燭之武(wu)退(tui)秦師的原文翻譯

　　在(zai)日常的(de)學習中，大(da)家一定都接觸過文(wen)言(yan)(yan)文(wen)吧？其實(shi)，文(wen)言(yan)(yan)文(wen)是(shi)相對現(xian)今(jin)新文(wen)化運動(dong)之后白話文(wen)而講(jiang)的(de)，古代并無文(wen)言(yan)(yan)文(wen)這一說法。為了讓(rang)更多人(ren)學習到文(wen)言(yan)(yan)文(wen)的(de)精華，下面是(shi)小(xiao)編整理的(de)《燭之武(wu)退(tui)秦(qin)師》的(de)原(yuan)文(wen)翻譯，歡(huan)迎大(da)家分享。

　　原文

　　九月甲(jia)午，晉(jin)侯(hou)、秦(qin)伯圍鄭，以其無禮(li)于晉(jin)，且貳于楚也(ye)。晉(jin)軍函陵，秦(qin)軍汜南。

　　佚(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)狐言于(yu)鄭伯曰：“國危矣！若(ruo)使燭之(zhi)(zhi)武見秦(qin)君(jun)，師(shi)必退(tui)。”公從之(zhi)(zhi)。辭曰：“臣之(zhi)(zhi)壯(zhuang)也(ye)，猶(you)不(bu)如人；今(jin)老矣，無(wu)能(neng)為也(ye)已(yi)。”公曰：“吾不(bu)能(neng)早用子，今(jin)急而求子，是寡人之(zhi)(zhi)過也(ye)。然鄭亡，子亦有不(bu)利焉！”許之(zhi)(zhi)。

　　夜，縋(zhui)而出。見秦伯曰：“秦、晉(jin)圍鄭(zheng)(zheng)，鄭(zheng)(zheng)既知(zhi)亡(wang)矣(yi)。若(ruo)(ruo)亡(wang)鄭(zheng)(zheng)而有(you)(you)益(yi)于君，敢(gan)以煩(fan)執事。越(yue)國以鄙遠，君知(zhi)其(qi)難也(ye)(ye)。焉用亡(wang)鄭(zheng)(zheng)以陪鄰？鄰之(zhi)厚(hou)，君之(zhi)薄也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)舍鄭(zheng)(zheng)以為(wei)東(dong)道主，行李之(zhi)往來，共其(qi)乏困，君亦(yi)無所(suo)害。且(qie)君嘗(chang)為(wei)晉(jin)君賜(si)矣(yi)。許君焦、瑕，朝濟(ji)而夕設(she)版焉，君之(zhi)所(suo)知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)晉(jin)何厭之(zhi)有(you)(you)？既東(dong)封鄭(zheng)(zheng)，又欲肆其(qi)西封。闕秦以利晉(jin)，唯君圖之(zhi)。”

　　秦伯說，與(yu)鄭(zheng)人盟，使杞子(zi)、逢孫(sun)、楊孫(sun)戍之，乃還。

　　子(zi)犯請擊(ji)之，公曰：“不可。微夫人之力(li)不及此(ci)。因人之力(li)而敝之，不仁；失其(qi)所與，不知(zhi)；以亂易整，不武。吾其(qi)還也。”亦去之。

　　譯文

　　九月(yue)十三日(ri)，晉文公和(he)秦穆公聯合起(qi)來包圍鄭國(guo)(guo)(guo)，因(yin)為鄭國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)君對晉國(guo)(guo)(guo)無(wu)禮，并且心向楚國(guo)(guo)(guo)。當時，晉軍駐(zhu)扎在(zai)函陵，秦軍駐(zhu)扎在(zai)汜水南面(mian)。

