濟合同的結算

　　項目部執行(xing)企業定下(xia)的合同結(jie)算程序，有(you)關合同結(jie)算的問(wen)題主要有(you)以下(xia)幾點(dian)。

　　（一）收集整理

　　經營部和(he)有關部門需認真收(shou)集與整理有關的合(he)同(tong)結算資料，主要(yao)包括(kuo)：合(he)同(tong)文(wen)件、電文(wen)消息和(he)來往信件，確(que)保進行合(he)同(tong)執行時有關憑證、單據的完整性。

　　（二）相(xiang)關憑證的處理

　　為加強經(jing)營(ying)部(bu)的(de)熟知合(he)(he)同的(de)履行狀況與進行合(he)(he)同管理的(de)工作(zuo)，在合(he)(he)同支(zhi)付初期，執(zhi)行單位(wei)需(xu)持相關憑證或者發票(piao)到經(jing)營(ying)部(bu)門，經(jing)過經(jing)營(ying)部(bu)門審(shen)核之后制定支(zhi)付通(tong)知文(wen)件，再由項目(mu)負責人審(shen)核；執(zhi)行部(bu)門要將已付賬(zhang)的(de)其(qi)他憑證或發票(piao)進行備份，并(bing)把復印件交于經(jing)營(ying)部(bu)門作(zuo)存檔用(yong)。

　　（三）驗收結算

　　在(zai)合(he)同(tong)雙方(fang)完成任務后，執行(xing)單位需(xu)及時帶領經營部(bu)與其他相關(guan)部(bu)門(men)對所完成的(de)項目進行(xing)驗收(shou)結算工作，在(zai)沒有差錯(cuo)的(de)狀況(kuang)下，雙方(fang)進行(xing)簽認(ren)、蓋章，進而宣布(bu)合(he)同(tong)的(de)終止(zhi)。

　　五、經濟合同的糾紛處理

　　（一）合同(tong)履行(xing)以及(ji)糾紛處(chu)理(li)

　　在簽訂(ding)好經(jing)(jing)濟合同(tong)(tong)(tong)后，需全面履(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，若(ruo)無法(fa)完成合同(tong)(tong)(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，應及時(shi)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)補(bu)救，降低損失。由現(xian)場經(jing)(jing)營(ying)部(bu)對合同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)狀況進行(xing)(xing)(xing)監督，定(ding)期將(jiang)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)情況匯報(bao)給企(qi)業經(jing)(jing)營(ying)部(bu)門，盡早反映合同(tong)(tong)(tong)管理(li)中出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。對于那些履(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)終(zhong)(zhong)止的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)，應該(gai)予以歸檔(dang)(dang)，然(ran)后同(tong)(tong)(tong)樣(yang)要向企(qi)業經(jing)(jing)營(ying)部(bu)門進行(xing)(xing)(xing)上(shang)報(bao)。每當現(xian)場項目終(zhong)(zhong)止時(shi)，合同(tong)(tong)(tong)管理(li)者應將(jiang)所(suo)有合同(tong)(tong)(tong)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)整理(li)，詳細報(bao)告合同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)結果，且將(jiang)整理(li)妥善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檔(dang)(dang)案上(shang)交企(qi)業經(jing)(jing)營(ying)部(bu)門。一(yi)旦發(fa)生合同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糾(jiu)紛事(shi)件，現(xian)場人員應盡快通知企(qi)業經(jing)(jing)營(ying)部(bu)門，積極參與事(shi)件處理(li)，找(zhao)到相關(guan)負責(ze)人，配合負責(ze)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作。

