文言(yan)文《宋(song)史·文天(tian)祥傳(chuan)》原文及(ji)翻譯

　　在日復一(yi)(yi)日的(de)(de)(de)學習中，大家(jia)最不陌(mo)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)言(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)了吧？文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)言(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)是(shi)中國古代的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種漢(han)語(yu)書面語(yu)言(yan)組成的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)章，“五(wu)四(si)”運動以前漢(han)民(min)族所(suo)使用的(de)(de)(de)語(yu)言(yan)。相信(xin)很(hen)多(duo)人(ren)都在為看(kan)懂文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)言(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)發愁，以下(xia)是(shi)小(xiao)編(bian)為大家(jia)整理的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)言(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)《宋史·文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天祥(xiang)傳》原(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)及翻譯，僅供參考，大家(jia)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)來看(kan)看(kan)吧。

　　原文：

　　文天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)年(nian)二十(shi)舉進士，對策集(ji)英殿。帝親拔為第(di)一。德(de)祐初，詔天(tian)(tian)下(xia)勤王。天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)發郡中豪杰，有(you)眾萬(wan)人(ren)。其(qi)友止之(zhi)(zhi)，天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)曰：“第(di)國家養育臣庶三百余年(nian)，一旦有(you)急，征天(tian)(tian)下(xia)兵，無一人(ren)一騎入(ru)關者(zhe)(zhe)，吾深恨(hen)于此，故不(bu)(bu)自量力，而(er)以(yi)身徇(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)，庶天(tian)(tian)下(xia)忠臣義士將有(you)聞風(feng)而(er)起者(zhe)(zhe)。”盡以(yi)家貲(zi)為軍(jun)費。明(ming)年(nian)正月(yue)，除知臨安(an)府，尋(xun)除右(you)丞(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)兼(jian)樞密使，如(ru)軍(jun)中請和，與(yu)大(da)元(yuan)(yuan)丞(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)伯顏抗(kang)論皋亭(ting)山(shan)。丞(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)怒拘之(zhi)(zhi)，北至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鎮(zhen)江,天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)夜亡入(ru)真州，展轉至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)郵(you)，泛海至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溫(wen)州。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)十(shi)五(wu)年(nian)十(shi)二月(yue)，趨(qu)南(nan)嶺(ling)。天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)方飯五(wu)坡嶺(ling)，張弘(hong)范(fan)兵突(tu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)倉皇(huang)出走，千戶王惟義前(qian)執(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)潮陽，見弘(hong)范(fan)，左右(you)命之(zhi)(zhi)拜，不(bu)(bu)拜，弘(hong)范(fan)遂(sui)以(yi)客(ke)禮見之(zhi)(zhi)，與(yu)俱(ju)入(ru)崖山(shan)，使為書招張世杰。天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)曰：“吾不(bu)(bu)能捍父母，乃教(jiao)人(ren)叛父母，可乎？”索之(zhi)(zhi)固，乃書所過零丁洋詩與(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)。崖山(shan)破，弘(hong)范(fan)遣使護送天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)京師。天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)燕凡三年(nian)，上知天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)終不(bu)(bu)屈(qu)也，召入(ru)諭之(zhi)(zhi)曰：“汝何(he)愿？”天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對曰：“天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)受宋(song)恩，為宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，安(an)事二姓？愿賜之(zhi)(zhi)一死足矣。”然猶不(bu)(bu)忍，遽(ju)麾之(zhi)(zhi)退。言(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)力贊從天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)請，從之(zhi)(zhi)。天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)臨刑(xing)殊(shu)從容。南(nan)鄉拜而(er)死，年(nian)四(si)十(shi)七(qi)。（節選自《宋(song)史·文天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)傳(chuan)》，有(you)改動。）