　　佚之狐對鄭(zheng)文(wen)公說：“國家(jia)很(hen)危險了(le)，如果派燭之武(wu)朝見(jian)秦穆公，敵軍(jun)一定會撤回去。”鄭(zheng)文(wen)公依(yi)從了(le)他(ta)的(de)(de)意見(jian)。燭之武(wu)卻推辭(ci)說：“老(lao)臣年輕力壯的(de)(de)時候，尚且比(bi)不上人家(jia)。現(xian)(xian)在老(lao)了(le)，干不了(le)什么了(le)。”鄭(zheng)文(wen)公說：“我(wo)不能及早任用您，現(xian)(xian)在形(xing)勢危急(ji)才(cai)來求您，這是我(wo)的(de)(de)過錯。可是鄭(zheng)國亡了(le)，您也有不利的(de)(de)地方(fang)啊！”燭之武(wu)這才(cai)答應(ying)了(le)。

　　夜里，用(yong)繩子把燭(zhu)之武(wu)吊出了城。燭(zhu)之武(wu)拜(bai)見秦穆公，說：“秦晉(jin)兩國(guo)(guo)(guo)圍攻鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)已(yi)(yi)經知道要(yao)亡(wang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)了。要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)滅亡(wang)而對您(nin)(nin)(nin)有(you)利，那(nei)(nei)就麻煩您(nin)(nin)(nin)進行這場戰爭吧！但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，跨過(guo)一(yi)個(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家而把遠地作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)邊邑(yi)，您(nin)(nin)(nin)知道這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)很困難的(de)(de)(de)；哪(na)里用(yong)得著滅亡(wang)鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)來增加鄰(lin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)土地呢(ni)？鄰(lin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)實力(li)增強了，貴(gui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)實力(li)就減(jian)弱(ruo)了。要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)過(guo)鄭(zheng)讓它(ta)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)東路(lu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)人(ren)，秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)外交(jiao)官員來來往往，也好(hao)供應(ying)些他們所短(duan)缺的(de)(de)(de)東西(xi)(xi)，您(nin)(nin)(nin)也不(bu)會(hui)有(you)什么害處(chu)。況且(qie)您(nin)(nin)(nin)已(yi)(yi)經給過(guo)晉(jin)惠公好(hao)處(chu)了。他答(da)應(ying)給您(nin)(nin)(nin)焦邑(yi)和瑕邑(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)酬謝(xie)，可是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)他早上(shang)一(yi)過(guo)黃(huang)河，晚(wan)上(shang)就在那(nei)(nei)里修筑工事(shi)來防備您(nin)(nin)(nin)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)您(nin)(nin)(nin)知道的(de)(de)(de)。晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)哪(na)有(you)滿足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)時候？它(ta)已(yi)(yi)經向東把鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)邊界，又向西(xi)(xi)邊擴展(zhan)疆土。損(sun)害了秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)卻讓晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)得到好(hao)處(chu)，您(nin)(nin)(nin)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)考慮考慮這件事(shi)情(qing)吧！”

　　秦穆(mu)公聽(ting)了很高興(xing)，就跟鄭(zheng)(zheng)國訂(ding)立盟約，派杞(qi)子、逢孫(sun)和楊孫(sun)駐守(shou)鄭(zheng)(zheng)國，這才啟程回國。

　　子(zi)犯（即狐偃）請(qing)求(qiu)進攻秦軍，晉文公說：“不(bu)(bu)能這樣做。要不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)那個人的力量，我(wo)們(men)不(bu)(bu)會有今天。依(yi)靠人家(jia)的力量卻去(qu)損害(hai)人家(jia)，這是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)仁；失去(qu)了自己同盟(meng)國家(jia)，這是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)智；用互相競(jing)賽來代替團結一致，這是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)武。我(wo)們(men)還是(shi)(shi)撤回去(qu)吧！”晉軍也(ye)離開了鄭國。

