英語教學課件參考
篇一:英語教學法課件
20080351045
英語教學法課件
Friends for Life
—Joyce Brothers
Even though “friend” is a term of endearment used to describe many people in our lives, we often have a hard time knowing what the term means. Psychologists identify friends as those who accept each other, confide in each other and feel responsible for each other.
In our transient cultures, we depend more on friends for things we once got from families-emotional support and often even financial help. With so many people living away from their families, and so many people single into their thirties, friends provide essential companionship.
Friends can occur any place-even (surprise!) in a marriage. This was the case with me. I met and fell in love with Milton Brothers at university. He became my husband soon after, and we were together 39 years-until he died at the age of 62.
He was my best friend, and I still miss him desperately. Since he died, my sister, with whom I fought fiercely when we were younger, has
become one of my best friends. And I’m also very close to my only daughter, Lisa
Friends ranks with marriage and kinship as one of the most important relationships in our lives, yet it can be the most neglected. Friendship outside familial ties or marriage plays such an important role in life because with a friend, we can be the person we want to be. Their acceptance affirms that self and lets us develop as individuals.
We make no vows to a best friend, yet we have unstated expectations: understanding, caring, concern. We expect a friendship to last.
Most of us have been making friends since childhood, so we tend to think the process is instinctual. Then we find that the heart of friendship-how to make the relationship blossom, grow and survive-requires more attention and skill than we thought. To Ralph Waldo Emerson, “the only way to have a friend is to be one.”
Becoming friends involves a process of sharing, a gradual relaxation of vigilance over what partners reveal to each other about themselves. Friends must learn to balance the inclination to be open with the need to be protective of each other’s feelings. A best-friendship gets out of balance when the intensity becomes too one-sided. Total disclosure isn’t what makes intimacy in a relationship; it’s the listening and sharing.
Increasing numbers of people are finding that gender doesn’t matter when it comes to friendship, as the sexes mingle more often today.
Making friends with someone of the opposite sex can be an eye-opening experience. Michael told me what he discovered: ”I was working on the assembly line with Marcia, just as I would with a guy. And she kept pointing out how patronizing I was, offering to do the work for her because I felt she was less capable.
Then Michael realized he was hearing the same complaint from his girlfriend. So he invited Marcia out for a beer and they talked. “I learned about today’s women from her. What I knew about women I’d learned from my father. I was a generation behind the times. Now I’m married to the girlfriend I had when I met Marcia, and I’m indebted to her for that. She and I are still good friends. Marcia and my wife are friends, too.”
Can you fix a broken friendship? If you feel a close friend has hurt you, it’s worthwhile to sit down and say, “If I didn’t care about you, I’d just shrug my shoulders and go my own way. But since I do care, I’d like to straighten this out.” Then calmly talk about what has happened. You might find it’s just a misunderstanding.
I can’t say I headed a broken friendship with my sister-our sibling rivalry was nothing unusual. But since Milton died, she and I found each other again, and it means a lot to me. The longer I live, the more important it is to feel connected. And that is what we do through friends.
Near the end of his battle with cancer, Milton sent me to see our new grand-daughter. I held her and kissed her for both of us. When I told
Milton I’d done this, he said, “I’ll always be with you, because part of me is in her, in each of our grandchildren.” He died a day or so later. I have four grandchildren now, and what Milton said is true. I take them, one by one, on adventures all over the world, and each time I find new friendships. And Milton, my best friend, is always with me.
endearment: n.表示(shi)愛慕的話(hua)語(yu);親熱(re)的表示(shi)
term: n.專業詞語;術語;措辭
1. Psychologists identify friends as those who accept each other, confide in each other and feel responsible for each other.
Paraphrase: Psychologists regard friends as those who accept each other, trust each other and be responsible for each other.
心(xin)理(li)學家將朋友定義為彼此接受(shou)對方,相信對方并對彼此負責(ze)的人。
Identify…as: to find out exactly what sth. is 把(ba)…確(que)認為(wei)…
transient: adj.短暫的(de);片(pian)刻的(de);轉(zhuan)瞬即逝的(de)
companionship: n.伙伴關系(xi); 友情,友誼(yi)
2. In our transient cultures, we depend more on friends for things we once got from families-emotional support and often even financial help. Paraphrase: In our cultures in which things change quickly, we get more things from friends, like emotional support and even financial support, which we got from families before.
在這個(ge)瞬息萬變的時代,我們更加依賴朋友(you),從朋友(you)處(chu)獲(huo)得一些(xie)以前我們從家(jia)人那兒得到(dao)的東西,比如(ru)說,情(qing)感支(zhi)持(chi),甚至(zhi)經(jing)濟援助。
desperately: adv.極其; 絕(jue)望地(di)(di); 不(bu)顧一(yi)切地(di)(di),拼命地(di)(di)
rank: v.分(fen)等級(ji); n軍銜(xian), 職(zhi)銜(xian); 地位; 社會階層; 排; 橫(heng)列(lie); 行(xing)列(lie)
kinship: n.親屬關系(xi); 親切感
neglect: v.忽略(lve); 不予重視
familial: v.家庭的,家族的
affirm: v.肯(ken)定(ding)(某事(shi))屬實(shi); 申明(ming); 斷言
3. Friends ranks with marriage and kinship as one of the most important relationships in our lives, yet it can be the most neglected.
Paraphrase: Friendship, together with marriage and family relationship, is one of the most important relationships in our lives, but sometimes we overlook it and pay very little attention to it.
友(you)誼, 同(tong)婚姻和(he)親情一(yi)樣(yang),是我(wo)們一(yi)生(sheng)中最(zui)重要的關(guan)系之(zhi)一(yi)。
vow: n.(尤指(zhi)宗教的)誓言,誓言
tend to: 趨向,走向,傾向,趨于
instinctual: 本能的(而(er)非習(xi)得)的
blossom: v.變得(de)更加健康(或(huo)自信,成功)
4. Then we find that the heart of friendship-how to make the relationship blossom, grow and survive-requires more attention and skill
篇二:上班族專用英語學習法
洛基提醒:英語學(xue)習已經進入互聯網時代
對于上班族來說,總有(you)(you)一些外語情結--學英語是有(you)(you)用的(de),扔了(le)可惜(xi),但畢業好(hao)幾年了(le),撿又不知從哪兒(er)開始。那(nei)么上班族到底該(gai)怎樣(yang)學英語呢(ni)?又有(you)(you)什么樣(yang)的(de)方法和竅門?
