關于公共管理的論文

　　古典文(wen)學(xue)(xue)常見(jian)論文(wen)一詞，謂(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)談辭章或交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)思想。當代，論文(wen)常用來指進行各(ge)個(ge)學(xue)(xue)術領域(yu)的研究和(he)描(miao)述(shu)學(xue)(xue)術研究成果的文(wen)章，簡(jian)稱之為論文(wen)。下面是(shi)關于公共管理的論文(wen)，請參考(kao)！

　　關于公共管理的論文

　　公共管理學科建設的研究分析

　　摘要：公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)興起和發展(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)教育(yu)事(shi)業的(de)(de)(de)重大進(jin)步。從公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)發展(zhan)(zhan)現狀(zhuang)入手，概述了公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)歷程和必要性，并認為(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)培(pei)(pei)養體(ti)系(xi)較(jiao)為(wei)單一、人(ren)才培(pei)(pei)養不足、公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)團(tuan)隊建設有待(dai)加強(qiang)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)界(jie)限難(nan)以(yi)界(jie)定以(yi)及與其他學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)融合有待(dai)強(qiang)化是(shi)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)難(nan)點所在(zai)。因此為(wei)了提高(gao)(gao)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)發展(zhan)(zhan)水平，提升學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)綜合素質，本文(wen)建議應構建多樣化的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)系(xi)、加強(qiang)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)高(gao)(gao)層(ceng)次(ci)人(ren)才培(pei)(pei)養、提高(gao)(gao)研究(jiu)團(tuan)隊的(de)(de)(de)合作創新、進(jin)一步提升公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)內涵研究(jiu)，以(yi)推動我(wo)(wo)國(guo)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)跨越式發展(zhan)(zhan)。

　　關鍵詞：公共管理；學(xue)科建(jian)設；創新

　　一、引言

　　公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)一門綜(zong)合(he)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。縱觀公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)哈佛(fo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肯尼(ni)迪(di)政(zheng)府管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院是(shi)世界(jie)上(shang)最著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)起步較(jiao)(jiao)晚，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)主要(yao)(yao)借鑒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)達(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)經驗(yan)。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)府多次(ci)派學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)赴(fu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)知(zhi)識(shi)，從而(er)提(ti)高(gao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)水平。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)著名(ming)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，例(li)如北京大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、清華(hua)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、南京大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)民大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等都設(she)(she)(she)(she)有公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院。然(ran)而(er)，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)起步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間較(jiao)(jiao)短，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)面臨諸多問(wen)題，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)高(gao)校(xiao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)人(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養需要(yao)(yao)提(ti)高(gao)和改善，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生對(dui)(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)識(shi)還(huan)有待加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)。因(yin)此，本(ben)文對(dui)(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)進(jin)行(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于提(ti)高(gao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)水平，提(ti)升學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合(he)素質，以(yi)及(ji)促進(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)都具有重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)義。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際上(shang)，關(guan)于公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)。RendonandSenider（2010）、Halligan（2016）認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)促進(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)利(li)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效實(shi)(shi)現(xian)，政(zheng)府部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)決策需要(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)類(lei)(lei)人(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)體(ti)參與。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)應(ying)(ying)(ying)加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)與其他學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融合(he)，政(zheng)府應(ying)(ying)(ying)運用公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作為(wei)(wei)行(xing)政(zheng)決策公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動力。Cepiku（2013）以(yi)意(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)利(li)作為(wei)(wei)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究對(dui)(dui)(dui)象，探討公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)趨勢。其研(yan)(yan)(yan)究發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)了意(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)類(lei)(lei)專(zhuan)業(ye)，已(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)類(lei)(lei)專(zhuan)業(ye)中(zhong)占據主要(yao)(yao)位(wei)置，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)類(lei)(lei)專(zhuan)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)意(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)已(yi)漸成規(gui)模(mo)，受(shou)歐洲(zhou)政(zheng)治與行(xing)政(zheng)路徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，其公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)必將(jiang)更加(jia)(jia)迅(xun)速和擴展(zhan)(zhan)。JordanandGray（2014）、Jensen（2015）指(zhi)出(chu)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)不僅包括傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)容，還(huan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該包括研(yan)(yan)(yan)究方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)今后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)注重(zhong)(zhong)問(wen)卷調研(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運用，通過方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)創新推(tui)(tui)(tui)動公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。隨著公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)對(dui)(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)化建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究也越來越豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)。朱(zhu)立言(yan)（2006）、楊卡(ka)（2011）、張志(zhi)和龔健(jian)(jian)（2013）及(ji)劉西濤和王(wang)煒(wei)（2015）指(zhi)出(chu)：加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)是(shi)適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家人(ren)才(cai)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)戰略發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)應(ying)(ying)(ying)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)創新，處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)好公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養和社會需求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)，注重(zhong)(zhong)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)師資教育(yu)和培(pei)養，以(yi)促進(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)康發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。婁成武（2010）、肖茂盛（2014）和馬(ma)亮(liang)（2015）認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)應(ying)(ying)(ying)強(qiang)化對(dui)(dui)(dui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)能(neng)力培(pei)養，注重(zhong)(zhong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教育(yu)，鼓勵學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生掌握定量(liang)和定性(xing)兩種不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。將(jiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論和實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)相結合(he)，是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)今后發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)。王(wang)樂夫（2005）、陳振明和李德國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)（2009）、唐秋(qiu)偉（2011）及(ji)徐玉佩(pei)和施向(xiang)峰（2015）認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)容涉及(ji)多個交(jiao)叉學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)要(yao)(yao)深入分(fen)析其可(ke)(ke)能(neng)涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)叉領(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，通過多方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)多維(wei)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)領(ling)域(yu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究可(ke)(ke)以(yi)較(jiao)(jiao)好地促進(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。本(ben)文在(zai)(zai)(zai)借鑒已(yi)有研(yan)(yan)(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，通過對(dui)(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)現(xian)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考察，研(yan)(yan)(yan)究目前公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難點(dian)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)，并據此提(ti)出(chu)政(zheng)策建(jian)(jian)議，希望能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)做出(chu)貢(gong)獻。

