一、so是(shi)(shi)副詞(ci)(ci),修飾形(xing)容(rong)詞(ci)(ci)和副詞(ci)(ci);而such是(shi)(shi)形(xing)容(rong)詞(ci)(ci),修飾名(ming)詞(ci)(ci)。它(ta)們后(hou)面都接(jie)單數(shu)可數(shu)名(ming)詞(ci)(ci),但詞(ci)(ci)序(xu)不同。
1、so的詞序(xu)為(wei):so+adj.+a(an)+n.
2、such的(de)詞序為:such+a(an)+adj.+n.
它們可(ke)以(yi)表(biao)達同(tong)樣的意思,因此(ci)它們可(ke)以(yi)進(jin)行同(tong)義改寫(xie)。
(1)so nice a coat=such a nice coat 這么漂亮的一件外套
(2)so interesting a book=such an interesting book 那么(me)有趣(qu)的一本書(shu)
注意:后面接(jie)復數名詞或不可數名詞時,只能(neng)用(yong)such,而不能(neng)用(yong)so。例如(ru):
(1)such beautiful flowers 這么美麗(li)的花
(2)such clever children 如此聰明的孩(hai)子
但(dan)是(shi),復數(shu)名詞(ci)或不(bu)可(ke)數(shu)名詞(ci)前有many,few,much,little修飾時,只(zhi)能(neng)用(yong)(yong)so而不(bu)能(neng)用(yong)(yong)such,這是(shi)一種固(gu)定用(yong)(yong)法(fa)。例如:
(1)so many books 這么多的書(shu)
(2)so few people 這(zhe)么少的人
(3)so much money 那么多的錢(qian)
(4)so little milk 那么少的牛奶
二、和(he)that連(lian)用時,意思(si)基本一樣(yang),但句(ju)型結構不同。so...that...句(ju)型結構為:
1、so+adj.(adv.)+that...
2、so+adj.+a(an)+單數名詞(ci)+that...
3、so+many(few)+復(fu)數名詞+that...
4、so+much(little)+不(bu)可數名(ming)詞+that...例如:
(1)This book is so interesting that I have read it three times.這本書如此有趣,我已經(jing)看了三遍(bian)。
(2)He spoke so fast that we couldn’t understand him.他說得太快,我們都未(wei)能(neng)聽懂(dong)他的話。
(3)It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.天氣很熱,誰(shui)都不想干活。
(4)There were so many people that we could hardly move on.這么(me)多人(ren),我們簡直無法繼續往前走。
5、such...that...句型結構為:
6、such+a(an)+adj.+單數名詞+that...
7、such+adj.+復數名詞(ci)+that...
8、such+adj.+不可數名詞+that...例如(ru):
(1)She is such a pretty girl that everyone likes her.她是(shi)個(ge)很可愛的小姑娘,大家都喜歡她。
(2)They are such delicious cakes that I want to eat another two.這么可(ke)口(kou)的蛋糕,我(wo)還想(xiang)再吃兩塊。
(3)It is such sweet milk that we all want to drink it.這(zhe)么香的牛奶,我(wo)們都(dou)想喝。
注意(yi):由于so和such后跟單數可(ke)數名詞(ci)時,可(ke)以換用,同樣so...that...與such...that...也可(ke)以進(jin)行同義句改寫(xie)。如上文中(zhong):This book is so interesting that I have read it three times.可(ke)改寫(xie)成(cheng):This is such an interesting book that I have read it three times. It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.可(ke)改寫(xie)成(cheng):It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
三、so與that可以(yi)直接構(gou)成詞組so that,引(yin)導目的狀語(yu)從(cong)句和結果狀語(yu)從(cong)句,表示“以(yi)便、以(yi)至”的意思。例如(ru):
He worked hard so that he could pass theexams.為了能通過考試(shi),他(ta)學習(xi)很認(ren)真。(但such沒有這種用(yong)法。)