大多(duo)人(ren)學英(ying)語(yu)是多(duo)次放棄、重來;再放棄,再重來。開始都(dou)是懷著(zhu)積極的(de)心態,投(tou)入到英(ying)語(yu)學習的(de)戰斗中(zhong)去(qu)。然而,學著(zhu)學著(zhu),就感覺(jue)要(yao)"堅(jian)持"不住了(le),想(xiang)要(yao)放棄。開始總是找不到解決(jue)的(de)辦法,為此而郁悶。后來才發現解決(jue)這(zhe)樣的(de)問(wen)題(ti)其實并不難。 來源(yuan):考試大的(de)美(mei)女編輯(ji)們
要學會精神轉移
在英(ying)語學習(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)過程中,感到枯(ku)燥乏味,信心(xin)不足的(de)(de)時候(hou),不要(yao)強迫自己往下學,因為從你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)思想意識形態里(li)已(yi)經開始產生(sheng)了抵(di)觸英(ying)語的(de)(de)情緒。這(zhe)時再(zai)繼續只能是" 適得其(qi)反",請你(ni)(ni)先放一(yi)放你(ni)(ni)所學習(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)內容,最(zui)好的(de)(de)去處是逛(guang)書店,選擇一(yi)本自己喜歡的(de)(de),翻開內容看上一(yi)兩段,你(ni)(ni)就會發現原來你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)英(ying)語已(yi)經很有水平了,以前的(de)(de)時間沒(mei)有白費。
還有,當你(ni)(ni)置身到書店的(de)(de)時候,你(ni)(ni)才能夠感受到很(hen)多中國人都(dou)和你(ni)(ni)一(yi)樣(yang)在努力著,也許他(她(ta))的(de)(de)英文水(shui)平很(hen)高也許他 (她(ta))還不如你(ni)(ni)。從而讓自(zi)己產生羨慕(mu)、嫉妒(du)、欣(xin)慰的(de)(de)心(xin)理。只有這樣(yang)才能激發你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)繼續學習的(de)(de)興趣。除此之(zhi)外(wai),你(ni)(ni)還可以去聽聽那些(xie)原版(ban)磁帶,去看(kan)(kan)看(kan)(kan)原版(ban)DVD 來調節(jie)自(zi)己的(de)(de)心(xin)態。
應該怎么背單詞
背(bei)單(dan)(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)不要(yao)孤立的(de)背(bei),一(yi)(yi)定要(yao)融(rong)合到(dao)句子中去。要(yao)查詞(ci)(ci)(ci)典,在(zai)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)典中把這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)每個(ge)(ge)(ge)不同的(de)例(li)句都要(yao)找出一(yi)(yi)兩句實用(yong)的(de)作(zuo)為代表練出來,這(zhe)(zhe)樣你才會知(zhi)道一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)不同用(yong)法。 還(huan)有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)辦法,就是利用(yong)摩西英(ying)(ying)語(yu)、大(da)耳朵英(ying)(ying)語(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)些免費英(ying)(ying)語(yu)學習(xi)網站(zhan),從周(zhou)(zhou)一(yi)(yi)到(dao)周(zhou)(zhou)五,每天學習(xi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)英(ying)(ying)文單(dan)(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)起(qi)源、用(yong)法、同根詞(ci)(ci)(ci),學習(xi)一(yi)(yi)句英(ying)(ying)文名言,記住五個(ge)(ge)(ge)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)單(dan)(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci),這(zhe)(zhe)樣在(zai)輕松(song)閱讀故事的(de)過程(cheng)中每周(zhou)(zhou)記住30個(ge)(ge)(ge)左右的(de)單(dan)(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci),一(yi)(yi)年就能(neng)累計(ji)記住1500個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)。 除了聽(ting)(ting)寫、默寫以外(wai),還(huan)要(yao)增加閱讀量(liang)(liang),看(kan)一(yi)(yi)些和自己水平(ping)相(xiang)當的(de)英(ying)(ying)語(yu)書籍從而擴(kuo)充詞(ci)(ci)(ci)匯量(liang)(liang)。閱讀不需要(yao)去背(bei)誦,也不需要(yao)去聽(ting)(ting)錄音,但必須(xu)勤查詞(ci)(ci)(ci)典。這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)方法只是為了增加詞(ci)(ci)(ci)匯量(liang)(liang),盡量(liang)(liang)在(zai)短時間內減少生詞(ci)(ci)(ci)。
每天學多少合適?
每天不(bu)(bu)要(yao)過多(duo)的(de)記(ji)憶,有(you)5-6句(ju)話足(zu)以(yi),多(duo)了(le)(le)什么也記(ji)不(bu)(bu)住。科學的(de)說法是一天記(ji)憶8句(ju)話,我(wo)們(men)還是不(bu)(bu)要(yao)那么標準了(le)(le),少點好。最(zui)好能把學到的(de)組成簡單(dan)的(de)對話,這(zhe)樣(yang)一問一答自己都(dou)可以(yi)練習口語了(le)(le)。不(bu)(bu)要(yao)去考慮(lv)進度,不(bu)(bu)要(yao)去想:"唉呦,這(zhe)得猴年馬月我(wo)才能學會呀?",當你(ni)對英語有(you)了(le)(le)感覺后,速度是突飛猛進的(de)。心不(bu)(bu)要(yao)太急,戒驕戒躁,就像(xiang)一個人猛吸(xi)一口氣,他(ta)可以(yi)跑得很快,但(dan)他(ta)永遠跑不(bu)(bu)遠。就是這(zhe)個道理。
我該怎么(me)合理分配時間(jian)?
從時(shi)間上(shang)來說(shuo),如果您是"朝9晚5"工作(zuo)制,就要充(chong)分利用零(ling)碎的時(shi)間。在每天晚上(shang),你要抽出一個小(xiao)時(shi)來聽寫5句話,我(wo)想應該(gai)不難(nan)做到。第二(er)天您就應該(gai)反(fan)復去嘮叨這5句話。上(shang)半時(shi)遇(yu)到上(shang)廁(ce)所、上(shang)下樓、外出辦事情什么(me)的,都可以反(fan)復練習。
利(li)用周六(liu)、周日可以(yi)從頭至(zhi)尾溫故而知新一下。
一天花(hua)費過長的(de)時(shi)間學英語其實效果(guo)并(bing)不好,而恰(qia)恰(qia)是(shi)零(ling)(ling)碎(sui)的(de)時(shi)間學習英語最容易出效果(guo)。平(ping)時(shi)零(ling)(ling)碎(sui)著聽,零(ling)(ling)碎(sui)著嘮叨,零(ling)(ling)碎(sui)寫著,隔(ge)幾天做個(ge)階(jie)段性總結,接觸多了,時(shi)間長了,也就自然會了。
學一本教材或(huo)報一門考試
如果(guo)完全沒有目的(de)性地學(xue)習英(ying)語(yu)(yu),非常容易中(zhong)斷學(xue)習。畢(bi)業幾年的(de)上班族,為(wei)了為(wei)自(zi)己的(de)學(xue)習添點(dian)兒動力,不妨(fang)自(zi)己選一本教材(cai)學(xue)習。比如經(jing)典的(de)綜(zong)合英(ying)語(yu)(yu)教材(cai)《新概(gai)念(nian)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)》、 或是(shi)偏重口語(yu)(yu)教材(cai)的(de)《走遍美國》、還(huan)有適(shi)合商務人士的(de)《劍(jian)橋商務英(ying)語(yu)(yu)BEC》,都可以給你系統的(de)學(xue)習方(fang)向。
當(dang)然如果你的(de)(de)工作還不(bu)算太忙(mang),就(jiu)更加(jia)建議你去報考一(yi)(yi)門英語證(zheng)書(shu),比如偏重(zhong)翻譯英語方向中、高級(ji)口譯證(zheng)書(shu);或是BEC也有(you)(you)自己(ji)的(de)(de)初(chu)、中、高級(ji)證(zheng)書(shu)等(deng)等(deng)。備考復習的(de)(de)過程,其實就(jiu)是將(jiang)學(xue)到(dao)的(de)(de)知識強化的(de)(de)過程。如果復習得好還能拿(na)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)本有(you)(you)利于職場發展的(de)(de)證(zheng)書(shu),何樂而不(bu)為(wei)呢?
篇三:英語教學法7.課件
Unit 11
Teaching Reading
GROUP MENBERS:
Contents
The Nature of Reading
How do we read?
What do we read?
Strategies involved in reading comprehension
The role of vocabulary in reading
Principles and models for teaching reading
Contents
Pre-reading activities
While- reading activities
Post-reading activities
Conclusion
The Nature of Reading
The Nature of Reading
Reading is an active process. It constantly involves guessing, predicting, checking and asking oneself questions.
Reading is the ability to understand the written words and respond to them in proper ways. Reading means getting meaning out of a given context.
How do we read?
1. Reading has only one purpose, i.e. to get information.
2. Reading is a silent activity. Reading aloud does not help much with comprehension.
3. Reading with a purpose is more effective than reading without a purpose.
4. When we read, our eyes are constantly moving from letter to letter, word to word and sentence to sentence.
5. Reading is an individual activity.
6. We need to know all the words in order to understand a text
7. We read everything with the same speed.
8. When reading in a foreign language, we mentally translate everything in order to understand.
9. It is helpful to use a dictionary and note down the meaning of all the new words while reading.
10. The lack of cultural knowledge may affect the rate of reading comprehension.
11. Possessing a large amount of vocabulary is the key for reading comprehension.
12. Reading can best be improved by being engaged in reading and reading more.
Tasks should help develop students’ reading skills rather than test their reading comprehension. The teacher should help students not merely to cope with one particular text in class but to develop their reading strategies and reading ability in general so that they are able to apply the strategies or skills learned in class to tackle other texts they encounter outside class or in the future.