　　譯文：

　　文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)二十歲中進士(shi)，在(zai)集英殿對(dui)(dui)答皇(huang)(huang)(huang)上(shang)(shang)的策(ce)問，被皇(huang)(huang)(huang)上(shang)(shang)親自選拔為第一。德祐(you)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)，皇(huang)(huang)(huang)上(shang)(shang)下詔號召(zhao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下幫(bang)助朝廷(ting)抗(kang)敵，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)召(zhao)集郡中豪杰，有(you)萬余人(ren)。他(ta)(ta)的好友勸阻他(ta)(ta)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)說：“既然(ran)國(guo)家(jia)撫養臣民三百多(duo)年(nian)，一旦國(guo)家(jia)遇到(dao)(dao)緊急情況(kuang)，向(xiang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下征集兵員，竟(jing)然(ran)沒有(you)一人(ren)一馬(ma)響應入關，我對(dui)(dui)此非常遺憾，所以不(bu)(bu)能正確(que)估計(ji)自己的力量，用(yong)自己的行(xing)動(dong)來對(dui)(dui)眾宣示(shi)，期望天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下有(you)一聽到(dao)(dao)消息就立刻行(xing)動(dong)的忠臣義(yi)士(shi)。”于(yu)是(shi)傾盡家(jia)財為軍(jun)費。第二年(nian)正月(yue)授任(ren)(ren)臨(lin)安知府，不(bu)(bu)久又(you)授任(ren)(ren)右丞(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)兼樞密使，朝廷(ting)派他(ta)(ta)到(dao)(dao)元(yuan)(yuan)營請求(qiu)(qiu)和好，跟元(yuan)(yuan)丞(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)伯顏在(zai)皋亭山(shan)談判時據理力爭。元(yuan)(yuan)丞(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)伯顏氣憤地(di)扣押了(le)他(ta)(ta)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)隨元(yuan)(yuan)軍(jun)向(xiang)北到(dao)(dao)了(le)鎮江。后(hou)(hou)來趁夜色逃到(dao)(dao)真州(zhou)，輾轉到(dao)(dao)了(le)高郵，渡(du)海到(dao)(dao)了(le)溫州(zhou)。至(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)十五年(nian)十二月(yue)，逃到(dao)(dao)南(nan)嶺(ling)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)正在(zai)五坡嶺(ling)吃飯，張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)弘(hong)(hong)范(fan)(fan)的軍(jun)隊突然(ran)抵(di)達，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)倉皇(huang)(huang)(huang)出逃，千戶王惟義(yi)上(shang)(shang)前抓(zhua)住了(le)他(ta)(ta)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)被押解到(dao)(dao)潮陽，帶(dai)去(qu)(qu)(qu)見張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)弘(hong)(hong)范(fan)(fan)，張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)弘(hong)(hong)范(fan)(fan)的近侍命(ming)令文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下拜(bai)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)拜(bai)，張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)弘(hong)(hong)范(fan)(fan)用(yong)對(dui)(dui)待客人(ren)的禮節接待他(ta)(ta)，帶(dai)他(ta)(ta)一起到(dao)(dao)崖山(shan)，讓他(ta)(ta)寫信(xin)去(qu)(qu)(qu)招降張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)世(shi)(shi)杰。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)說：“我不(bu)(bu)能護衛皇(huang)(huang)(huang)上(shang)(shang)，還教別人(ren)背叛皇(huang)(huang)(huang)上(shang)(shang)，能這樣做嗎？”張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)弘(hong)(hong)范(fan)(fan)堅(jian)持索要勸降信(xin)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)就將他(ta)(ta)過(guo)零丁洋(yang)時所寫的詩寫出來交給張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)弘(hong)(hong)范(fan)(fan)。崖山(shan)被攻(gong)破之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)弘(hong)(hong)范(fan)(fan)派人(ren)護送文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)去(qu)(qu)(qu)京師大(da)都。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)北方共有(you)三年(nian)，元(yuan)(yuan)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)知道文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)始終不(bu)(bu)屈服，于(yu)是(shi)元(yuan)(yuan)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)召(zhao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)入朝，對(dui)(dui)他(ta)(ta)說：“你有(you)什(shen)么愿望？”文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)回(hui)答說：“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)受大(da)宋恩(en)澤，擔任(ren)(ren)宰相(xiang)，怎(zen)能臣事他(ta)(ta)姓之(zhi)人(ren)呢？只愿賜死(si)(si)就滿足了(le)。”可(ke)是(shi)元(yuan)(yuan)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)還是(shi)不(bu)(bu)忍(ren)心殺(sha)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，就讓他(ta)(ta)退下了(le)。有(you)人(ren)進言(yan)，竭(jie)力贊成依從(cong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的請求(qiu)(qiu)，元(yuan)(yuan)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)同意了(le)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)臨(lin)刑時特別從(cong)容。向(xiang)南(nan)方行(xing)了(le)拜(bai)禮后(hou)(hou)死(si)(si)去(qu)(qu)(qu)，死(si)(si)的時候年(nian)僅四十七(qi)歲。

　　《宋史·文天祥傳》原文如下：

　　文天祥字宋瑞，又字履(lv)善，吉(ji)之吉(ji)水人也。年二十舉進士，對策集英殿。帝親拔為第一。咸淳九年，起為湖南提(ti)刑(xing)，因(yin)見故相江萬里。萬里素奇天祥志(zhi)節(jie)，語及國(guo)事(shi)，愀然曰(yue)：“吾老(lao)矣，觀天時人事(shi)當有變(bian)，吾閱人多(duo)矣，世道之責，其(qi)在(zai)君乎？君其(qi)勉之。”

　　至于翻譯，這段原文的大致意思是：

　　文天(tian)(tian)祥，字宋瑞，又有字履善，是吉州吉水人。二十歲時考中了(le)進士，在集英殿對(dui)策。皇帝親自選拔他(ta)為(wei)(wei)第一名。咸淳九年，他(ta)被任命為(wei)(wei)湖南提刑(xing)使，在那(nei)里他(ta)見(jian)到(dao)了(le)前任宰相江萬(wan)里。江萬(wan)里一直對(dui)文天(tian)(tian)祥的志(zhi)向和(he)節操感到(dao)驚(jing)奇，在談(tan)到(dao)國事(shi)時，江萬(wan)里憂心忡忡地說：“我老(lao)了(le)，看(kan)天(tian)(tian)象和(he)人間(jian)事(shi)務，似(si)乎都將發生(sheng)變化(hua)。我見(jian)過很多人，但(dan)擔當起時代責任的人，大概就(jiu)在你身(shen)上吧？你要努力啊。”

　　這段文字描(miao)述了文天祥早年的經歷和他與江(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)的對(dui)話，展現(xian)了文天祥的才(cai)華和抱負，以及江(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)對(dui)他的期望。

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