　　賞讀

　　本篇以(yi)對話(hua)著名。燭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武(wu)與秦(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)的(de)對話(hua)，先(xian)就秦(qin)鄭(zheng)(zheng)關(guan)系(xi)立論(lun)，說明“亡鄭(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)陪鄰(lin)”，于秦(qin)無益反有(you)(you)害(hai)；若(ruo)“舍鄭(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)為(wei)東道主”，則對秦(qin)無害(hai)而有(you)(you)益。接著就秦(qin)與晉的(de)關(guan)系(xi)立論(lun)，先(xian)舉舊例，說明晉人(ren)慣于背惠忘恩，用(yong)以(yi)離間兩(liang)國(guo)關(guan)系(xi)，再進(jin)一(yi)步指出(chu)亡鄭(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，晉人(ren)勢(shi)必“闕秦(qin)以(yi)利晉”。層層剖析，入(ru)情入(ru)理，聽起來(lai)好(hao)像不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)保存(cun)鄭(zheng)(zheng)國(guo)，簡直是(shi)(shi)為(wei)秦(qin)國(guo)的(de)利害(hai)存(cun)亡設想，因(yin)而深深打動了(le)秦(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)。燭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武(wu)在危急時刻，挽(wan)救了(le)鄭(zheng)(zheng)國(guo)，其能言善辯、機智果敢的(de)形象(xiang)立現于紙上。文(wen)章(zhang)兩(liang)妙的(de)是(shi)(shi)燭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武(wu)與鄭(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)的(de)對話(hua)。燭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武(wu)的(de)婉拒(ju)平添了(le)一(yi)段(duan)波瀾(lan)：“臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)壯也，猶不(bu)(bu)如人(ren)；今(jin)老矣，無能為(wei)也已。”從中可以(yi)看出(chu)其久不(bu)(bu)得志的(de)悲(bei)哀(ai)。這(zhe)(zhe)樣一(yi)個(ge)以(yi)其雄辯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)退去秦(qin)晉虎狼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵，扶大廈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)將傾，挽(wan)狂瀾(lan)于既倒的(de)棟(dong)梁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)，竟然一(yi)直不(bu)(bu)被重(zhong)用(yong)，實在是(shi)(shi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)的(de)悲(bei)劇(ju)，也是(shi)(shi)燭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武(wu)的(de)悲(bei)劇(ju)，但(dan)愿這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)悲(bei)劇(ju)不(bu)(bu)再重(zhong)演！