PWP三階段(duan)英語閱讀教(jiao)學模式(shi)
三階段英語閱(yue)讀(du)(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)模式(shi)(shi)是(shi)我國中(zhong)小學(xue)英語閱(yue)讀(du)(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)中(zhong)普遍被采用(yong)的教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)模式(shi)(shi),主要屬(shu)于“自(zi)上而(er)下(xia)”或交互作用(yong)的閱(yue)讀(du)(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)模式(shi)(shi),具體屬(shu)于哪(na)種閱(yue)讀(du)(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)模式(shi)(shi)主要根據閱(yue)讀(du)(du)(du)文本體裁和(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師的教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)活動(dong)設計而(er)定。三階段即讀(du)(du)(du)前(qian)(pre-reading)、讀(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)(while-reading)、讀(du)(du)(du)后(hou)(post-reading)三個(ge)階段。
Pre-reading activities
Pooling existing knowledge about the topic
Predicting the contents of the text
Skimming or scanning the text for certain purposes
Learning key words and structures
Aims——To facilitate while-reading activities
Pre-reading activities
1
2
3
Predicting
Skimming and scanning
Setting the scene
Content Layouts
Predicting is an important reading skill, which can make reading more intriguing and purposeful .Therefore, it is likely to result in better comprehension compared with the situation where the learner starts reading with a blank mind.
Three ways of prediction
Predicting based on the title
Good titles always contain the most important information of a written text.
.
Look at the three titles in the box below and predict the contents of the texts. When you are ready, join another pair an d compare your predictions and the clues that helped you to make the
To begin with, students may not be good at predicting. If so, the teacher can help them by asking certain questions. For example, for each of the three texts above, we can ask these questions:
Text 1: What is a pet? What are pets for? Why do people love pets? Are there any problems with pets?
Text 2: What is a jungle? Where can you find jungles? What do you think has happened to the jungles?
Text 3: What happened to the child? How do you think the parents would feel? What could the police do?
Three ways of prediction
Predicting based on vocabulary
The teacher also asks students to write down the words that they think will appear in the text,
Predicting based on the T/F questions
The teacher gives students some true or false statements. Students predict if these statements are true or false. Then they read the text to check if they have made the right predictions.
Setting the scene
Getting the students familiarized with the cultural and social background knowledge relevant to the reading text.
Setting the scene by relating what students already know to what they want to know.
Using visual aids to setting the scene, such as real objects, pictures, videos episodes and multi-media materials,etc.
Skimming
Reading quickly to get the gist,i.e. the main idea of the text.
Ask general questions which allow students to focus on one or two things.
Provide 3-4 statements and one of them represents the main idea, ask students to read the text and decide which statement is the correct one.
Provide subtitles for different parts of a text and asks students to put them in the right place. Scanning
Read to locate specific information. The key point is that the readers has something in his mind
and he should ignore the irrelevant parts when reading.
Besides,we can also ask students to scan for vocabulary which usually have certain semantic connections with the theme. Though teachers’ pre-teaching,students will facilitate the reading tasks that follow.
Scanning
What’s more, students can also scan for certain structures,for example, tense forms,discourse connectors,or particular sentence structures,which can serve as the basis for grammar study. Should pay attention to following things:
Set a time limit;
Give clear instruction for the task
Wait until 70% of the students finish
Scanning
Make clear how you are going to get feedback
Make sure that answers to the scanning questions are scattered throughout the text rather than clustered at one place.
Different texts offer opportunities for different kinds of exploitation. Yet a reading passage in traditional reading comprehension textbook has generally been exploited by means of mutiple choice quesstions,T/F questions, open questions, parahrasing and translation.
While-reading activities
While-reading activities
In this section we will look at some different ways of exploiting texts focusing on the process of understanding rather than the results of reading.
Information presented in plain text form dose not facilitate information retention. When information in text form is transferred to another form, it can be more effectively processed and retained. The way to transfer information from one form to another is called a transition device Transition device
Its function in teaching reading can be
illustrated in the following diagram:
Most of the transition devices make use of visual aids so that information in text form is visualized. Research has shown visualization can help second language learners to comprehend meaning
Below are some transition devices that are often used in teaching:
Purposes of transition device:
1.Focus attention on the main meaning of the text.
2.Be able to simplify sophisticated input so that it becomes the basic for out put.
3.Allow the students to perform tasks while they are reading.
4.Highlight the main structural organization of a text /part of a text, and show how the structure relates to meaning.
5.Involve all the students in clearly defined reading tasks.
6.Precede one step at a time(easier tasks before more complicated one.)
7.When a TD is completed, use it as a basis for further oral and/or written language practice. Reading comprehension question
One of the most frequently used methods in teaching reading is asking students to answer comprehension questions. Nuttal suggests that we can classify questions according to the kind of information that they require students to get from the texts, or the kind of thinking that we wish students to engage in.
She lists five types:
Questions of literal comprehension. These are questions whose answer are directly and explicitly expressed in the text.
Questions involving reorganization or reinterpretation. These questions require Ss to put literal information together in a new way or reinterpret it.
Questions for inferences. They require Ss to consider what is implied but not explicitly stated. Questions for evaluation or appreciation. Such as making judgment about what the writer is trying to do and whether the writer is biased or dishonest.
Questions for personal response. The answers to these questions depend most on the reader`s reaction to the content of the text.
Understanding references:
All natural language, spoken or written , uses referential words such as pronouns to refer to people or things already mentioned previously in the context. Some students have difficulty in following clearly the references in the text. So the teacher should find ways to help Ss find the meaning of the references in the context.
Making inferences
Making inferences, which means 'reading between the lines', is an important reading skill. It requires the readers to use background knowledge in order to infer the implied meaning of the
篇四:英語口語學習方法技巧
英語(yu)口語(yu)學習方法技(ji)巧
如何才(cai)能(neng)說流利(li)的英語?
說外(wai)語(yu)時(shi),我們主要應做(zuo)到(dao)四(si)件事: 理解 --回答(da) --提問 --口頭表達
你只要自我(wo)訓(xun)練這四項基本技能(或找一(yi)位(wei)可(ke)以訓(xun)練你的老師),就會說(shuo)一(yi)口流利的英語(yu)。
我們該如何對待說英語時所犯的錯(cuo)誤(wu)?
你(ni)(ni)應該(gai)區(qu)別講求準確性的(de)口頭訓練與(yu)講求"被理(li)解"的(de)口頭交流(liu)之間的(de)區(qu)別。如果(guo)你(ni)(ni)為交流(liu)而(er)說英語,那么你(ni)(ni)犯的(de)錯(cuo)誤大都(dou)可(ke)以忽視。重要(yao)的(de)是(shi)信心十足地去(qu)交流(liu)(那可(ke)不是(shi)容易的(de)!)。如果(guo)你(ni)(ni)確實是(shi)在(zai)交流(liu),那么即使(shi)你(ni)(ni)犯錯(cuo)誤也沒有(you) 關系,只(zhi)要(yao)這些錯(cuo)誤不干擾你(ni)(ni)的(de)交流(liu)。你(ni)(ni)只(zhi)要(yao)糾正在(zai)你(ni)(ni)口頭 表達或寫作時會妨礙別人理(li)解你(ni)(ni)的(de)錯(cuo)誤就(jiu)可(ke)以了。
我(wo)的聽力(li)進步緩慢。我(wo)該如何提高(gao)呢?