　　二、公共管理學科建設狀況

　　（一(yi)）公共管理(li)學科發(fa)展的現狀

　　公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)是培養商(shang)界、政(zheng)界和社會(hui)名流的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)，畢(bi)業(ye)生的(de)(de)(de)就業(ye)去向基本位于政(zheng)府部門、企業(ye)人力資源部門以及事(shi)業(ye)單位等，公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)畢(bi)業(ye)生是引領社會(hui)發(fa)展和進步的(de)(de)(de)推動力量(liang)。據教育(yu)部公開(kai)數據顯(xian)示，我國開(kai)設社會(hui)保(bao)障專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)、行政(zheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)、土地資源管(guan)(guan)理(li)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)、公共事(shi)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)校分別有143所、321所、82所、472所。我國公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)在發(fa)展中，不斷(duan)擴大了專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)范(fan)圍，目(mu)前(qian)公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)范(fan)圍包括社會(hui)保(bao)障、行政(zheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)、公共事(shi)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)、公共經濟學(xue)(xue)等17個本科(ke)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)。公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)在發(fa)展中不斷(duan)取得(de)新的(de)(de)(de)突破，適應(ying)了我國加快(kuai)培養高(gao)層次公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)人才需求。

　　（二(er)）公共管理(li)學(xue)科(ke)建設歷程

　　我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)起步于20世(shi)紀80年(nian)代，當時的行政(zheng)體(ti)制改革逐漸(jian)演(yan)化出各種公(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)研(yan)習班，是(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)的最初發展形(xing)式。1988年(nian)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)學(xue)會成立，標志著我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)正式形(xing)成了自(zi)己的.學(xue)科(ke)體(ti)系。20世(shi)紀90年(nian)代以后，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的公(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)進入了相(xiang)對平穩(wen)的發展階(jie)段(duan)。這(zhe)一時期，公(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)、行政(zheng)管(guan)理(li)專業的發展最為迅(xun)速(su)，各高校(xiao)也相(xiang)繼開設了公(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)專業的二級學(xue)科(ke)。進入21世(shi)紀，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)獲(huo)得了快(kuai)速(su)發展。公(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)體(ti)系日漸(jian)成熟，對公(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)建設也更加注重內涵培養。直(zhi)至今日，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)在近30年(nian)的發展中，已逐步擴大并被各個高校(xiao)所接受和推崇(chong)。

