明史崔(cui)恭傳文言(yan)文翻譯

　　《明史(shi)》是二十(shi)四(si)史(shi)中的最(zui)后(hou)一部，共三(san)百(bai)三(san)十(shi)二卷(juan)，包括(kuo)本紀二十(shi)四(si)卷(juan)，志七十(shi)五卷(juan)，列傳(chuan)二百(bai)二十(shi)卷(juan)，表十(shi)三(san)卷(juan)。它(ta)是一部紀傳(chuan)體斷代史(shi)，下面是明史(shi)崔恭傳(chuan)文言(yan)文翻譯請(qing)參考！

　　明史崔恭傳文言文翻譯

　　原文：

　　崔恭(gong)，字克讓，廣宗人(ren)(ren)。正統元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)進士(shi)，除(chu)戶部主事。出理(li)延綏倉儲，有能(neng)聲。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)楊溥薦，擢(zhuo)萊州知府。內地(di)輸遼(liao)東布(bu)，悉貯(zhu)郡庫，歲(sui)久朽敝(bi)，守(shou)者多破家。恭(gong)別(bie)構(gou)屋三(san)十楹(ying)貯(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)，請(qing)約(yue)計歲(sui)輸外，余以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)充本府軍餉，遂(sui)放遣守(shou)者八百(bai)人(ren)(ren)。也先犯京師遣民(min)兵數千(qian)入援廷議城臨清(qing)檄發役(yi)夫恭(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)春民(min)乏食請(qing)俟秋(qiu)(qiu)成居(ju)(ju)府六年(nian)(nian)萊人(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)比漢楊震景泰中，超遷湖廣右(you)(you)布(bu)政使。諸(zhu)司供(gong)給，率取之(zhi)(zhi)民(min)。恭(gong)與僚佐約(yue)，悉罷之(zhi)(zhi)。公安、監(jian)利流民(min)擅相殺。恭(gong)下令愿附籍者聽(ting)，否則迨秋(qiu)(qiu)遣歸，眾遂(sui)定。尋遷江西左布(bu)政使。司有廣濟庫，官吏(li)干沒五(wu)十萬(wan)，恭(gong)白于(yu)巡(xun)撫韓雍，典守(shou)者咸獲罪。定均(jun)徭法，酌輕重，十年(nian)(nian)一役(yi)，遂(sui)為定例。天順(shun)二年(nian)(nian)，寧(ning)王(wang)(wang)奠培不(bu)(bu)法，恭(gong)劾之(zhi)(zhi)，削其(qi)護(hu)衛，王(wang)(wang)稍戢。遷右(you)(you)副都(dou)御(yu)史，代李秉(bing)(bing)巡(xun)撫蘇、松諸(zhu)府。按部，進耆(qi)老言(yan)利病，為興(xing)革(ge)。與都(dou)督徐(xu)恭(gong)浚(jun)(jun)儀(yi)真漕河，又浚(jun)(jun)常、鎮河，避江險。已(yi)，大治吳淞江。民(min)賴(lai)其(qi)利，目(mu)曹家港為“都(dou)堂浦”。初，周忱奏定耗羨則例，李秉(bing)(bing)改定以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)賦之(zhi)(zhi)輕重遞盈縮(suo)。其(qi)例甚(shen)平，而難于(yu)稽(ji)算，吏(li)不(bu)(bu)勝煩擾。恭(gong)乃罷去(qu)，悉如忱舊(jiu)。吏(li)部缺右(you)(you)侍(shi)郎，李賢、王(wang)(wang)翱舉恭(gong)。遂(sui)召用。置(zhi)“勸懲簿”，有聞皆(jie)(jie)識之(zhi)(zhi)。翱甚(shen)倚恭(gong)，轉左，父憂(you)起(qi)復。憲宗即位，乞致仕(shi)(shi)。不(bu)(bu)允。成化五(wu)年(nian)(nian)，尚書(shu)李秉(bing)(bing)罷。商(shang)輅(lu)欲(yu)用姚(yao)夔(kui)，彭(peng)時(shi)欲(yu)用王(wang)(wang)概(gai)，而北人(ren)(ren)居(ju)(ju)言(yan)路者，謂時(shi)實逐(zhu)秉(bing)(bing)，喧謗(bang)于(yu)朝。時(shi)稱疾不(bu)(bu)出，侍(shi)讀尹直(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)、概(gai)皆(jie)(jie)己鄉人(ren)(ren)，恐因此得罪，急言(yan)于(yu)輅(lu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)恭(gong)代秉(bing)(bing)。越(yue)五(wu)月，母喪歸。服除(chu)，起(qi)南京吏(li)部，劾罷諸(zhu)司不(bu)(bu)職(zhi)者數人(ren)(ren)。十一年(nian)(nian)春，命參贊機務。居(ju)(ju)三(san)年(nian)(nian)，致仕(shi)(shi)。又二年(nian)(nian)卒。（選自《明史·列傳第四十七》）