　　（二）XA項目(mu)中(zhong)兩個合同(tong)的糾紛處(chu)理

　　1．造橋機(ji)的施工(gong)合同

　　因為(wei)(wei)在(zai)該(gai)項目中，造(zao)(zao)(zao)橋機被頻(pin)繁使用，而造(zao)(zao)(zao)橋機在(zai)當期還(huan)屬于新型工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)初(chu)期階段，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進行(xing)得并不(bu)順(shun)利，造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進度(du)(du)(du)較慢。再者，承擔單位在(zai)與項目部洽(qia)談合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)時，對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)難度(du)(du)(du)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)期沒有做到(dao)合(he)(he)(he)理預估(gu)，造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)團隊已完成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量度(du)(du)(du)無法完全支付工(gong)(gong)(gong)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)，進而無法對(dui)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)進行(xing)履(lv)行(xing)。為(wei)(wei)了解決該(gai)糾(jiu)紛(fen)，造(zao)(zao)(zao)橋機單位提出解除合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)辦(ban)法。在(zai)經過項目部門(men)的(de)測算分析后，造(zao)(zao)(zao)橋機團隊確實因為(wei)(wei)自身(shen)原因與整體施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進度(du)(du)(du)無法正常履(lv)行(xing)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)，在(zai)報請企(qi)業同(tong)意后，沒收造(zao)(zao)(zao)橋機團隊的(de)履(lv)約(yue)保證資(zi)金(jin)，并將項目由原先的(de)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)單價結算向工(gong)(gong)(gong)班計時結算轉(zhuan)變(bian)。

　　2．錨具的供(gong)應合同

　　該(gai)合(he)同中(zhong)的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)方(fang)是由業(ye)主(zhu)通(tong)過招標而選中(zhong)的(de)(de)，在箱(xiang)梁預應(ying)力的(de)(de)施(shi)工過程中(zhong)，卻意外地(di)出(chu)現(xian)了安全(quan)事故。經鑒定得出(chu)，除了施(shi)工原因之外，造成(cheng)事故發(fa)生的(de)(de)另一個主(zhu)要原因是錨(mao)具的(de)(de)質量問題，經幾方(fang)協商(shang)之后，錨(mao)具供(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)同意賠償15萬元，最終供(gong)(gong)應(ying)合(he)同被解除。

　　六、結語

　　經濟(ji)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理(li)是(shi)(shi)一項非常關鍵的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)項目，要求合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理(li)者有(you)很強的(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)心，對業務有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)熟悉程度，并(bing)且掌(zhang)握經營管(guan)理(li)以(yi)及經濟(ji)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)法的(de)(de)(de)專業知(zhi)識(shi)。要全面做好(hao)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，對于(yu)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)方(fang)來說，選擇(ze)最合(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)方(fang)，相對而言(yan)，對于(yu)未(wei)來的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)履行成本(ben)和監控(kong)(kong)控(kong)(kong)制是(shi)(shi)有(you)幫(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)；在合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)條約方(fang)面，合(he)(he)理(li)完善的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)條款利于(yu)避(bi)免很多風險(xian)；在合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)履行監控(kong)(kong)方(fang)面，做好(hao)監控(kong)(kong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)可(ke)以(yi)幫(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)條約的(de)(de)(de)準確執行；在合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)終止方(fang)面，為了(le)規避(bi)一些(xie)未(wei)知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)，可(ke)以(yi)采取(qu)終止合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)措施。總而言(yan)之(zhi)，加強合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)能夠對企業的(de)(de)(de)經營水平與目標成本(ben)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高起到(dao)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)幫(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)。

工程項目論文15

　　社會的(de)(de)不斷發展與(yu)(yu)全社會人民精神文明水平的(de)(de)提高，帶動了(le)人們對環(huan)境保護與(yu)(yu)景(jing)觀(guan)生(sheng)態的(de)(de)覺(jue)悟與(yu)(yu)意識，城市建(jian)設越來越多地要(yao)求生(sheng)態環(huan)境建(jian)設與(yu)(yu)景(jing)觀(guan)文化建(jian)設，園林(lin)工程(cheng)項目管理(li)也逐漸成(cheng)為熱門(men)行業(ye)，呈現(xian)出前所未有(you)的(de)(de)蓬勃之勢。

　　1.園林工程

　　園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是確(que)保園林(lin)項目如(ru)期完(wan)成的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術，包括改造(zao)地形的(de)土方工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、掇山及置石工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、園路工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、園林(lin)理(li)水工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、種植工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)園林(lin)駁岸工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、噴(pen)泉(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、給水排水工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等，綜(zong)合性較高，涉及內容較廣(guang)，要求確(que)保園林(lin)項目在綜(zong)合發揮園林(lin)的(de)生態效(xiao)益、社(she)會效(xiao)益和(he)經濟效(xiao)益的(de)前提(ti)下，處理(li)好園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設施與園林(lin)景觀之間(jian)的(de)聯系。