　　（三(san)）建設公(gong)共管理學科較為緊迫

　　公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)我們必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)建(jian)設(she)。建(jian)設(she)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)性(xing)主要(yao)(yao)體現在三(san)個方(fang)面，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)培養(yang)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)。公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)培養(yang)的(de)(de)多數是(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)類(lei)的(de)(de)精(jing)英，隨(sui)著社會(hui)(hui)經濟的(de)(de)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)類(lei)人(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)也逐漸擴(kuo)大。公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)諸(zhu)多二級學(xue)科(ke)(ke)，如行(xing)政管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、社會(hui)(hui)保障、教(jiao)育經濟與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)其主要(yao)(yao)培養(yang)方(fang)向(xiang)均為精(jing)英管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)培養(yang)。二是(shi)(shi)加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)。公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)雖(sui)取得迅速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，但(dan)同其他較為成熟的(de)(de)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)相(xiang)比，仍處于發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)劣勢。提升公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)知(zhi)名度尚(shang)需加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)步(bu)伐(fa)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)構建(jian)專業團(tuan)隊建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)。公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)尚(shang)未完(wan)全成熟，這與(yu)缺乏專業的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)團(tuan)隊有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)關聯。國內(nei)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)較為著名的(de)(de)團(tuan)隊建(jian)設(she)是(shi)(shi)社會(hui)(hui)保障30人(ren)學(xue)術論(lun)(lun)壇(tan)，但(dan)其他學(xue)科(ke)(ke)卻很少有(you)這樣常設(she)的(de)(de)學(xue)術論(lun)(lun)壇(tan)，足見(jian)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)團(tuan)隊建(jian)設(she)還有(you)待進一(yi)步(bu)加(jia)強。

　　三、公共管理學科建設的難點

　　（一(yi)）學(xue)科培養體系較為單一(yi)

　　公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)養體(ti)系較為單一。多數院(yuan)校(xiao)開設的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)不夠全面，以安徽財經大學(xue)(xue)為例(li)，目前公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理下設碩士二級學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)僅有社會保障、行政管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理、教育經濟與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理，其他(ta)如土地資(zi)源管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理、公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理等均沒有碩士點。學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)在培(pei)(pei)養中大多以教學(xue)(xue)為主，缺乏實(shi)地調(diao)研的(de)(de)經驗。對于(yu)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)課(ke)程設置，并不能體(ti)現出(chu)培(pei)(pei)養的(de)(de)方向(xiang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。課(ke)程設置各(ge)(ge)專(zhuan)業(ye)之間具(ju)有重疊性(xing)(xing)(xing)，難以體(ti)現出(chu)本(ben)專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)特色。同時，公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)各(ge)(ge)專(zhuan)業(ye)之間缺乏有效的(de)(de)交流，難以將公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)形成有效的(de)(de)合(he)力。公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)內容(rong)培(pei)(pei)養體(ti)系的(de)(de)單一性(xing)(xing)(xing)，也阻礙了公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)發展。

　　（二）人(ren)才培(pei)養不足

　　公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理學科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人才(cai)(cai)(cai)培(pei)養有待加強。限于(yu)專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)就業前景和培(pei)養方(fang)式，大多數學生(sheng)在對(dui)(dui)專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇中(zhong)，往(wang)(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)(wang)都傾向于(yu)熱門(men)專業，如金融、會(hui)計等。公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理學科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學生(sheng)來源往(wang)(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)(wang)并不是第一志愿招收(shou)(shou)，而(er)是通過調劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式選(xuan)拔，造成了公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理學科(ke)人才(cai)(cai)(cai)來源渠道較為匱(kui)乏(fa)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理學科(ke)人才(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養，還沒有一個較為系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養體系(xi)；同(tong)時，公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理學科(ke)缺(que)乏(fa)高層次人才(cai)(cai)(cai)，設立公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理學科(ke)碩士(shi)點(dian)和博士(shi)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高校，與其他學科(ke)相(xiang)比還遠遠不足。以(yi)社會(hui)保(bao)障專業為例，全國設有社會(hui)保(bao)障專業碩士(shi)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高校僅有69所(suo)，且限于(yu)招收(shou)(shou)規模和學生(sheng)報考(kao)，培(pei)養的(de)(de)(de)(de)人才(cai)(cai)(cai)數量和質量有待進一步提高。