　　譯文：

　　崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，字克讓，廣宗(zong)(zong)人(ren)。明英宗(zong)(zong)正統元年(nian)(nian)考中(zhong)(zhong)進士，被(bei)(bei)授職(zhi)戶部(bu)(bu)(bu)主事。出朝(chao)管(guan)理(li)延綏(sui)倉(cang)儲，有(you)能干的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名聲。因(yin)楊溥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)薦，被(bei)(bei)提拔(ba)(ba)為(wei)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)知(zhi)府。內地(di)輸送給遼(liao)東的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布匹，全部(bu)(bu)(bu)貯(zhu)存在(zai)郡中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倉(cang)庫(ku)(ku)中(zhong)(zhong)，年(nian)(nian)月久了(le)(le)腐朽破爛，守倉(cang)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)大多因(yin)為(wei)賠償而(er)家(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)破產。崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)另外建了(le)(le)三十楹屋來(lai)貯(zhu)存它(ta)(ta)，請求(qiu)(qiu)約計(ji)每年(nian)(nian)輸送以外，剩下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)充作(zuo)(zuo)本(ben)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)餉(xiang)，因(yin)此就遣(qian)散了(le)(le)守倉(cang)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)八百(bai)人(ren)。也先侵犯(fan)京(jing)(jing)城，他(ta)派遣(qian)數(shu)千民(min)(min)兵入京(jing)(jing)救(jiu)援。朝(chao)廷討論(lun)修(xiu)筑(zhu)臨清城，用(yong)(yong)檄文征召服(fu)勞役的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)。崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)認為(wei)正值春天，百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)缺乏(fa)糧食，請求(qiu)(qiu)等到(dao)秋(qiu)天收獲(huo)(huo)以后(hou)完成。在(zai)官(guan)(guan)府六年(nian)(nian)，萊(lai)(lai)地(di)人(ren)把他(ta)比(bi)作(zuo)(zuo)漢代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)楊震。明代宗(zong)(zong)景泰(tai)年(nian)(nian)間，崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)被(bei)(bei)破格(ge)提拔(ba)(ba)為(wei)湖廣右(you)布政使。各部(bu)(bu)(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供給，都(dou)(dou)是(shi)從老(lao)(lao)百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)那里取(qu)得來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與同僚佐臣約定(ding)，全部(bu)(bu)(bu)廢除(chu)它(ta)(ta)們。公(gong)安、監(jian)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)'流亡百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)擅自(zi)互相搏(bo)殺。崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia)(xia)令(ling)，愿意隸屬(shu)戶籍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)游民(min)(min)聽(ting)從自(zi)便(bian)，不愿意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等到(dao)秋(qiu)天再(zai)遣(qian)送回去(qu)，眾游民(min)(min)于(yu)是(shi)安定(ding)了(le)(le)下(xia)(xia)來(lai)。崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不久被(bei)(bei)提升(sheng)為(wei)江(jiang)西左(zuo)布政使。官(guan)(guan)署有(you)廣濟庫(ku)(ku)，官(guan)(guan)吏貪污了(le)(le)五(wu)十萬(wan)。崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)向巡(xun)撫(fu)韓(han)雍稟告，掌管(guan)、看(kan)(kan)守的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)都(dou)(dou)被(bei)(bei)判有(you)罪(zui)。崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)定(ding)均徭法(fa)，斟酌(zhuo)輕(qing)重，十年(nian)(nian)服(fu)役一次，從此成為(wei)定(ding)例(li)。宋英宗(zong)(zong)天順二年(nian)(nian)，寧王(wang)(wang)(wang)朱(zhu)奠培做了(le)(le)不守法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事，崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)彈劾他(ta)，削(xue)去(qu)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)護(hu)衛(wei)，寧王(wang)(wang)(wang)才(cai)稍稍收斂(lian)。崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)被(bei)(bei)提升(sheng)為(wei)右(you)副都(dou)(dou)御(yu)史，代替李(li)秉巡(xun)視蘇、松等府。巡(xun)查屬(shu)地(di)，引進年(nian)(nian)老(lao)(lao)德高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)議論(lun)政治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利弊(bi)，進行興辦和革(ge)除(chu)。與都(dou)(dou)督徐恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)疏(shu)通儀真的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漕(cao)河，又(you)(you)疏(shu)通常、鎮等河，避免(mian)了(le)(le)長(chang)江(jiang)險情的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。后(hou)來(lai)，崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)又(you)(you)大規(gui)模治理(li)吳淞(song)江(jiang)。老(lao)(lao)百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)依靠水(shui)運獲(huo)(huo)得便(bian)利，都(dou)(dou)把曹(cao)家(jia)(jia)港看(kan)(kan)作(zuo)(zuo)“都(dou)(dou)堂(tang)浦”。起初，周忱(chen)上(shang)奏定(ding)立收取(qu)耗損的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)則，李(li)秉改定(ding)為(wei)按照(zhao)賦(fu)稅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輕(qing)重而(er)相應增減。這一規(gui)則很公(gong)平，但難于(yu)計(ji)算，官(guan)(guan)吏不勝煩擾。崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于(yu)是(shi)廢除(chu)，都(dou)(dou)按照(zhao)周忱(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊制。吏部(bu)(bu)(bu)右(you)侍郎(lang)空缺，李(li)賢、王(wang)(wang)(wang)翱推(tui)舉(ju)崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。于(yu)是(shi)崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)被(bei)(bei)召入朝(chao)廷使用(yong)(yong)。崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)立“獎(jiang)懲簿(bu)”，有(you)所聽(ting)聞都(dou)(dou)記(ji)錄下(xia)(xia)來(lai)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)翱非常依仗(zhang)崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，將他(ta)調(diao)任左(zuo)侍郎(lang)，在(zai)崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)父親去(qu)世(shi)服(fu)喪(sang)期(qi)(qi)未滿就命(ming)他(ta)回京(jing)(jing)起用(yong)(yong)。明憲(xian)宗(zong)(zong)即位，崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)請求(qiu)(qiu)退休。沒有(you)得到(dao)允許。明憲(xian)宗(zong)(zong)成化五(wu)年(nian)(nian)，尚書李(li)秉被(bei)(bei)免(mian)官(guan)(guan)。商(shang)(shang)輅想用(yong)(yong)姚夔(kui)，彭(peng)時(shi)(shi)想用(yong)(yong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)概，而(er)擔任諫(jian)官(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北方人(ren)，說啟(qi)用(yong)(yong)彭(peng)時(shi)(shi)其(qi)實是(shi)在(zai)驅逐李(li)秉，在(zai)朝(chao)廷上(shang)大聲指(zhi)責。彭(peng)時(shi)(shi)稱病不上(shang)朝(chao)，侍讀尹直因(yin)為(wei)彭(peng)時(shi)(shi)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)概都(dou)(dou)是(shi)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)鄉，擔心因(yin)此獲(huo)(huo)罪(zui)，急忙告訴商(shang)(shang)輅，用(yong)(yong)崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)代替李(li)秉。過了(le)(le)五(wu)個月，崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)母親去(qu)世(shi)回家(jia)(jia)。服(fu)喪(sang)期(qi)(qi)滿，崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)被(bei)(bei)起用(yong)(yong)為(wei)南京(jing)(jing)吏部(bu)(bu)(bu)，彈劾罷免(mian)各部(bu)(bu)(bu)門不稱職(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)人(ren)。成化十一年(nian)(nian)春，朝(chao)廷命(ming)令(ling)崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參謀協助機(ji)務。在(zai)職(zhi)三年(nian)(nian)，崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)退休。又(you)(you)過二年(nian)(nian)，崔(cui)(cui)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)去(qu)世(shi)。

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