　　園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點是具(ju)有唯一(yi)性(xing)、整體(ti)性(xing)和(he)(he)固定性(xing)。唯一(yi)性(xing)在于(yu)園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)具(ju)有明確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標，要(yao)求完成(cheng)(cheng)特(te)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品項(xiang)目(mu)，要(yao)求有具(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)時(shi)間、地點和(he)(he)條件；一(yi)個(ge)(ge)園林(lin)項(xiang)目(mu)是由各(ge)單項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相互協調、緊密聯(lian)系完成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，只(zhi)有整體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結合(he)才能保證項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利實現(xian)，是為園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)性(xing)；園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)以設(she)(she)計師圖紙(zhi)為基礎，受到各(ge)種客(ke)觀條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制，確(que)保了工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固定性(xing)，從而實現(xian)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)合(he)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)。除此之(zhi)外，園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)普通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)一(yi)樣，因受在建(jian)(jian)對象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活體(ti)性(xing)、原料價格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不穩(wen)定性(xing)、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)周(zhou)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣泛性(xing)與季節性(xing)等因素影(ying)響，對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)管(guan)理(li)與實踐有較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。

　　2.園林工程管理存在問題與解決辦法

　　為保證園林工(gong)程項目在完成(cheng)后達到預期的建設目標，就(jiu)要(yao)加強(qiang)對園林工(gong)程項目各個環節(jie)與內容之間的控制(zhi)和管(guan)理。

　　2.1園(yuan)林工程管理存在問題

　　園林(lin)(lin)工程管(guan)(guan)理主要包括(kuo)對園林(lin)(lin)工程的招投標管(guan)(guan)理、合(he)同管(guan)(guan)理、投資管(guan)(guan)理、組織協調(diao)管(guan)(guan)理、進度管(guan)(guan)理、質量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理、風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)理、信(xin)息管(guan)(guan)理和環境與安(an)全管(guan)(guan)理等。

　　由于管理的綜合(he)性(xing)較強，對管理人(ren)員的`綜合(he)素質要求較高(gao)，我國的園林工(gong)程發(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)完(wan)善，在管理方面仍存在較多問題。

　　2.1.1工程的(de)連(lian)貫性(xing)與整體性(xing)不強

　　業主方、設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)方與施工(gong)(gong)方三者的(de)目的(de)不同，對交(jiao)流的(de)重(zhong)視(shi)程(cheng)度不夠或缺(que)(que)乏溝通，項目從(cong)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)到施工(gong)(gong)，三方始(shi)終沒(mei)有(you)明確的(de)討論結果，不斷提(ti)出新想(xiang)法和新問題，往往導致設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)最初理念不再(zai)。園(yuan)林工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)管(guan)理者沒(mei)有(you)在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)(she)之初妥善(shan)處(chu)理好(hao)三方的(de)關系和溝通工(gong)(gong)作，致使工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)建設(she)(she)(she)管(guan)理方案在不斷地(di)改變(bian)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)缺(que)(que)少(shao)了(le)整體性安(an)排與連(lian)貫性建設(she)(she)(she)，項目也(ye)變(bian)得支離(li)破碎。

　　2.1.2工程的生態體現不足(zu)

　　中國傳統園林(lin)之所以取得輝煌的(de)(de)成就經久不衰，是(shi)因為古(gu)典園林(lin)大多遵循了“天人(ren)合一，師法自(zi)然”的(de)(de)思(si)想內涵(han)，現今的(de)(de)園林(lin)設(she)計缺(que)少對這一主旨的(de)(de)思(si)考，園林(lin)工程在建設(she)過程中也(ye)缺(que)少管(guan)理(li)者有(you)意識的(de)(de)指導，工人(ren)不善于利用場地(di)已有(you)的(de)(de)自(zi)然條件(jian)輔(fu)助建設(she)，不懂(dong)得將(jiang)外部環境(jing)納(na)入原有(you)景觀(guan)體系，只(zhi)會盲目地(di)推(tui)平重建，不僅浪費(fei)時間與精(jing)力，更無(wu)法實(shi)現自(zi)然景觀(guan)和人(ren)工景觀(guan)的(de)(de)有(you)機互補。