　　（三）公共管理學(xue)科團隊建設有待加(jia)強

　　我(wo)國公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)缺乏團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)設(she)。設(she)有公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)，相(xiang)比較其他學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)而言，公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)屬(shu)于(yu)弱勢學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)。高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)內部(bu)以及高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)外部(bu)之間(jian)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)設(she)缺乏交流，高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)對該(gai)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)也不夠重視(shi)，不利于(yu)研究(jiu)(jiu)團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)組建(jian)(jian)。即便(bian)有相(xiang)關(guan)專(zhuan)業的(de)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研究(jiu)(jiu)團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)，但團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)工作(zuo)效率和(he)工作(zuo)積極性(xing)建(jian)(jian)設(she)還(huan)有待加強。國內關(guan)于(yu)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)相(xiang)關(guan)學(xue)(xue)術論壇比較匱乏，難(nan)以通(tong)過學(xue)(xue)術交流會集公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)精英(ying)。許多高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)嘗試組建(jian)(jian)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，但這一團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)設(she)方案還(huan)處于(yu)初步(bu)的(de)探索中。

　　（四）學科(ke)界限難以(yi)界定

　　公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)界定難以體(ti)(ti)(ti)現出(chu)專業性(xing)。現階段開設(she)(she)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)相(xiang)關課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)，與工商管(guan)理、企業管(guan)理等課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)都(dou)具(ju)(ju)有一定的(de)(de)相(xiang)似性(xing)。在(zai)(zai)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)上(shang)也難以體(ti)(ti)(ti)現出(chu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)性(xing)。而較多(duo)的(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)現公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)性(xing)的(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)則大多(duo)數(shu)與政治類課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)相(xiang)掛(gua)鉤，學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)難以體(ti)(ti)(ti)現出(chu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)自身的(de)(de)專業性(xing)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)發展(zhan)過程(cheng)中，對(dui)該學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)研究方法難以取得突破，多(duo)數(shu)教材的(de)(de)撰寫仍(reng)局限(xian)于引進西方傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)邏(luo)輯和思(si)維體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)。在(zai)(zai)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)方案設(she)(she)計(ji)上(shang)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)生(sheng)和研究生(sheng)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)，其(qi)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)沒有較多(duo)的(de)(de)改變，人才培(pei)養(yang)(yang)難以體(ti)(ti)(ti)現出(chu)層次性(xing)，培(pei)養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)深度和難度有待進一步強(qiang)化。

　　（五）與其他學科的(de)融合有待強化

　　公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方(fang)法(fa)較(jiao)為(wei)單一，在具(ju)(ju)體的(de)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)創作(zuo)中，限(xian)于所學(xue)(xue)(xue)專業的(de)局限(xian)，鮮有(you)(you)獨到(dao)的(de)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)創新的(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方(fang)法(fa)。現階(jie)段公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)培養學(xue)(xue)(xue)生，其(qi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方(fang)法(fa)多數以(yi)定(ding)性(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)為(wei)主(zhu)。而目前國內主(zhu)流的(de)經(jing)濟和管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方(fang)法(fa)則(ze)以(yi)定(ding)量研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)為(wei)主(zhu)，公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)與(yu)經(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)有(you)(you)一定(ding)的(de)交叉，但卻難以(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)到(dao)經(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方(fang)法(fa)，尤(you)其(qi)是計(ji)量經(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)(xue)等課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)，很少有(you)(you)有(you)(you)關對(dui)于經(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)和運用。此外，公(gong)(gong)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)作(zuo)為(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)類的(de)分支(zhi)，其(qi)具(ju)(ju)體的(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方(fang)法(fa)應與(yu)經(jing)濟管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)融合，不應該和主(zhu)流管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)思想相脫節，應以(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)思維(wei)方(fang)式(shi)來(lai)設(she)計(ji)具(ju)(ju)體的(de)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)。