練(lian)習語言聽(ting)力的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)是要采取(qu)積極主(zhu)動而非被動的(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)。如果(guo)老師(shi)在介紹(shao)一(yi)篇課(ke)文時稍加一(yi)個(ge)短評,并且(qie)提出一(yi)個(ge)問(wen)題,學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)們(men)就會(hui)積極主(zhu)動地聆聽(ting)。例如,老師(shi)說:"今 天我(wo)準備給(gei)你(ni)們(men)讀(du)一(yi)則講(jiang)述一(yi)個(ge)意外事(shi)件的(de)(de)故事(shi)。讀(du)完之后,我(wo)要問(wen)你(ni)們(men)這件事(shi)是如何發生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)。"這會(hui)鼓勵學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)們(men)積 極認(ren)真地聽(ting),以(yi)求找到問(wen)題的(de)(de)答案。如果(guo)老師(shi)只是說:"請聽(ting)這個(ge)故事(shi)",學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)們(men)則沒有聆聽(ting)的(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)。他們(men)的(de)(de)雙眼(yan)可能 是睜著的(de)(de),但(dan)頭(tou)腦確(que)是封(feng)閉(bi)的(de)(de)。
在練(lian)習聽力過程中,我卻(que)抓不(bu)到全(quan)文的大(da)意,這是為什么(me)呢?
這(zhe)是因為(wei)你把精力放在聽(ting)單(dan)詞上,而不是理解意(yi)思(si)上。不要(yao)聽(ting)單(dan)個的(de)(de)單(dan)詞,然后(hou)就試圖(tu)把它們(men)譯成漢語(yu)(yu)(yu),應該(gai)聽(ting)懂全文的(de)(de)意(yi)思(si)。聽(ting)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)時,要(yao)排(pai)除漢語(yu)(yu)(yu)干擾(rao)。這(zhe)正是優(you)秀 譯員所要(yao)具備的(de)(de):他們(men)先要(yao)弄懂一(yi)段語(yu)(yu)(yu)言的(de)(de)意(yi)思(si),然后(hou)把它譯成另一(yi)種(zhong)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言,以便聽(ting)者可以聽(ting)懂說話的(de)(de)大意(yi)。
如何練(lian)習(xi)連貫表達的回話技(ji)巧?
我(wo)想你(ni)(ni)所提(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)"時(shi)(shi)斷時(shi)(shi)續(xu)"(說(shuo)英語)可能是(shi)(shi)指突然(ran)迸(beng) 發(fa)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)話方式。首先,你(ni)(ni)必須明白,大(da)多(duo)數口頭表達是(shi)(shi)與(yu)他(ta)(ta)人(ren)交(jiao)往的(de)(de)(de)(de)產物(wu)。我(wo)們(men)很少發(fa)表長(chang)篇大(da)論(lun),這就是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)我(wo)們(men)必須培養我(wo)們(men)自己(ji)理(li)解別人(ren)講話的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力,然(ran)后根據我(wo)們(men)所聽(ting)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容作出回(hui)答。會(hui)話的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)質(zhi)不(bu)同,要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)技巧也自然(ran)不(bu)同。例(li)如:·交(jiao)流(liu)信息。這是(shi)(shi)我(wo)們(men)每天最常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)形式。你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)朋友告訴(su)(su)你(ni)(ni)他(ta)(ta)/她(ta)在業余時(shi)(shi)間所喜歡做的(de)(de)(de)(de)事。你(ni)(ni)仔(zi)細聽(ting),然(ran)后 告訴(su)(su)他(ta)(ta)/她(ta)你(ni)(ni)在業余時(shi)(shi)間所想做的(de)(de)(de)(de)事。你(ni)(ni)就如此這般(ban)回(hui)答。在這種交(jiao)流(liu)中,你(ni)(ni)一般(ban)會(hui)大(da)量使用一般(ban)現在時(shi)(shi)。·敘述。你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)朋友用過去(qu)時(shi)(shi)告訴(su)(su)你(ni)(ni)一
段(duan)經(jing)歷(他/她(ta)如(ru)何(he)誤(wu)車,然(ran)(ran)后上(shang)班(ban)遲(chi)到,老板說(shuo)(shuo)些什(shen)么,等等)。你仔細聽(ting),然(ran)(ran)后講述(shu)(shu)你自己的(de)經(jing)歷。在這種交流(liu)(liu)中,你一(yi)般(ban)會使用一(yi)般(ban)過去(qu)時(shi)(shi)或過去(qu)進(jin)行時(shi)(shi)。按時(shi)(shi)間順序講述(shu)(shu)一(yi)個故事較為容易(yi):某事開(kai)始于……,然(ran)(ran)后敘述(shu)(shu)正(zheng)文(wen),最(zui)后結束講述(shu)(shu)。·交流(liu)(liu)看(kan)法(fa)和(he)觀點(dian)。你的(de)朋友告訴你他/她(ta)對某事的(de)看(kan)法(fa),他/她(ta)先描(miao)述(shu)(shu)一(yi)段(duan)場景,然(ran)(ran)后發(fa)表他/她(ta)的(de)意見,并給出 理由。你仔細聽(ting),然(ran)(ran)后以同樣(yang)的(de)方式(shi)作出回答。你有可能陳述(shu)(shu)事實(你從報紙上(shang)讀(du)到的(de)東(dong)西),給出一(yi)個或幾個例子,然(ran)(ran)后說(shuo)(shuo)明你的(de)看(kan)法(fa)。你很可能用些諸
如 In my opinion…, I think…, I agree with what you say, but…
和 I"m afraid I disngree.I think…等短語。
不(bu)錯,平時多練(lian)習以(yi)提高你的(de)(de)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)口語(yu)(yu),但不(bu)要指望遇(yu)見(jian)外國人(我想你所指的(de)(de)是來自(zi)說英(ying)語(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)國家的(de)(de)人)這(zhe)個辦法。如(ru)果這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)話,你練(lian)習說英(ying)語(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)機會(hui)就少多了。首先,經常遇(yu)見(jian)外國人是不(bu)容易的(de)(de);其(qi)次,他們可能不(bu)愿(yuan)被你用來 練(lian)英(ying)語(yu)(yu);再者,如(ru)果你與(yu)一位外國人交談(tan),你可能會(hui)對(dui)自(zi)己(ji) 的(de)(de)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)水平不(bu)甚清楚,無(wu)法表達自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)
思想(就像你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)所提的(de) 事例一(yi)樣)。那(nei)么,你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)該怎么辦呢?你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)可(ke)以(yi)給你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)自己創造機(ji) 會。你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)可(ke)以(yi)找與你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)有相同(tong)的(de)文化(hua)背景、面(mian)臨類似問題(ti)的(de)人練(lian)習英(ying)語口頭表達能(neng)力。你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)可(ke)以(yi)定期參加英(ying)語會話課(ke),在老師 的(de)監督下(xia)練(lian)習,也可(ke)以(yi)和與你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)情況相當(dang)的(de)朋友(you)聚會,共同(tong)敲(qiao)定一(yi)個(ge)談話的(de)主題(ti)。可(ke)以(yi)選一(yi)些你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)們講中(zhong)文時了(le)解或愿(yuan)意聊 的(de)話題(ti)。當(dang)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)心(xin)中(zhong)感到言(yan)之有物的(de)時候,你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)就會找到你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)所需(xu)要(yao)用的(de)詞來表達你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)思想,這是個(ge)自明之理。
聽英語廣(guang)播時,我(wo)有時可(ke)以聽懂,但(dan)不能寫下完(wan)整的句子(zi)。
如果你(ni)在(zai)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)廣(guang)播的(de)(de)話,為什(shen)么(me)非要寫下一個(ge)完整句(ju)子呢?廣(guang)播的(de)(de)播音(yin)通常是(shi)段(duan)英語(yu)(yu)口語(yu)(yu)。它并不是(shi)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)寫。我(wo)想你(ni)所說的(de)(de)是(shi)你(ni)沒(mei)有(you)抓住單個(ge)單詞(ci)的(de)(de)意(yi)思。我(wo)的(de)(de)建議(yi)是(shi):在(zai)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)廣(guang)播時,不要試圖(tu)抓住個(ge)別單詞(ci)的(de)(de)意(yi)思,要集中注意(yi)力(li)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)完整的(de)(de)句(ju)子,盡力(li)抓住全(quan)文的(de)(de)意(yi)思。也就是(shi)說你(ni)一定要根據上下 文判(pan)斷新單詞(ci)的(de)(de)意(yi)思。要訓練自己為理解文章的(de)(de)意(yi)思而(er)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)廣(guang) 播,而(er)不是(shi)為個(ge)別單詞(ci)而(er)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)廣(guang)播。
聽美國(guo)之音體育報道,對詞的理(li)解(jie)有(you)困難(nan)。您(nin)能介紹一(yi)些竅門(men)嗎?