　　2.1.3工程的文化內涵缺失

　　工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)文化(hua)內涵，一方面取(qu)決于設(she)(she)計(ji)者(zhe)的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)思想和表達方式(shi)(shi)，另一方面就(jiu)要(yao)求園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)建設(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中準確理(li)解設(she)(she)計(ji)者(zhe)的(de)意圖(tu)，并通過(guo)良(liang)好的(de)技術手(shou)段完成表達。一些園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在挖掘景觀(guan)要(yao)素的(de)文化(hua)內涵方面存在明顯不足，在建設(she)(she)時只(zhi)注重景觀(guan)的(de)視覺效果，無視環境(jing)意境(jing)的(de)營造，或意境(jing)營造流于形式(shi)(shi)，落實的(de)項目(mu)往往沒有靈魂。以大連市(shi)為例，越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)人工(gong)(gong)海(hai)濱開放建設(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，者(zhe)對項目(mu)的(de)點題只(zhi)會在雕塑(su)和刻字方面下(xia)功(gong)夫，不懂得(de)在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)完成后仍能讓使用者(zhe)感受到海(hai)濱的(de)自然之(zhi)景才是設(she)(she)計(ji)最好的(de)表達。

　　2.1.4工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)經濟效(xiao)率低(di)下

　　工(gong)程的(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)低(di)下是(shi)園林工(gong)程發(fa)展初期難以克服的(de)(de)問題，也(ye)是(shi)工(gong)程之(zhi)所以需要管理者(zhe)的(de)(de)意義(yi)所在。工(gong)程的(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)，不(bu)僅影(ying)響了項目(mu)的(de)(de)整體性(xing)與連貫性(xing)，影(ying)響項目(mu)的(de)(de)實際建設質(zhi)量和需求(qiu)，也(ye)影(ying)響著施工(gong)方自(zi)身的(de)(de)經濟利益。

　　2.2園林工程管理(li)問題解(jie)決辦法

　　要解(jie)決園林(lin)工(gong)程及管理中存在的各種問題，要求管理者理解(jie)工(gong)程管理這項(xiang)一項(xiang)全方位、多學科融合的工(gong)作，從(cong)宏觀上理解(jie)管理和工(gong)程。

　　首(shou)先要求(qiu)園林工(gong)(gong)程管理過(guo)程中妥善處理好設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)交(jiao)底和圖(tu)紙(zhi)會審工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。應要求(qiu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)單位(wei)詳細介紹設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)意(yi)圖(tu)，并組織施工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)認(ren)真學(xue)習(xi)，領會設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)與(yu)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)思(si)想內涵(han)；在滿足總體設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)要求(qiu)和保證工(gong)(gong)程質量的(de)前提(ti)下，結合自身(shen)施工(gong)(gong)隊伍(wu)特點，根據施工(gong)(gong)項目實(shi)際情(qing)況，對設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)與(yu)施工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)紙(zhi)提(ti)出修改意(yi)見，確保設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)方案在施工(gong)(gong)的(de)過(guo)程中實(shi)現雙贏；相關管理人(ren)才除了(le)掌(zhang)握專業知識外，也(ye)應具備良(liang)好的(de)文化與(yu)美學(xue)素養，利用自身(shen)管理方法(fa)、施工(gong)(gong)技藝和靈感(gan)創(chuang)意(yi)良(liang)好地指導(dao)施工(gong)(gong)。

　　其(qi)次，應加強(qiang)園(yuan)林(lin)工程(cheng)的(de)施工管(guan)理。一是(shi)建立良(liang)好的(de)園(yuan)林(lin)工程(cheng)管(guan)理模(mo)式，二是(shi)加強(qiang)園(yuan)林(lin)工程(cheng)項(xiang)目的(de)質量管(guan)理，三是(shi)對工程(cheng)的(de)進度(du)(du)實施管(guan)理，包括進度(du)(du)的(de)合理規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)、控制和協調(diao)，編制總進度(du)(du)和分進度(du)(du)計劃(hua)(hua)，四是(shi)要做好工程(cheng)預算等工作。