　　歷史背景

　　九月甲午時(shi)(shi)，秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)、晉(jin)(jin)圍鄭(zheng)發生(sheng)在公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)630年(nian)(nian)(nian)（魯僖(xi)公(gong)(gong)三十年(nian)(nian)(nian)）。在這(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)，鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)兩(liang)(liang)件事(shi)得罪了(le)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)晉(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)當(dang)(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)逃亡路過鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)，鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)沒(mei)有(you)以(yi)(yi)禮相待；二(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)632年(nian)(nian)(nian)（魯僖(xi)公(gong)(gong)二(er)(er)十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)晉(jin)(jin)、楚(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)濮之(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)中，鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)曾(ceng)出兵幫助楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)（《左傳·僖(xi)公(gong)(gong)二(er)(er)十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)》：“役之(zhi)(zhi)三月，鄭(zheng)伯(bo)如楚(chu)致(zhi)其師”）。結(jie)果，城(cheng)(cheng)濮之(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)以(yi)(yi)楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)失敗而告終。鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)感到(dao)形(xing)勢不妙，馬(ma)上(shang)派(pai)子人九出使晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，與晉(jin)(jin)結(jie)好。甚至在公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)632年(nian)(nian)(nian)五月，“晉(jin)(jin)侯及(ji)鄭(zheng)伯(bo)盟于衡雍”。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)，最終也沒(mei)能感化晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。晉(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)（重(zhong)耳）為了(le)爭(zheng)(zheng)奪霸權的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)，還是(shi)(shi)(shi)在兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)發動了(le)這(zhe)次戰(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)。晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)為什么要(yao)聯合秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)圍攻鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)呢？這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為，秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)也要(yao)爭(zheng)(zheng)奪霸權，也需(xu)要(yao)向外擴(kuo)張。發生(sheng)在公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)632年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)濮之(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)，事(shi)實(shi)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)(liang)大軍事(shi)集團之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)'戰(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)。一(yi)(yi)方是(shi)(shi)(shi)晉(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)率晉(jin)(jin)、宋、齊、秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)四(si)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)聯軍，另一(yi)(yi)方則是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)為主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)楚(chu)、陳、蔡、鄭(zheng)四(si)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)聯軍（鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)名義上(shang)沒(mei)有(you)參(can)戰(zhan)，實(shi)際(ji)上(shang)已提前(qian)(qian)派(pai)軍隊(dui)到(dao)楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)）。兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)，當(dang)(dang)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發動對(dui)(dui)鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)時(shi)(shi)，自然(ran)要(yao)尋找得力的(de)(de)(de)(de)伙伴。這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也有(you)向外擴(kuo)張的(de)(de)(de)(de)愿(yuan)望(wang)，加上(shang)可以(yi)(yi)去(qu)“撈(lao)上(shang)一(yi)(yi)把”（實(shi)質這(zhe)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)與秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)幾乎沒(mei)有(you)關系），所以(yi)(yi)，秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)、晉(jin)(jin)聯合也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)。鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)被(bei)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)、晉(jin)(jin)兩(liang)(liang)個大國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)包圍，危在旦夕，鄭(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)派(pai)能言(yan)善辯的(de)(de)(de)(de)燭之(zhi)(zhi)武前(qian)(qian)去(qu)說(shuo)(shuo)服秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)伯(bo)。燭之(zhi)(zhi)武巧妙地勾(gou)起秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)穆公(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)、晉(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)記憶，向秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)伯(bo)分(fen)(fen)析了(le)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)勢，采(cai)取(qu)分(fen)(fen)化瓦解的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法，說(shuo)(shuo)明了(le)保存鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)有(you)利、滅(mie)掉鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)不利的(de)(de)(de)(de)道理(li)，終于說(shuo)(shuo)服了(le)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)伯(bo)。