　　四、公共管理學科建設的創新思考

　　（一）構建多樣化(hua)的公共管理學科體系

　　公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需要(yao)(yao)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)多樣化的(de)(de)(de)(de)體系，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)應(ying)(ying)立(li)足于(yu)高校的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)踐探(tan)索。筆者通過對公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歸納(na)和(he)思考，認為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)可從提升學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)質(zhi)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)教師(shi)(shi)(shi)隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)保(bao)障(zhang)三(san)個角度(du)推行，以(yi)推動公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。提升學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)培養學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)綜合素(su)(su)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)舉措(cuo)，應(ying)(ying)將(jiang)提升學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)質(zhi)放在公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)要(yao)(yao)位(wei)置。加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)教師(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培養則(ze)是(shi)(shi)重點所在，教師(shi)(shi)(shi)起到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)育人(ren)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，對于(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)觀、世(shi)界觀和(he)價值觀有著導(dao)向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)健康發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需要(yao)(yao)一(yi)支專業技能過硬(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教師(shi)(shi)(shi)隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)。而制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)保(bao)障(zhang)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)順利發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本前提，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)離不開(kai)配套制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)完善(shan)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需要(yao)(yao)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)較為(wei)(wei)完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體制(zhi)(zhi)框架(jia)。傳統(tong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)框架(jia)較為(wei)(wei)單一(yi)，多局限于(yu)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方面(mian)，不利于(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)綜合素(su)(su)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全面(mian)提升。從提升素(su)(su)質(zhi)、教師(shi)(shi)(shi)培養、制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)保(bao)障(zhang)三(san)個方面(mian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)體系構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，可以(yi)為(wei)(wei)今(jin)后公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)提供較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)借鑒。具體內容可包括以(yi)下方面(mian)，從提高學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)質(zhi)方面(mian)看，可以(yi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)立(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)精英班、激活本科(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)導(dao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)立(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)家(jia)大講堂、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術沙龍；從加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)教師(shi)(shi)(shi)隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)角度(du)看，應(ying)(ying)加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)教材(cai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)、強(qiang)(qiang)化教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)團隊(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)科(ke)研(yan)團隊(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)MPA的(de)(de)(de)(de)培養教育；從制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)保(bao)障(zhang)看，應(ying)(ying)設(she)(she)(she)(she)立(li)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)會、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)交流刊(kan)物、強(qiang)(qiang)化公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)實(shi)驗室建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)。

　　（二）建立多內容的公共(gong)管理學科培(pei)養方案(an)

　　從公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計來(lai)看，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)精英(ying)班主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精英(ying)人(ren)才(cai)，強化精英(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選拔標準，綜合培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習和(he)(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。激活(huo)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)導(dao)(dao)師制(zhi)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)建立本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)——碩士(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)——導(dao)(dao)師“三(san)點(dian)一(yi)(yi)線”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)導(dao)(dao)師制(zhi)，以(yi)研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)作(zuo)為交(jiao)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)點(dian)，通過研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指導(dao)(dao)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、導(dao)(dao)師指導(dao)(dao)研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)碩士(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，以(yi)提(ti)(ti)高導(dao)(dao)師制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行效(xiao)率。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)名家(jia)大(da)講(jiang)堂，邀請國內外知(zhi)名專家(jia)前來(lai)講(jiang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)指導(dao)(dao)，具(ju)(ju)體(ti)通過定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)邀請學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者講(jiang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、要(yao)(yao)求參會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)寫思想感悟(wu)、以(yi)及本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據每期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容進(jin)行學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)思想創作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式，來(lai)增(zeng)強學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識和(he)(he)(he)了解(jie)。而(er)(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)沙龍則(ze)是(shi)思想交(jiao)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)臺，本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)沙龍活(huo)動中可(ke)(ke)以(yi)暢所欲言(yan)，和(he)(he)(he)大(da)家(jia)交(jiao)流自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想觀點(dian)，不(bu)僅可(ke)(ke)以(yi)提(ti)(ti)高研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，還(huan)能(neng)鍛煉本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思維能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。加強教(jiao)材(cai)建設(she)(she)(she)是(shi)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)綜合實(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)舉措。教(jiao)材(cai)建設(she)(she)(she)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包(bao)括(kuo)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經(jing)濟(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》和(he)(he)(he)《社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》其(qi)中《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經(jing)濟(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》則(ze)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)類專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)核心課程(cheng)，涉及經(jing)濟(ji)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、法律(lv)等多學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)兼具(ju)(ju)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論與(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特征；《社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》則(ze)對(dui)于每個(ge)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)階(jie)段都具(ju)(ju)有(you)重要(yao)(yao)影響，加強社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)育，能(neng)深化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認知(zhi)。教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)和(he)(he)(he)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)建設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)，優秀教(jiao)師是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，應該強化專業(ye)團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)建設(she)(she)(she)目標、選拔教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)帶頭人(ren)、構建合理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評價體(ti)系以(yi)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)運轉能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)效(xiao)率。而(er)(er)研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)MPA的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)則(ze)是(shi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)高層次人(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，要(yao)(yao)強化專業(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)，加強應用(yong)(yong)(yong)型人(ren)才(cai)和(he)(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)型人(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙向培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)，以(yi)提(ti)(ti)高人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)質量。大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)自(zi)我學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習、自(zi)我管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)自(zi)我服務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)組織。能(neng)夠起到團(tuan)結(jie)同學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、增(zeng)強學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)團(tuan)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)(wu)意識、提(ti)(ti)高學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)辦事效(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)室(shi)、宣傳部、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)部和(he)(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐部，通過公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)各部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)工合作(zuo)，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集體(ti)意識、合作(zuo)意識和(he)(he)(he)團(tuan)結(jie)意識，逐步鍛煉和(he)(he)(he)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)各方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。建立《大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)探索期(qi)(qi)刊(kan)》，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)為大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)搭建一(yi)(yi)個(ge)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)流和(he)(he)(he)寫作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)臺。其(qi)文章主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)來(lai)源于全校(xiao)師生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，這不(bu)僅可(ke)(ke)以(yi)激勵全校(xiao)師生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)積極(ji)投稿，而(er)(er)且方(fang)便大(da)家(jia)資源共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享、共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同探討學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、交(jiao)流心得。強化公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)建設(she)(she)(she)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)要(yao)(yao)求。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)承擔著《電子政務(wu)(wu)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)》、《管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)定(ding)(ding)量分(fen)析》、《社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)調查與(yu)(yu)統計方(fang)法》、《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)務(wu)(wu)員實(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)》和(he)(he)(he)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部門人(ren)力(li)(li)(li)(li)資源管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》等多門實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)課程(cheng)和(he)(he)(he)開放項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)授(shou)課任務(wu)(wu)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)具(ju)(ju)有(you)很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)(yao)性(xing)。