一(yi)門(men)外(wai)國語(yu)最(zui)難掌握的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項(xiang)技巧(qiao)就是(shi)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)懂母語(yu)講話(hua)人用(yong) 正常(chang)(chang)速度所說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然語(yu)言的(de)(de)(de)能力(li)(li)。另(ling)外(wai),在體(ti)育報道中,語(yu)速通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)快的(de)(de)(de)。聽(ting)(ting)(ting)一(yi)場賽(sai)馬或(huo)汽車比賽(sai)的(de)(de)(de)評(ping)論,你會發現評(ping) 論員幾乎都(dou)跟(gen)不(bu)(bu)上(shang)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)速度,因為他要(yao)努力(li)(li)踉上(shang)他所看到的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)進行(xing)速度。你可以通(tong)(tong)過幾個方法(fa)來訓練自(zi)己聽(ting)(ting)(ting)懂母 語(yu)講話(hua)者(zhe)說(shuo)話(hua)的(de)(de)(de)能力(li)(li)。一(yi)種辦法(fa)是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)"有(you)聲(sheng)讀(du)(du)物(wu)"。這些(xie)讀(du)(du)物(wu)以錄音帶(dai)、CD或(huo)錄像帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)形式出版。它們主要(yao)包括著 名演員朗讀(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)小說(shuo)或(huo)傳記,這些(xie)讀(du)(du)物(wu)是(shi)面向那些(xie)不(bu)(bu)想親自(zi)讀(du)(du)故事而想聽(ting)(ting)(ting)別人讀(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)母語(yu)講話(hua)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)。
在與講英語(yu)的外國人談(tan)話時,我的舌頭經(jing)常(chang)變得笨起來。如(ru)何克服?
在(zai)陌生人(ren)面(mian)前你覺得膽怯(qie),對自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的英語沒有自(zi)(zi)信(xin)。為(wei) 什么呢(ni)?因為(wei)你怕被人(ren)
嘲(chao)笑。這(zhe)種(zhong)情況(kuang)尤其會(hui)影響講(jiang)外(wai)語(yu)的(de)(de)成年人(ren)。(越年輕就越沒有顧忌!)你(ni)(ni)(ni)該(gai)怎么(me)辦呢?你(ni)(ni)(ni)可(ke)(ke)以先 說服自(zi)己講(jiang)別人(ren)的(de)(de)語(yu)言出了(le)錯(cuo)誤并不是(shi)(shi)件丟人(ren)的(de)(de)事。設想將(jiang)情景反過來(lai),外(wai)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)在努(nu)力(li)與(yu)你(ni)(ni)(ni)講(jiang)中(zhong)文。你(ni)(ni)(ni)會(hui)怎么(me)辦?你(ni)(ni)(ni)會(hui)嘲(chao)笑他們(men)的(de)(de)語(yu)病(bing),還是(shi)(shi)會(hui)去幫(bang)助他們(men)呢?許多以英語(yu)為母語(yu)的(de)(de)人(ren),尤其是(shi)(shi)那(nei)些長(chang)期在國(guo)(guo)外(wai)的(de)(de),了(le)解學英語(yu)的(de)(de)人(ren)努(nu)力(li)講(jiang)英語(yu)的(de)(de)情形,一(yi)(yi)般都(dou)會(hui)有耐心、寬(kuan)容地提供幫(bang)助。了(le)解到這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)點,你(ni)(ni)(ni)就可(ke)(ke)以試(shi)著與(yu)外(wai)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)交談(tan)。仔細(xi)聽,大體弄(nong)懂他們(men)談(tan)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)什么(me)。"輪到"你(ni)(ni)(ni)說話的(de)(de)時(shi)候你(ni)(ni)(ni)可(ke)(ke)以發表自(zi)己的(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)。 你(ni)(ni)(ni)認為自(zi)己可(ke)(ke)能誤解的(de)(de)地方,可(ke)(ke)以請(qing)與(yu)你(ni)(ni)(ni)交談(tan)的(de)(de)人(ren)解釋(shi),你(ni)(ni)(ni) 也可(ke)(ke)以請(qing)他們(men)糾(jiu)正一(yi)(yi)兩個(ge)關鍵的(de)(de)錯(cuo)誤。這(zhe)樣你(ni)(ni)(ni)會(hui)慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)建立(li)起(qi)信(xin)心。
老師用英語(yu)給我(wo)們講(jiang)故事時,我(wo)不記得中文意思了。我(wo)該(gai)怎么辦?
你(ni)的頭腦中(zhong)不(bu)要想中(zhong)文(wen)。在聽(ting)英語(yu)時(shi),你(ni)應該帶(dai)著英語(yu) 思維聽(ting),不(bu)要試圖(tu)給你(ni)聽(ting)到(dao)(dao)的每(mei)個英語(yu)單(dan)詞都找(zhao)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)個中(zhong)文(wen)的對等詞。如果你(ni)頑(wan)固堅持,就(jiu)會(hui)完全聽(ting)不(bu)懂(dong)意思,也就(jiu)聽(ting)不(bu)到(dao)(dao)什(shen)么英語(yu)。不(bu)要拘泥(ni)于單(dan)個的詞,應集中(zhong)精力(li)(li)努力(li)(li)弄(nong)懂(dong)整個詞組、句子(zi)和段落的意思。聽(ting)到(dao)(dao)不(bu)理解(jie)的地方,努力(li)(li)從上下文(wen)中(zhong)推導含義。聽(ting)完一(yi)篇英語(yu)后,(用英語(yu))回(hui)憶一(yi)下 它(ta)講的是什(shen)么,考考自己。
您能給我們推薦一(yi)些更生動、非虛擬的英語(yu)口語(yu)書嗎?
費解的問題(ti)!"虛擬(ni)"是(shi)英語(yu)(yu)中很少使用的一個語(yu)(yu)法形式。可能你(ni)(ni)是(shi)要我(wo)推(tui)薦那些聽起(qi)來像真正的英語(yu)(yu),而不像語(yu)(yu)法書的英語(yu)(yu)錄音。如(ru)果這(zhe)樣,我(wo)建議你(ni)(ni)查(cha)閱出版社的英語(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu) 言(yan)教(jiao)學目錄,找到"讀物(wu)"部分,選擇有(you)聲(sheng)(sheng)讀物(wu)(即磁(ci)帶里的故事書)。選擇自己認為適合的等級,然后選擇你(ni)(ni)喜歡的 題(ti)目訂購。如(ru)果你(ni)(ni)的英語(yu)(yu)水平較高,你(ni)(ni)可以(yi)買或借"有(you)聲(sheng)(sheng)圖 書",這(zhe)是(shi)由(you)演員(yuan)朗讀的原版小(xiao)說。
講(jiang)英語時對(dui)于我(wo)們犯的錯該(gai)怎么處理?