　　3.園林工程成本控制要素

　　園林工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)成本(ben)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，主(zhu)要體現在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段的(de)成本(ben)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)驗收(shou)階段的(de)成本(ben)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)兩個時期(qi)。

　　3.1施工階段成本控(kong)制要素

　　在保證工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)的(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，完(wan)成施(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段的(de)(de)成本(ben)控制，要求園林工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，建立健全完(wan)善的(de)(de)成本(ben)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制，建立項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制度，實行項目(mu)(mu)經理(li)競爭上崗、項目(mu)(mu)負責制等(deng)制度以降低(di)(di)機制成本(ben)；在具體(ti)(ti)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，努力降低(di)(di)原料成本(ben)，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)(dui)物料的(de)(de)領用和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作，做好(hao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)記錄與(yu)統(tong)計(ji)工(gong)(gong)作，在操作中(zhong)發現問題，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，節約支出、降低(di)(di)成本(ben)；對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案(an)進行優(you)(you)化(hua)，比較選擇較優(you)(you)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)設備，科學地組織施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，減少(shao)設備空置率(lv)，提高施(shi)工(gong)(gong)機械(xie)使用效率(lv)。此(ci)外，還應加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)(dui)固定(ding)資產(chan)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，對(dui)(dui)辦公、差(cha)旅(lv)(lv)、招待和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場消耗等(deng)各項費(fei)用的(de)(de)控制，并嚴格(ge)控制管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)費(fei)用，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)辦公、差(cha)旅(lv)(lv)、招待及水、電、煤(mei)氣等(deng)各項費(fei)用。

　　3.2驗收階段成本控制要(yao)素

　　工程竣(jun)工后(hou)，項(xiang)目相關負(fu)責人(ren)在自(zi)檢確認項(xiang)目工程達(da)標后(hou)，積極組織(zhi)業主方(fang)和(he)監理方(fang)完成工程的(de)驗收，減少(shao)工程后(hou)續不必要的(de)管理成本；做(zuo)好對(dui)工程設施(shi)(shi)和(he)材料的(de)管理工作，宏觀把握責任內各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)工程、各(ge)(ge)種設施(shi)(shi)、各(ge)(ge)種材料之間的(de)聯系，確保(bao)資(zi)源的(de)合理分配和(he)使(shi)用(yong)。

　　掌握園林工程(cheng)各階段成本(ben)(ben)(ben)控制要素(su)做(zuo)好(hao)工程(cheng)的(de)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)控制，要求工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)做(zuo)好(hao)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)分(fen)(fen)析，包括成本(ben)(ben)(ben)對比、成本(ben)(ben)(ben)糾偏和成本(ben)(ben)(ben)檢查；做(zuo)好(hao)綜合分(fen)(fen)析，即(ji)工程(cheng)成本(ben)(ben)(ben)總分(fen)(fen)析；做(zuo)好(hao)項目分(fen)(fen)析，比較工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)項目成本(ben)(ben)(ben)構成比例；做(zuo)好(hao)人工費與材料(liao)費分(fen)(fen)析等(deng)。在此基礎之上，結合各要素(su)在具(ju)體(ti)工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)中(zhong)不斷完善(shan)和補充管(guan)(guan)理(li)方案，從而在施工中(zhong)提高工程(cheng)效率和企業效益。

　　4.結束語

　　園(yuan)(yuan)林工程(cheng)(cheng)管理包含(han)的內容有(you)很多(duo)(duo)，一項(xiang)合(he)格(ge)工程(cheng)(cheng)的建(jian)設落實，需要多(duo)(duo)個環節、多(duo)(duo)個部門(men)、眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo)人員之間相互協(xie)助(zhu)、密切配(pei)合(he)。只有(you)園(yuan)(yuan)林工程(cheng)(cheng)質量符合(he)要求，進(jin)度符合(he)要求，工程(cheng)(cheng)投資與收益合(he)理，才能使(shi)園(yuan)(yuan)林工程(cheng)(cheng)單位取(qu)得良(liang)好的經濟效益，也保證整個園(yuan)(yuan)林行業的有(you)序(xu)運轉。

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