　　（三）加強(qiang)公共管理(li)學科高層次人才的培養(yang)

　　公共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)高(gao)(gao)層次(ci)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)匱乏，是(shi)(shi)阻礙(ai)該學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)可(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)展的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要障(zhang)礙(ai)。加強公共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)高(gao)(gao)層次(ci)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)養，應(ying)該以高(gao)(gao)校作為(wei)培(pei)(pei)養基地(di)，在(zai)符合條件(jian)的(de)(de)所有高(gao)(gao)校開(kai)設(she)公共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)培(pei)(pei)養公共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)基數。同時，還應(ying)將研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)作為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)點培(pei)(pei)養的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)群，對于碩(shuo)士(shi)研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)，不(bu)僅應(ying)培(pei)(pei)養其(qi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)創作能力(li)(li)，還應(ying)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)其(qi)實踐能力(li)(li)的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)養。碩(shuo)士(shi)研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)作為(wei)研(yan)究的(de)(de)主體，擴大(da)公共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)這一(yi)群體的(de)(de)覆蓋面是(shi)(shi)當務之急。對于博(bo)士(shi)研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)，則(ze)應(ying)該重(zhong)(zhong)點培(pei)(pei)養博(bo)士(shi)研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)能力(li)(li)，提(ti)升公共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)高(gao)(gao)層次(ci)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)術研(yan)究水(shui)平。而(er)對于有條件(jian)的(de)(de)專科(ke)(ke)(ke)院校，公共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)設(she)置應(ying)該注重(zhong)(zhong)實踐能力(li)(li)的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)養，加強公共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)實驗室建設(she)，讓大(da)中專院校的(de)(de)公共(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)畢業生(sheng)(sheng)能夠適應(ying)社會發(fa)展需求(qiu)。

　　（四）提(ti)高研究團隊的合作創(chuang)新(xin)