錯誤只(zhi)有(you)在嚴重影(ying)響交流的時(shi)候才構成問題。如(ru)果與你(ni)交談(tan)(tan)的人(ren)理解(jie)你(ni)所說的大(da)部(bu)分(fen),那(nei)(nei)你(ni)做得很(hen)(hen)好(hao),犯了(le)多少錯誤沒有(you)多大(da)關系。如(ru)果你(ni)愿意(yi),可以請英語水平(ping)比(bi)你(ni)高的人(ren) 替你(ni)糾正,但這樣通常很(hen)(hen)乏(fa)味,而且(qie)干擾交流。如(ru)果與你(ni)交談(tan)(tan)的人(ren)能理解(jie)你(ni)說的意(yi)思,那(nei)(nei)就很(hen)(hen)好(hao),完(wan)全不(bu)應該擔心錯誤。
如何 避免“中國式英語(yu)”?
你之(zhi)所以老是(shi)把中文譯成英語(yu),是(shi)因為你的(de)口(kou)語(yu)技(ji)(ji)巧(qiao)(qiao)尚未達到(dao)讓你自信的(de)水(shui)平。你在參加交談前需掌(zhang)握(wo)四(si)項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)巧(qiao)(qiao).它(ta)們是(shi): --理解 --回答 --問(wen)(wen) --說(shuo)(shuo)因此你要集中提(ti)高這些技(ji)(ji)巧(qiao)(qiao):訓(xun)練(lian)自己理解英語(yu)口(kou)語(yu),訓(xun)練(lian)自己問(wen)(wen)問(wen)(wen)題(ti),訓(xun)練(lian)自己回答問(wen)(wen)題(ti),最(zui)終(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)英語(yu)。你在掌(zhang)握(wo)了前三項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)巧(qiao)(qiao)后,就可(ke)以水(shui)到(dao)渠成地掌(zhang)握(wo)最(zui)后(也(ye)是(shi)最(zui)難(nan)的(de))一項(xiang):說(shuo)(shuo)。
在書中見到我能理解,但我想(xiang)表達自己的思想(xiang)時又記不住(zhu)了。
你(ni)說(shuo)得對:理解口語(yu)或文(wen)章要比讓別人(ren)理解你(ni)說(shuo)或寫(xie)的(de)(de)東西容(rong)易(yi)。這是(shi)因為理解是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)接受性的(de)(de)技巧(qiao),而說(shuo)和(he)寫(xie)是(shi)創(chuang)造XX。我(wo)們能理解的(de)(de)遠遠多于我(wo)們能表
達的(de),我們在使(shi)用母語(yu)(yu)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)是這(zhe)樣(yang)。你接受了(le)這(zhe)個現實之后(hou),應該訓(xun)練自己(ji)使(shi)用那(nei)些你能馬上(shang)回(hui)想起的(de)語(yu)(yu)言表達思想。你找不(bu)到(dao)(dao)恰當(dang)的(de)詞(ci)匯的(de)時(shi)(shi)候(見到(dao)(dao)或(huo)聽到(dao)(dao)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)能能理解(jie),但需要(yao)時(shi)(shi)卻用不(bu)上(shang)),你不(bu)得不(bu)用別(bie)的(de)詞(ci)來表達你的(de)意思。堅持聽英(ying)語(yu)(yu),盡量多地閱(yue)讀。長(chang)此以往(wang),這(zhe)將(jiang)提(ti)高你說和寫的(de)水平。
我(wo)從網絡上收(shou)集并翻譯(yi)整理了一(yi)些(xie)英語口(kou)語學(xue)習的(de)(de)方(fang)法,以供大家參考學(xue)習。但是(shi),請記(ji)住,方(fang)法就是(shi)方(fang)法,它最(zui)終無法取代刻苦(ku)的(de)(de)學(xue)習。所以,要想(xiang)練(lian)就一(yi)口(kou)純正地道流利的(de)(de)英語,請用適合自己(ji)的(de)(de)有效學(xue)習法,循序漸進地堅(jian)持操(cao)練(lian)吧!
(1) We study spoken English so as to make oral communications, so this order of importance of oral English study should be followed: Fluency, Accuracy, and Appropriateness. That is to say, we have to pay more attention to practical communicating ability instead of only laying emphasis on the grammatical correctness.
(1)我(wo)們學習英語(yu)口語(yu)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)是為(wei)(wei)了與別人進行(xing)交(jiao)流,所(suo)以英語(yu)口語(yu)中的(de)(de)幾個(ge)要素的(de)(de)重要次(ci)序應為(wei)(wei):流利,準確,和恰當(dang)。
也就是說,我們必(bi)須(xu)更(geng)加重(zhong)視實際(ji)交流(liu)能力而不僅僅是單純強調語法的正確性。
(2) Try to find some partners practicing oral English together and English corner is a good place as where we may exchange English study experience, widen our sight and improve interest in English. By the way, Guangzhou New Oriental School holds an English Corner on every Wednesday evening from 7:00 to 9:00 at Haizhu No. 8 classroom. One of the teachers in our department will be the MC at the English Corner. Welcome every friend who is crazy about learning English!
(2)尋找(zhao)學(xue)伴一起練習(xi)口(kou)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。英(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)角是(shi)個不(bu)錯的地(di)方,在(zai)那(nei)里我們不(bu)但可以練習(xi)口(kou)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),還可以交(jiao)流英(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)習(xi)經驗,開拓(tuo)視(shi)野,提高英(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)習(xi)興趣。此(ci)外,廣州新(xin)東方學(xue)校每周三晚上7:00到(dao)9:00,在(zai)海(hai)珠(zhu)教學(xue)區第8教室(shi)舉辦(ban)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)角活動(dong)。聽(ting)力口(kou)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)部(bu)會安(an)排一名教師擔任英(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)角的主持。歡(huan)迎各位熱(re)愛英(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)習(xi)的朋友參(can)加(jia)!
(3) If it’s not easy to get English partners or having little chance to attend an English corner, then we have to create an English environment ourselves by speaking English to ourselves. For example, you can talk to yourself about what you have seen or what you have done.
(3)如果找不到(dao)學(xue)伴(ban)或參(can)加英(ying)語(yu)(yu)角的(de)機(ji)會(hui)很少,那么我們就必須通過(guo)自己對自己說英(ying)語(yu)(yu)來創(chuang)造英(ying)語(yu)(yu)環境。例如,你可以對自己描述所看到(dao)的(de)景物,英(ying)語(yu)(yu)口述自己正在作的(de)事情。
(4) This method is very effective and easy to insist on--interpreting Chinese-E
nglish novels or books. First of all, we read the Chinese parts and try to interpret them into English sentence by sentence, and then compare our interpretation with the original versions in the novels or books after finishing one small paragraph’s interpretation, so that we can find out the mistakes, shortcomings and progresses in our interpretation.