　　背景材料

　　史記(ji)有(you)關記(ji)載二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年，晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)圉(yu)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)君(jun)病，曰：“梁，我(wo)母家(jia)也(ye)，而(er)(er)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)滅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。我(wo)兄弟(di)多(duo)，即君(jun)百歲后(hou)，秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)必留我(wo)，而(er)(er)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)輕，亦(yi)(yi)更立(li)他子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)圉(yu)乃(nai)亡歸晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年，晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卒，子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)圉(yu)立(li)為君(jun)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)怨圉(yu)亡去，乃(nai)迎(ying)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)重(zhong)耳(er)(er)(er)于(yu)(yu)(yu)楚(chu)，而(er)(er)妻以(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)圉(yu)妻。重(zhong)耳(er)(er)(er)初謝，后(hou)乃(nai)受。穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益禮(li)厚遇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年春，秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)使(shi)人(ren)靠晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)臣(chen)，欲入重(zhong)耳(er)(er)(er)。晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)許之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)使(shi)人(ren)送(song)重(zhong)耳(er)(er)(er)。二(er)(er)月，重(zhong)耳(er)(er)(er)立(li)為晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)君(jun)，是(shi)(shi)為文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)人(ren)殺子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)圉(yu)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)圉(yu)是(shi)(shi)為懷公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。其秋，周(zhou)襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)弟(di)帶以(yi)翟伐王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)出居鄭(zheng)(zheng)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)五年，周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)人(ren)告(gao)難于(yu)(yu)(yu)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)將(jiang)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)助晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)入襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，殺王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)弟(di)帶。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)八年，晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)敗(bai)(bai)楚(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)城濮。三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)年，穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)助晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圍鄭(zheng)(zheng)。鄭(zheng)(zheng)使(shi)人(ren)言(yan)穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰：“亡鄭(zheng)(zheng)厚晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)得矣，而(er)(er)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)未有(you)利。晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)強，秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)憂也(ye)。”穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)乃(nai)罷(ba)(ba)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)歸。晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)亦(yi)(yi)罷(ba)(ba)。三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年冬，晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卒。鄭(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)有(you)賣鄭(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)曰：“我(wo)主(zhu)其城門，鄭(zheng)(zheng)可襲(xi)也(ye)。”穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)問蹇叔、百里奚，對曰：“徑數國(guo)千(qian)里而(er)(er)襲(xi)人(ren)，希有(you)得利者。且(qie)人(ren)賣鄭(zheng)(zheng)，庸知中國(guo)人(ren)不有(you)以(yi)我(wo)情告(gao)鄭(zheng)(zheng)者乎？不可。”穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰：“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不知也(ye)，吾已決矣。”遂(sui)發(fa)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)，使(shi)百里奚子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孟明視(shi)，蹇叔子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)西乞術及白乙丙(bing)將(jiang)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。行(xing)日，百里奚、蹇叔二(er)(er)人(ren)哭(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。繆公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)，怒(nu)曰：“孤(gu)發(fa)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)而(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)沮哭(ku)吾軍，何也(ye)？”二(er)(er)老(lao)曰：“臣(chen)非敢沮君(jun)軍。軍行(xing)、臣(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)與往(wang)；臣(chen)老(lao)，遲還恐(kong)不相見(jian)，故(gu)哭(ku)耳(er)(er)(er)。”二(er)(er)老(lao)退(tui)，謂其子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰：“汝軍即敗(bai)(bai)，必于(yu)(yu)(yu)肴阨(e)矣。”三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年春，秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)遂(sui)東，更晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)地，過周(zhou)北門。周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)孫滿(man)曰：“秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)師無(wu)(wu)禮(li)，不敗(bai)(bai)何待！”兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)至(zhi)滑(hua)，鄭(zheng)(zheng)販賣賈人(ren)弦高，持十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)牛(niu)，將(jiang)賣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)，見(jian)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)，恐(kong)死虜(lu)，因獻其牛(niu)，曰：“聞(wen)(wen)(wen)大(da)國(guo)將(jiang)誅鄭(zheng)(zheng)，鄭(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)謹修守御(yu)備，使(shi)臣(chen)以(yi)牛(niu)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)勞軍士。”秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)三(san)(san)將(jiang)軍相謂曰：“將(jiang)襲(xi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)，鄭(zheng)(zheng)今已覺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，往(wang)無(wu)(wu)及已。”滅滑(hua)。滑(hua)，晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邊邑也(ye)。當是(shi)(shi)時(shi)，晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)喪尚未葬。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)怒(nu)曰：“秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)侮我(wo)孤(gu)，因喪破我(wo)滑(hua)。”遂(sui)墨衰绖(die)，發(fa)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)遮秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)于(yu)(yu)(yu)肴，擊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，大(da)破秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍，無(wu)(wu)一人(ren)得脫者。虜(lu)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)三(san)(san)將(jiang)以(yi)歸。文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫人(ren)，秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)女也(ye)，為秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)三(san)(san)囚(qiu)將(jiang)請曰：“穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怨此(ci)三(san)(san)人(ren)入于(yu)(yu)(yu)骨髓，愿令(ling)此(ci)三(san)(san)人(ren)歸，令(ling)我(wo)君(jun)得自快烹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)君(jun)許之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，歸秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)三(san)(san)將(jiang)。三(san)(san)將(jiang)至(zhi)，穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)素服郊迎(ying)，向三(san)(san)人(ren)哭(ku)曰：“孤(gu)以(yi)不用百里奚、蹇叔言(yan)以(yi)辱三(san)(san)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，三(san)(san)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)何罪乎？子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)其悉心雪恥，毋怠。”遂(sui)復(fu)三(san)(san)人(ren)官秩如故(gu)，愈(yu)益厚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年，楚(chu)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)商臣(chen)弒(shi)其父成王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)代立(li)。

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