　　公(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)團隊(dui)的(de)(de)建(jian)設，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)根(gen)據各個二(er)級專業組(zu)建(jian)不(bu)同的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)團隊(dui)。每個科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)團隊(dui)應(ying)(ying)該定期申(shen)報一定的(de)(de)課題項目(mu)，以(yi)(yi)強化團隊(dui)整(zheng)體科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)能(neng)(neng)力。加強對科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)團隊(dui)教(jiao)師隊(dui)伍綜(zong)合(he)素質的(de)(de)培養，提高研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究方法(fa)的(de)(de)創新性，可(ke)根(gen)據實際(ji)需要(yao)，組(zu)建(jian)跨學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)公(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)隊(dui)伍。引用經(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)統計學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方法(fa)來解決(jue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)過程實際(ji)問題，此外，應(ying)(ying)鼓勵研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)和(he)本科(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)加入科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)團隊(dui)，建(jian)立起導師、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)和(he)本科(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)之間交(jiao)流(liu)的(de)(de)結點，這(zhe)樣不(bu)僅可(ke)以(yi)(yi)提升研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術能(neng)(neng)力，強化研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)和(he)導師之間的(de)(de)聯(lian)系，還能(neng)(neng)夠培養本科(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習能(neng)(neng)力和(he)動手能(neng)(neng)力。科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)團隊(dui)的(de)(de)各個成(cheng)員應(ying)(ying)該充分合(he)作，完成(cheng)本職工作，以(yi)(yi)此提升公(gong)共(gong)管(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)發展。

　　（五）進一步(bu)提升公共(gong)管理學科的內涵研究

　　提(ti)升公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)科(ke)內涵研(yan)究(jiu)，首先(xian)應(ying)(ying)界(jie)定公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)范圍。公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)研(yan)究(jiu)應(ying)(ying)培養學(xue)習者(zhe)的(de)(de)綜合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)能力，而(er)不是只局(ju)限于單(dan)一的(de)(de)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)事務管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)科(ke)應(ying)(ying)與工商管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、企業(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)等學(xue)科(ke)有(you)關(guan)聯，但更應(ying)(ying)該注重(zhong)自(zi)己的(de)(de)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)，培養公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)領(ling)域的(de)(de)綜合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人才。其次(ci)，應(ying)(ying)提(ti)高(gao)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)科(ke)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)深(shen)度和(he)廣度。公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)科(ke)應(ying)(ying)打造(zao)自(zi)己的(de)(de)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)研(yan)究(jiu)模式(shi)，圍繞(rao)(rao)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)領(ling)域的(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)課(ke)題進行(xing)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)研(yan)究(jiu)，提(ti)高(gao)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)可行(xing)性和(he)實(shi)踐性。最后，應(ying)(ying)打造(zao)品(pin)牌特(te)(te)色(se)(se)專(zhuan)業(ye)。公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)科(ke)應(ying)(ying)強化特(te)(te)色(se)(se)專(zhuan)業(ye)研(yan)究(jiu)，對于特(te)(te)色(se)(se)專(zhuan)業(ye)應(ying)(ying)該圍繞(rao)(rao)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)科(ke)自(zi)身的(de)(de)特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)(dian)進行(xing)，如(ru)社會保障(zhang)(zhang)學(xue)，應(ying)(ying)該圍繞(rao)(rao)社會保障(zhang)(zhang)學(xue)課(ke)程(cheng)的(de)(de)特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，探(tan)討社會保障(zhang)(zhang)熱(re)點(dian)(dian)(dian)問(wen)題，激發(fa)學(xue)生的(de)(de)學(xue)習積極性，充(chong)分(fen)帶動公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)學(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)建設發(fa)展。

　　（六）推(tui)動公(gong)共(gong)管理學(xue)科的(de)內外(wai)兼容性建設

　　公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)應(ying)該是一(yi)門具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)兼容性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)。提高(gao)公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兼容性(xing)(xing)(xing)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)是適應(ying)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。首先(xian)，應(ying)開設(she)(she)多類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)和(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)課程(cheng)(cheng)。公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)不應(ying)該只培(pei)養學(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)能力，還有(you)(you)加強學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透性(xing)(xing)(xing)培(pei)養，如開設(she)(she)《計(ji)量經濟(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)》、《統計(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)》、《電子(zi)商務》等具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)實用性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課程(cheng)(cheng)。其次(ci)，提高(gao)公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新性(xing)(xing)(xing)。研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新應(ying)該借(jie)鑒其他(ta)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法，將有(you)(you)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)創新性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方法引用到本(ben)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)。最(zui)后(hou)，應(ying)注重學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)自身(shen)體系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兼容性(xing)(xing)(xing)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，其基(ji)礎是本(ben)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)一(yi)個完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)體系，在自身(shen)發(fa)展完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，加快各個科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互探索學(xue)(xue)(xue)習，可(ke)以有(you)(you)效地促(cu)進公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)又(you)(you)好又(you)(you)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展。

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