(4)有種方(fang)法非常有效(xiao)且很(hen)容(rong)易堅持,那就是:口(kou)(kou)譯漢英對照(zhao)(或英漢對照(zhao))的(de)小說或其它(ta)讀(du)物。首先,我們先讀(du)漢語部(bu)分,然后(hou)逐句直接口(kou)(kou)譯成英文,完成一(yi)小段后(hou),去看書上(shang)的(de)對應英文部(bu)分,并與我們的(de)口(kou)(kou)譯進行(xing)比(bi)較。這樣,我們馬上(shang)可以發(fa)現(xian)我們口(kou)(kou)譯的(de)錯誤,缺點(dian)和進步。
請注意:剛(gang)開始選擇口(kou)譯(yi)法進行英(ying)語(yu)口(kou)語(yu)訓(xun)練時,在選材上先盡量(liang)選擇較簡單的(de)英(ying)語(yu)讀物(wu),生詞(ci)量(liang)應控制在20%以內,且應大量(liang)做(zuo),只做(zuo)一(yi)兩篇效(xiao)果是不明顯的(de)。推薦讀物(wu)有(you):《新東方英(ying)語(yu)》、《英(ying)語(yu)世界》、《英(ying)語(yu)文摘》等。
一開始進行(xing)口(kou)(kou)譯(yi)訓練(lian)時,可(ke)能口(kou)(kou)譯(yi)速度(du)較(jiao)慢(man),費時較(jiao)多,但請(qing)堅(jian)持,從整體的(de)(de)訓練(lian)上來看(kan),這是一個加(jia)速的(de)(de)過(guo)程。進入到高級階段訓練(lian)時,請(qing)做計時練(lian)習,以便加(jia)快反應速度(du)和口(kou)(kou)語流利度(du)。
成人學英(ying)語普遍存在的問題是記(ji)憶(yi)力(li)差(cha),作復述練(lian)(lian)習(xi)或背誦課(ke)文(wen)時,往(wang)往(wang)力(li)不從心(xin);或者由于詞(ci)匯量(liang)太(tai)小覺得直接(jie)作口譯(yi)太(tai)難,那么推薦一(yi)種解(jie)決這(zhe)(zhe)個問題有效方法(fa):先(xian)學習(xi)英(ying)文(wen)部分(fen),通篇理(li)解(jie)透(tou)徹后,再來看漢語譯(yi)文(wen), 這(zhe)(zhe)時,再把漢語譯(yi)文(wen)口譯(yi)回(hui)英(ying)文(wen)。這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)做(zuo)等于既作復述練(lian)(lian)習(xi)又作口譯(yi)(語)練(lian)(lian)習(xi),可謂一(yi)箭雙雕(diao),一(yi)石二鳥(niao)!這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)訓練(lian)(lian)的好處體現(xian)在以下七個方面:
1. 自(zi)己(ji)就(jiu)可以練習口(kou)語,想練多久,就(jiu)練多久。
2. 始終(zhong)有(you)一(yi)位高級教師指出您的不足和錯誤——英文原文。
3. 訓(xun)練(lian)的(de)'題(ti)材(cai)范圍(wei)極廣,可以突破我們(men)自己(ji)的(de)思維(wei)禁錮,比如,我們(men)總是喜歡談論我們(men)自己(ji)熟(shu)悉的(de)話題(ti),所以我們(men)總是在(zai)練(lian)習相同的(de)語言,進步(bu)當然就緩慢(man)了。
4. 選擇小(xiao)說,幽默故事或好的(de)短文(wen)閱讀(du),使我們有足夠的(de)興趣堅持下去。
5. 有一些(xie)我們在直接學習英(ying)語(yu)課文時被我們熟視無睹的(de)地(di)道的(de)英(ying)語(yu)用法會被此法發掘出(chu)來(lai)。
6. 對(dui)所學(xue)知識和(he)所犯錯(cuo)誤印(yin)象深(shen)刻(ke)。這等于我(wo)們(men)一(yi)直在作漢譯(yi)英練習(xi),很多英文(wen)譯(yi)文(wen)是我(wo)們(men)費(fei)盡(jin)心(xin)思憋出來的,所以印(yin)象相當(dang)深(shen)刻(ke),這比直接學(xue)習(xi)英文(wen)課文(wen)印(yin)象要深(shen)的多。
7. 經過大量的(de)練習,你(ni)(ni)(ni)會有這樣(yang)的(de)感覺:沒有什么東西你(ni)(ni)(ni)不能翻譯,你(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)翻譯水平大大加強了,你(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)口語(yu)表(biao)達力大大提高了!
篇五:學習課件
物業費(fei)催(cui)費(fei)方法及技(ji)巧略要
前言
1、 在(zai)(zai)日常(chang)物(wu)業費繳(jiao)納過(guo)程中,業主常(chang)常(chang)會因為工作(zuo)繁(fan)忙(mang)、人在(zai)(zai)外地、返修整改、久未(wei)出租(zu)……等各種原(yuan)因遲交、甚至拒繳(jiao)物(wu)業費。為了維持(chi)物(wu)業的正(zheng)常(chang)運作(zuo),保障公司(si)的合法(fa)權益,“催費”便成為必不可少的工作(zuo)。
2、 本(ben)要(yao)略是通(tong)過在(zai)日常催(cui)費工作中的(de)不斷嘗試和總結(jie)編寫而成的(de)催(cui)費小招(辦法)。招與招之間可(ke)單獨使用,亦可(ke)根(gen)據不同業主(zhu)、不同情(qing)況據實搭配使用。選擇招數時應(ying)按先必做后(hou)(hou)自選、先個人(片區、管家)后(hou)(hou)全體(所(suo)有崗位員工)、先私人后(hou)(hou)正式的(de)原(yuan)則進行。
3、 重點說明:本(ben)要略所言“催(cui)費”一(yi)定(ding)是(shi)基于所有(you)物業服務均達標的前提下進行的,切不可(ke)只“催(cui)費”無“服務”。
使用技巧
第(di)一招(zhao) 適時(shi)提醒(xing)
1、對象(xiang):未繳費的全體(ti)業(ye)主
2、招數說明:
由于工作(zuo)生活繁忙,業(ye)主常(chang)常(chang)忘記繳納(na)物管(guan)費(fei)一(yi)事,更有甚者覺得遲交1、2個月(yue)(yue)也沒什么。故(gu)我們應從每月(yue)(yue)5日起,按(an)照下表(biao)中的(de)時間節(jie)點(dian)及客(ke)戶(hu)類型進行分類,通(tong)過短(duan)信、電話、上門等形式不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提醒業(ye)主,給業(ye)主緊迫感,讓其明白(bai)不(bu)(bu)按(an)時繳納(na)費(fei)是(shi)有人管(guan)控跟進的(de),打消客(ke)戶(hu)“遲交無所(suo)謂”的(de)念頭(tou)。正常(chang)繳納(na)的(de)客(ke)戶(hu)越早完成繳納(na),你才(cai)能騰出更多的(de)時間對(dui)付“困難戶(hu)”。下表(biao)中所(suo)列時間節(jie)點(dian)均為(wei)催費(fei)必達
時間點。此外,各(ge)項目可根據自身(shen)特殊情況添加。業主分別發(fa)(fa)送短(duan)信(xin),避免(mian)業主產生(sheng)“他只(zhi)是群發(fa)(fa),不(bu)是在提(ti)醒(xing)我”的想法,耽誤(wu)繳納(na)時間。 提(ti)醒(xing)節點見(jian)下表:
第二招(zhao) 斷其后路
1、對象:滿口答應,卻總不出(chu)現的業(ye)主
2、招數說明:
很(hen)多業(ye)主(zhu)認為物管費能拖就拖,接到電話之后含糊其詞“過兩天(tian)來”“有(you)空(kong)的(de)(de)時(shi)間就來”“我知道了(le)”等等,往(wang)往(wang)業(ye)主(zhu)最(zui)后都不(bu)會來交,而此時(shi),我們的(de)(de)催費就做了(le)無(wu)用工(gong)。對于這種(zhong)業(ye)主(zhu)“斷(duan)其后路”就成了(le)我們將無(wu)用工(gong)變有(you)用工(gong)的(de)(de)有(you)效手(shou)段。
如果業主(zhu)以最近比較忙,或者不在本地為借口,則直接為其提供轉賬方式,并(bing)確定(ding)轉賬的時間。
如(ru)果業(ye)(ye)主一(yi)直(zhi)含糊其辭說”最(zui)近” “這(zhe)兩天會(hui)來交”則要和業(ye)(ye)主約定一(yi)個有效的時間,到(dao)了時間之(zhi)后再(zai)次(ci)提醒業(ye)(ye)主,這(zhe)樣,不僅使業(ye)(ye)主自己心里(li)在(zai)時間上(shang)產生緊(jin)迫(po)感,同時也讓(rang)一(yi)拖再(zai)拖的業(ye)(ye)主產生失信的感覺,最(zui)終達到(dao)有效催費的目的。
確(que)定(ding)時(shi)間(jian)后一定(ding)要(yao)按(an)著時(shi)間(jian)持續(xu)跟進。
在談話中要向其透露,如果他沒按時(shi)繳(jiao)納,下次一定會準時(shi)再聯系他的信息。
3、話術:
您看您平(ping)時也比較(jiao)忙,不如辦個(ge)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)代扣,多省心啊(a)(a),就不用每個(ge)月(yue)還要(yao)惦著(zhu)來這(zhe)邊繳(jiao)費(fei)了,大老遠(yuan)的(de)。(用意(yi):突出(chu)遠(yuan)、累(lei)) 像您平(ping)時比較(jiao)忙(人在外(wai)地)的(de),也可(ke)以考慮銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)轉賬啊(a)(a),我們這(zhe)邊有中行(xing)(xing)(xing)和農行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de),您看哪個(ge)還比較(jiao)方(fang)便(bian)啊(a)(a)?
老師,打擾您了,我來跟您確(que)認一下(xia)轉賬(zhang)的時間(jian)和(he)金額,避免中(zhong)途有什么失誤(wu)。
那(nei)行,下周二我讓(rang)財(cai)務(wu)查(cha)賬,到了(le)我通知您(用意:告知業主(zhu),我會(hui)繼續(xu)跟進這個時間,如果沒(mei)有到,我還會(hui)再“騷(sao)擾”你的)
4、案例
XXX業主何(he)老師(shi)之前有幾個(ge)月的(de)歷史欠費(fei)。電話打過(guo)(guo)去(qu)一直(zhi)說”沒空“、”知道(dao)了“或“有時(shi)間(jian)就(jiu)交”。在(zai)溝通(tong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中,小(xiao)X建議業主通(tong)過(guo)(guo)轉(zhuan)賬(zhang)方(fang)式支付,”老師(shi),像你(ni)這(zhe)樣比(bi)較忙的(de)話可以考慮轉(zhuan)賬(zhang)的(de),本(ben)來您在(zai)外地(di)回(hui)來一次也(ye)都(dou)不方(fang)便。我把公司賬(zhang)號(hao)發到(dao)你(ni)手機上“,發送賬(zhang)戶后,過(guo)(guo)半小(xiao)時(shi),再次聯系業主。”何(he)老師(shi),帳號(hao)您收(shou)到(dao)了吧(ba),你(ni)
看您哪天(tian)有(you)空(kong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)呢,我好(hao)讓(rang)財(cai)務幫(bang)您注意著,及時(shi)入賬“。何老(lao)(lao)師(shi)(shi)同意了兩天(tian)后轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)賬。兩天(tian)過(guo)后小X繼續(xu)(xu)打電話(hua)給(gei)何老(lao)(lao)師(shi)(shi)說:老(lao)(lao)師(shi)(shi),您已經轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)賬了哈,我跟您確認一(yi)(yi)下轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)賬的時(shi)間(jian)和金額。(一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要非常誠懇堅定(ding)地認為他已經轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)賬了,哪怕你已確定(ding)沒有(you))如果他說還沒有(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),好(hao),繼續(xu)(xu)說:”那你看這個周末之前(qian)可(ke)不可(ke)以啊,到時(shi)候我再跟您確認……“
就這樣(yang),他(ta)第(di)一次(ci)說不好意思還沒有轉賬(zhang),第(di)二次(ci)是還說沒轉,到第(di)四次(ci)就不好意思再(zai)說了。幾次(ci)下來,何老師也(ye)就“不想再(zai)被煩”直接轉了,還預付了半年的(de)物管(guan)費。
第三招 苦肉計
1、對象:欠費較短,平日聯(lian)系多,有交情,心(xin)軟(ruan)有同情心(xin)的業(ye)主。
2、招數說明:
業(ye)(ye)(ye)主并非惡因欠費(fei),多(duo)次催(cui)費(fei)中能感覺到(dao)對方(fang)有(you)(you)耐心(xin),且答應爽快(kuai),卻一直以(yi)工作(zuo)忙忘(wang)記交費(fei)為由,不及時繳(jiao)納物管費(fei),當然也(ye)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)明確表(biao)(biao)示(shi)拒繳(jiao)。了解(jie)掌握(wo)對方(fang)性格,善于區分類(lei)型,避免表(biao)(biao)現過(guo)度引起業(ye)(ye)(ye)主反(fan)感,此(ci)招不建議在性格暴躁,沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)耐心(xin)的業(ye)(ye)(ye)主前使(shi)用(yong)。面對此(ci)類(lei)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主,可以(yi)把(ba)自己的難處、尷尬、責(ze)任(ren)、時限等情況(kuang)告知(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主,以(yi)獲(huo)得理解(jie)。與業(ye)(ye)(ye)主建立良(liang)好關(guan)系,使(shi)其信任(ren)你。利用(yong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主與個人關(guan)系套(tao)近乎,態度誠懇,表(biao)(biao)現出為難,甚至引人憐憫的樣子,讓對方(fang)知(zhi)道催(cui)費(fei)對你、對你的工作(zuo)績效影響何其重要。
3、話術:
“我(wo)知(zhi)(zhi)道您(nin)不是(shi)(shi)有意欠費(fei),只是(shi)(shi)前幾天(tian)上司當(dang)著部門(men)所有同(tong)事的(de)(de)面,提到(dao)(dao)我(wo)負責(ze)的(de)(de)片區(qu)收費(fei)率(lv)是(shi)(shi)部門(men)最低(di)的(de)(de),個(ge)人考核也受(shou)到(dao)(dao)了(le)較大影響。連我(wo)也開(kai)始(shi)懷疑自己(ji)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)能(neng)力了(le)……”“說實話(hua),我(wo)也知(zhi)(zhi)道您(nin)很忙,我(wo)也不希望(wang)天(tian)天(tian)給您(nin)電話(hua)打擾您(nin)工(gong)作(zuo)、休息(xi)。每(mei)次給您(nin)電話(hua)通(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)繳費(fei),打多了(le),我(wo)自己(ji)都不好(hao)意思(si)了(le)(實際上真正覺得不好(hao)意思(si)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)欠費(fei)不交的(de)(de)業主(zhu)),真的(de)(de)讓我(wo)很為難……”“今天(tian)我(wo)們公(gong)司開(kai)會(hui),我(wo)還挨批來著……”
4、案例:
A先(xian)生(sheng)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)外地(di),工作(zuo)人(ren)員多次電(dian)話(hua)(hua)通知其(qi)交費(fei),A先(xian)生(sheng)總以(yi)滿(man)懷歉意的口(kou)吻說自(zi)己(ji)工作(zuo)太忙,沒時(shi)間交,并保證在(zai)(zai)一定時(shi)間內匯(hui)款,卻一直(zhi)都未及時(shi)兌(dui)現。年底,工作(zuo)人(ren)員再次聯(lian)系業主,電(dian)話(hua)(hua)里十分(fen)委(wei)屈地(di)提(ti)到,在(zai)(zai)部門年終總結時(shi)被點(dian)名(ming)指出片區收費(fei)率很(hen)低(di),工作(zuo)考核因此受到影響,績效工資減了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)少;同時(shi)也在(zai)(zai)審視(shi)自(zi)己(ji),自(zi)查(cha)哪里做得(de)不(bu)(bu)到位,給業主帶(dai)來了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)好的感受,以(yi)至(zhi)于不(bu)(bu)繳費(fei)。業主連稱理解(jie)理解(jie),表示人(ren)員工作(zuo)認真負責,認同其(qi)工作(zuo)態度,并于當(dang)日及時(shi)匯(hui)款,另預(yu)存(cun)了(le)(le)多月物管費(fei)。
第四招 地毯(tan)搜索
1、對象:無法(fa)取得(de)聯系的業主(zhu)
2、招數說明:
業主(zhu)在買(mai)房、接房時(shi)留(liu)下了個人信息,但(dan)出現欠(qian)費時(shi),卻無法通過當(dang)初軟件、資料留(liu)下的電(dian)話號碼及(ji)其(qi)他途徑(jing)(通過戶內門機呼叫、上門催(cui)收、業主(zhu)朋友轉達(da)等)及(ji)時(shi)聯系業主(zhu)繳(jiao)費,這時(shi)就可(ke)以想盡辦
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